Working Set Private

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Calculate Memory (Working Set - Private) Programmatically in Windows XP/2000
This will explain the overall process of how to get private working set memory of any process in Windows XP/2000
I have seen some questions related to this issue. In this article, I will focus on details of how to programmatically get Memory (Working Set - Private) of any running process in Windows.
First of all, you must know the difference between working set & private working set memory. Working set actually tells you how many virtual pages for the process are mapped into physical memory. Working set memory is the amount of memory in the private working set plus the amount of memory the process is using that can be shared by other running processes. So basically private working set is the subset of working set that specifically describes the amount of memory a process is using that cannot be shared by other processes.
If you notice the task manager in Vista & Windows 7, window shows Memory (Private Working Set) which is the key thing to consider in case of memory issues. But this thing was not popular\supported in Windows 2000 & XP. If you observe Windows XP’s task manager, it shows “Mem Usage” which is basically ‘Memory (Working Set)’ and this is sort of general memory for that specific process. Windows XP do not support\show private working set memory.
Usually, we use performance counters to monitor memory usage and yes there is a process object counter to get the private working set memory of any specific running process with the name “Working Set – Private” but this is not supported in Windows XP/2000 systems. If you try to use this in XP, it throws an exception.
According to MSDN, you can calculate this memory usage in XP using different things but MSDN provides very little information about this.
In the article, I will code the process of calculating memory (Working Set-Private) in Windows XP. You can also verify the memory count you are receiving is correct by running this solution on non XP systems and open the Windows task manager at the same time.
The key function to get this thing done is PSAPI function name QueryWorkingSet(). It gives you the working set information of a process and we can calculate private working set on the base of this.
In the implementation of CalculateWSPrivate() function, we are calculating the Working Set Private memory of any particular process whose process ID we will pass in this function. Outside of this function, we will declare a big array (dWorkingSetPages) which will receive the working set information return from QueryWorkingSet(). No worries, it will not affect the size of our current executable because this is not initialized one. We will also declare the page size (dPageSize) and readjust its value in the function.
In this method (CalculateWSPrivate), our key calling function is QueryWorkingSet(). QueryWorkingSet requires process handle which we can get by calling OpenProcess(). If QueryWorkingSet() succeed, this will return page count in the first entry of passed array. After that, we will iterate all subsequent pages that are contiguous in working set memory and have the same attribute (shared or private or from page table region). At the end, we will have the exact count of shared and private memory areas. So in this way, we can get the working set private memory (which is basically none shared memory) of the particular process. 
As you can see, I implemented this function in C++ Win32 DLL, you can easily utilize this in C# by using P/Invoke:
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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Article Copyright 2010 by Najam ul Hassan
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A few words on memory usage or: working set vs. private working set
Every once in a while, we read statements like "Woah, the task manager says my Greenshot installation takes x MB of RAM when it is idle! Why does Greenshot need so much memory?"
Actually, it does not. Please do not judge any software by what the task manager says. Of course, the task manager is not lying to you; but its presentation of facts is rather misleading.
The value pointed out as "Mem usage" is actually the size of a processes working set. A working set is not reserved for a single process. When analyzing the memory performance of a process using a tool like Process Explorer (or - with Windows Vista or 7 - changing the displayed columns in the task manager; see link below how this can be done) it is obvious that the working set size is split into two values, WS Private and WS Shareable.
[caption id="attachment_244" align="alignleft" width="212" caption="Example: Process Explorer distinguishing Private and Shareable Working Set"][/caption]
These terms are pretty much self-explanatory: the private part of a working set is how much the process actually needs, it cannot be used by other processes. The shareable part is most often the bigger part of a working set. What is in there is free for use by any other application running, which is most obvious when running multiple .NET applications. Launch Paint.NET next to Greenshot and you will notice WS shared increasing. Launch SharpDevelop and it will increase even more. Loaded resources are shared between applications, which is a good thing.
If you are curious about the shared working set: cybernetnews has posted a nice article on Windows memory usage.
Another thing: as long as RAM is not scarce, used memory is not wasted memory. Actually, unused memory is literally of no use. For this reason Windows may be more generous in spending your RAM than actually demanded. So if the process needs some more at a later point, it is already there and can be accessed quickly (i.e. more performant). If other processes demand it, it can still be reallocated.
Just imagine three persons sitting on a sofa. No matter how big the sofa is, they will probably spread along the whole length instead of stacking up on one side of it, allowing each of them some extra space to sit comfortably and uncramped, leaving room to move. But when needed, they can still move together so that other persons can find a seat, too. Now there are maybe five or six persons sitting of the sofa, which still works out. But reaching out for ones drink on the table is a little bit more cumbersome, every move is a bit less effiecient now.
That said, be sure that we are always having an eye on memory usage, we definitely have no intent to waste memory for whatever reason. We can do our best to free resources as soon as they are no longer needed, but we also have to rely that Windows and .NET do a good job when it comes to memory management.

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