Women Secretary

Women Secretary
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Madeleine Albright (left), Condoleezza Rice (center), and Hillary Clinton (right) are the highest-ranking women to lead the Federal Executive Department ; each held the post of Secretary of State .

^ Jump up to: a b c At the time of her appointment, the position was then called the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. [19]

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ineligible to serve in the line of succession due to being a naturalized citizen, not natural-born . [8] [9]

^ The vice president is elected, not appointed.

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^ Jump up to: a b Feerick, John. "Essays on Amendment XXV: Presidential Succession" . The Heritage Guide to the Constitution . The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020 . Retrieved July 3, 2018 .

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^ Barron, James (August 17, 1995). "Oveta Culp Hobby, Founder of the WACs And First Secretary of Health, Dies at 90" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Madden, Richard L. (March 11, 1975). "Ford Praises Mrs. Hills as Oath is Administered" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Silk, Leonard (May 7, 1977). "A Candid Academic at Commerce" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ "Secretary of Education Is Confirmed by 81 to 2" . The New York Times . December 1, 1979. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ "Margaret Heckler Takes Oath as U.S. Secretary of Health" . The New York Times . March 10, 1983. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Gerstel, Steve (February 2, 1983). "Elizabeth Dole, her nomination unanimously confirmed by the Senate,..." UPI . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Noble, Kenneth B. (December 17, 1987). "McLaughlin Expects Scrutiny in Labor Post" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Phillips, Don; Dewar, Helen (January 26, 1989). "Senate Unanimously Confirms Baker, Dole, Darman" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

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^ Henderson, Greg (March 11, 1993). "Reno confirmed to become first female attorney general" . UPI . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Greenhouse, Steven (January 22, 1993). "SETTLING IN: Presidential Appointees; 14 Major Clinton Nominees Are Confirmed by Senate" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Harrington, Linda M. (May 1, 1994). "No Pie in the Sky" . Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Heuer, Steffan (January 22, 1997). "Albright Confirmed Unanimously" . Time . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Gray, Jerry (May 1, 1997). "After Impasse, Senate Confirms Clinton's Choice for Labor Post" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Morgan, Dan (January 19, 2001). "Veneman Offers Few Specifics on Policies" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 20, 2001 .

^ Alvarez, Lizette (January 31, 2001). "Senate Confirms Nominees For E.P.A. and Interior Posts" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved February 1, 2001 .

^ Snow, Kate (January 29, 2001). "Chao confirmed by unanimous consent motion" . CNN . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 30, 2001 .

^ "Senate Confirms Rice as Secretary of State" . The New York Times . January 26, 2005. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 27, 2005 .

^ Feller, Ben (January 31, 2005). "Spellings Promises to Push Bush Agenda" . Associated Press . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved February 1, 2005 .

^ "Senate Confirms Mary Peters as Transportation Secretary" . Fox News . Associated Press. September 30, 2006. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved October 1, 2006 .

^ Richter, Paul (January 22, 2009). "Hillary Clinton approved as secretary of State" . Los Angeles Times . ISSN 0458-3035 . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 23, 2009 .

^ Cole, Rebecca (February 25, 2009). "Solis confirmed as Labor secretary" . Los Angeles Times . ISSN 0458-3035 . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved February 26, 2009 .

^ Pear, Robert (April 28, 2009). "Senate Confirms Sebelius as Health Secretary" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved April 29, 2009 .

^ Condon, Stephanie (July 12, 2013). "Janet Napolitano resigning" . CBS News . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved July 13, 2013 .

^ Hicks, Josh (April 11, 2013). "Senate confirms Sally Jewell to lead Interior" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved April 12, 2013 .

^ Blake, Aaron (June 25, 2013). "Senate easily confirms Penny Pritzker as Commerce Secretary" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved June 26, 2013 .

^ Goldstein, Amy (June 5, 2014). "Senate Confirms Sylvia Mathews Burwell as New Secretary of HHS" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved June 6, 2014 .

^ DeBonis, Mike (April 23, 2015). "Loretta Lynch confirmed by Senate as attorney general" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved April 24, 2015 .

^ Laris, Michael (January 31, 2017). "Trump transportation secretary pick Elaine Chao confirmed in Senate, with some top Democrats balking" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on January 31, 2017 . Retrieved February 1, 2017 .

^ Huetteman, Emmarie; Alcindor, Yamiche (February 7, 2017). "Betsy DeVos Confirmed as Education Secretary; Pence Breaks Tie" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved February 8, 2017 .

^ Nixon, Ron (December 5, 2017). "Kirstjen Nielsen, White House Aide, Is Confirmed as Homeland Security Secretary" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved December 6, 2017 .

^ Rappeport, Alan (January 26, 2021). "Harris swears in Yellen as Treasury secretary, a first for women in both roles" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 27, 2021 .

^ Davenport, Coral (March 16, 2021). "Deb Haaland Becomes First Native American Cabinet Secretary" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved March 17, 2021 .

^ Swanson, Ana (March 2, 2021). "Gina Raimondo is confirmed as commerce secretary" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved March 3, 2021 .

^ Jan, Tracy (March 11, 2021). "Marcia Fudge confirmed as first Black woman to lead HUD in more than 40 years" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved March 12, 2021 .

^ Plumer, Brad (February 25, 2021). "Jennifer Granholm is confirmed as energy secretary" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved February 26, 2021 .

^ "Secretaries of the Navy" . Department of the Navy. Archived from the original on August 1, 2014 . Retrieved November 16, 2008 .

^ "Postal Service Board of Governors selects Megan Brennan as 74th Postmaster General and CEO of the United States Postal Service" (PDF) (Press release). United States Postal Service. November 14, 2014 . Retrieved February 24, 2017 .

^ "U.S. Postal Service Selects First Female Postmaster General" . Time . November 14, 2014 . Retrieved November 19, 2018 .

^ Baldor, Lolita C. (May 27, 2021). "Senate confirms Wormuth as first female Army secretary" . Associated Press . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved May 28, 2021 .

^ "Woman Confirmed as Air Force Boss" . Orlando Sentinel . August 7, 1993. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Grimes, William (July 31, 2008). "Anne Armstrong, Presidential Adviser and Pioneering Politician, Dies at 80" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved August 1, 2008 .

^ Branigin, William (December 8, 2006). "Ex-Ambassador Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Dies" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved December 9, 2006 .

^ Fram, Alan (January 21, 1993). "URGENT Fast-Moving Senate Confirms 13 More Clinton Aides" . Associated Press . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Matthews, Mark (July 23, 1993). "Albright wields clout as U.N. booster Democratic envoy's political ties are broad and deep" . The Baltimore Sun . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Zoroya, Gregg (October 13, 1996). "On the High Wire" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Povich, Elaine S. (May 14, 2019). "Alice Rivlin, budget maestro who 'helped save Washington' in fiscal crisis, dies at 88" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved May 15, 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Yellen, Alvarez Confirmed In Unanimous Senate Vote" . CNN . February 14, 1997. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ "U.S. Trade Official Wins Confirmation, And a Related Vote" . The New York Times . Reuters. March 6, 1997. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 15, 2001 .

^ Pianin, Eric (January 31, 2001). "Senate Confirms Norton, Whitman" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved February 1, 2001 .

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^ "U.S. Senate confirms Rice as U.N. ambassador" . Reuters . January 23, 2009. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 24, 2009 .

^ "Senate confirms retired admiral as spy chief" . Reuters . January 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 30, 2009 .

^ Maltby, Emily (January 13, 2012). "Obama to Elevate SBA Chief" . The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 14, 2012 .

^ Kim, Seung Min (April 24, 2013). "Senate confirms OMB director" . Politico . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved April 25, 2013 .

^ Eilperin, Juliet (July 18, 2013). "Senate confirms Gina McCarthy as EPA administrator" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved July 19, 2013 .

^ Peters, Jeremy W. (August 1, 2013). "Senate Easily Approves Obama's U.N. Nominee" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved August 2, 2013 .

^ Pizzanghera, Jim (March 27, 2014). "Maria Contreras-Sweet confirmed as SBA chief" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved March 28, 2014 .

^ Barrett, Ted (January 25, 2017). "Nikki Haley easily confirmed as UN ambassador" . CNN . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 26, 2017 .

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^ Harris, Shane; Demirjian, Karoun (May 17, 2018). "Gina Haspel confirmed as CIA chief despite scrutiny of her role in interrogation program" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved May 18, 2018 .

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^ Lee, Matthew (February 23, 2021). "Senate confirms Linda Thomas-Greenfield as UN ambassador" . Associated Press . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved February 24, 2021 .

^ Shalal, Andrea (March 3, 2021). "Rouse confirmed as first Black economist to head Council of Economic Advisers" . Reuters . Archived from the original on July 13, 2021 . Retrieved March 4, 2021 .

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The Cabinet of the United States has had 37 women appointed officers serving as secretaries of one or more of the United States federal executive departments and 30 women as Cabinet-level officials; with three of them appointed at the helm of the different departments, while four served both as Cabinet and Cabinet-rank officeholders. The vice president historically is also part of the presidential cabinet, ready to assume the Presidency should the need arise; one woman was elected to the position. No woman held a Cabinet position before the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920, which prohibits states and the federal government from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's sex. [1]

Frances Perkins was the first woman to serve in the Cabinet; she was appointed secretary of labor in 1933 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt . [2] Perkins remained in office briefly after Harry S. Truman assumed presidency upon Roosevelt's death, becoming the first woman to hold the same post under separate administrations. Patricia Roberts Harris was the first African American woman and woman of color to serve in the Cabinet when appointed secretary of housing and urban development in 1977 under President Jimmy Carter . [3] Two years later, Harris became the first woman to hold two different Cabinet positions during a single administration
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