What is overload and how it affects the pilot

Overload (ny) is the ratio of the body acceleration to the acceleration of free fall. Briefly: in how many times the pilot mass increases

Overloads are counted in G. Types of overloads are counted from the plane in which they occur. For example, normal ny is 1G, which means it's balanced to the gravity force

The main overloads (ny) are considered to be:

1) Normal – G>0

2) Zero – G=0 (~weightlessness)

3) Negative – G<0

4) Lateral

- With a normal overload, the blood from the head under "pressure" flows to the legs, so the pilot even may lose consciousness.

- With zero overload, the pilot feels weightlessness (including inside the body)

- Negative overload is the worst, because blood flows from the legs to the head, which affects the body (for example, blood vessels in the eyes can burst and negative overloads can even kill pilot)

- Lateral overload, occurs in the lateral plane (for example: you can feel it during a sharp turn in the car when you are pulled to the side)

The pilot feels overload in every part of his body.

F.e.:- When there is 3G overload, a person with mass of 60 kg will feel pressure, then the body mass increases three times and is already 180 kg. At the same time, the mass of each part of the body "increases". That is, a hand that weighs 10 kg at G=3 will weigh 30 kg.

We can feel overload in everyday life: going up or down in an elevator, accelerating or braking a car, this is normal overload

When you get in a hole when you're driving a car, you fly up a little with all your internal organs, this is an example of negative overload.

Also, all aircraft are designed based on the necessary/possible overload, because the necessary strength of the structure depends on it.

For example, if you "create" too much overload during aerobatics, you can go beyond the limits of the structure's strength, which can lead not only to the deformation of aircraft parts, but also to their destruction.

When pilot ejects, he feels overload up to G=20 for 0.15-0.2 seconds. So, if the pilot's position is uneven, the risk of "breaking" is very high.

Due to this, pilots are often get injuries during ejection, and after that they can't return to their work.

I remind you that I am writing the article as simple as possible so that civilians and people who are not very close to aviation topic could clearly understand what's happening and how it's happening