What is optical fiber?

The optical fiber is made of a very fine glass or plastic thread (250 micrometers) capable of conducting light. This allows data to be transmitted from one point to another very quickly over great distances without loss of speed. This technology is used in transcontinental submarine cables that serve as the backbone of the global internet network, by companies to develop their medium or long distance networks and by individuals.

General technical principle of optical fiber

The fiber uses the principle of refraction of light. It consists of a core (in silica) which confines light energy and propagates the signal. This core is covered with a low refractive index cladding: the light wave is then locked in the silica. The sheath promotes signal propagation. A protective coating protects the fiber. The light wave transmitted through the heart is usually emitted by laser diode. This is what allows the fiber optic network to have a very low signal attenuation with distance.

The different types of optical fiber

There are 2 types of optical fiber, each with characteristics determining a particular use. Multimode type fibers are preferred over short distances for lower flow rates. Its operation allows several light paths to be transported. Result ; a direct impact on the performance of the fiber. Singlemode fibers have a single propagation channel which allows greater throughput.

For more information about: how fiber optics work