What Is Your Sex
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Census 2021: Final guidance for the question “What is your sex?”
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How we evaluated the results of our research and testing to finalise the Census 2021 online help guidance for the question “What is your sex?”. Aims to ensure that it is in line with the target concept of sex being sex as recorded on legal/official documents and is publicly acceptable.
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has conducted a comprehensive programme of research and testing to finalise Census 2021 questions and guidance. Along with the Census 2021 topic consultation , this confirmed the ongoing strength of need for data on sex. We provide a full list of the tests used in the development of the Census 2021 questionnaire in the summary of testing for Census 2021 1 . As a result, the ONS recommended:
the 2011 Census sex question wording and response options should not be changed
the sex question should state that a question on gender identity will follow
the response options "Male" and "Female" should be listed in alphabetical order
The research leading to these recommendations is available in Sex and gender identity question development for Census 2021 1 .
Details of the guidance used in the 2019 Rehearsal (2019:15), and a summary of the research that informed its development, was published in September 2019 in Guidance for questions on sex, gender identity and sexual orientation for the 2019 Census Rehearsal for the 2021 Census .
In the guidance report we committed to reviewing the "What is your sex?" question guidance following the 2019 Rehearsal. This report describes the results of that review. A report on the additional qualitative testing (2020:6) conducted as part of this work will be published separately.
Following the review of the question guidance we have made three recommendations:
the target concept of the question "What is your sex?" is sex as recorded on legal/official documents
those who have physical sex development that is different to what is generally expected of males and females should not be provided with guidance suggesting they could provide this information in the gender identity question
the guidance wording should be updated to minimise barriers to completion of the census and the sex question
How we came to these recommendations, and the impact on the guidance is described in the rest of this section.
The evaluation of the sex question concept was framed around the dimensions of quality in the European Statistical System , looking at:
Census 2021 data users need: "relevance" and "comparability and coherence"
impact on Census overall: "accuracy and reliability"
This evaluation was presented to the Methodology Assurance Review Panel in December 2020. The methodology article, Methodology for decision making on the 2021 Census sex question concept and associated guidance , recommended that the concept of sex to be collected in Census 2021 should be "sex as recorded on legal/official documents". This differs from our initial recommendation, based on the 2011 Census guidance, of self-identified sex, although for most respondents the answer would be the same.
The panel felt that the Office for National Statistics (ONS) had clearly set out a range of target variables and its rationale for arriving at this recommendation.
In the 2019 Rehearsal, the guidance for the gender identity question stated:
"If you would like to record that you have variations of sex characteristics, sometimes also known as intersex, you can use this write-in box. If you would like to, you can also write in your gender (for example: "intersex, non-binary")."
This was included because some stakeholders had stated that this would increase inclusivity of the question. However, more accessible location for this guidance would be in the sex question.
We have conducted further engagement to confirm the benefits of including this guidance. This showed that the guidance was not appropriate as:
there is no strong and clearly identified user need for collecting this information in Census 2021
this is a sensitive topic and private for some
we are asking the person to provide their sex attributes in a gender question and, as such, are conflating concepts
data collected on this population in this way would be of low quality
This recommendation was taken to the National Statistician's Data Ethics Advisory Committee for review. The Committee agreed with our assessment and the recommendation that this guidance should not be included in either the sex or the gender identity questions. The NS-DeC response to the paper is published in " NSDEC Minute - Correspondence between November 2020 and January 2021 ".
To minimise barriers to completion of the sex question, guidance needs to balance different aims. It needs to:
be considerate of people that have identities other than male or female, or have physical sex development that is different to what is generally expected of males and females, who may not wish to answer as either male or female
accept that respondents may have legal/official documents that state male and legal/official documents that state female
use terminology that is acceptable to the whole population
Information on "Why we ask this question" has been moved to the top of the page as research found this was important to encourage response (2020:5, 2020:6). This has been applied to guidance for all questions. Within this section, more detail on how the information is used has been added. In addition, within the main body of the text, information on the importance of the question is repeated for further emphasis.
All references to specific population groups have been removed. This ensures that the guidance remains relevant to all potential readers and removes terms that are not universally acceptable to the communities being described.
The direction on how to answer has been amended to align with the target concept being "sex as recorded on legal/official documents" and cognitive testing findings (2020:6). The recommended guidance is:
"If you are considering how to answer, use the sex recorded on one of your legal documents such as a birth certificate, Gender Recognition Certificate, or passport."
The following amendments have been made:
"considering" replaces "unsure" as participants interpreted "unsure" as meaning we thought they did not know the answer, rather than that they were unsure what concept of sex we were collecting
"legal documents" replaces "official documents" as participants found this vague, the term "legal" makes it clearer we are referring to government-issued documents
"birth certificate" has been added as most members of the population would have been issued a birth certificate, whereas previous examples were not as inclusive
"Gender Recognition Certificate" has been added as not all those who have applied for this have updated their other legal documents
"driving licence" has been removed as the person's sex is not explicitly recorded on this document
To reduce repetitive content across the online help, information on what to do if you do not want to share a form with your household, and on confidentiality, has been moved to a separate page, accessible through a "Related links" section.
The final guidance for the Census 2021 question “What is your sex?”, will be accessible via the Census website , is as follows:
Your answer is key to understanding trends in the population. It also helps your local community by allowing charities, organisations, and local and central government to understand what services people might need.
This information will be used for equality monitoring between groups of people of different sexes in your local area. Your answer also helps public bodies to identify discrimination or social exclusion based on sex, and work to stop it from happening.
The sex question has been asked since 1801.
This question is vital for understanding population growth and equality monitoring. Please select either “Female” or “Male”.
If you are considering how to answer, use the sex recorded on one of your legal documents such as a birth certificate, Gender Recognition Certificate, or passport.
If you are aged 16 years or over, there is a later voluntary question on gender identity. This asks if the gender you identify with is different from your sex registered at birth. If it is different, you can then record your gender identity.
If you are answering for someone else, where possible you should ask them how they would answer. If they are away, select the answer you think they would give.
All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0 , except where otherwise stated
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When it comes to hooking up, some terms are clearer than other. You and your friends all probably agree that kissing with tongue is called a French kiss , and that "second base" means boobs are involved somehow. But when it comes to sex , there seems to be more confusion. Like, what happens if you only did it for two seconds? Or what if you had sex with a girl?
Honestly, the exact definition doesn't matter at all. What really matters is that you and your partner both gave consent and that you're using protection.
You're probably rolling your eyes at me right now like, "Hannah, I know , I still just want to know if whatever happened last night was legit sex."
So with that in mind, here's Sex 101: a nitty-gritty discussion of what counts as sex and why.
Masturbation does not equal sex, and has nothing to do with your virginity. However, it's totally normal to masturbate before or during sex to lead to a better orgasm. You and your partner can definitely "spice things up" with masturbation .
It's a super safe way to learn about your body and prepare you for sex, as it'll help you figure out what turns you on — or doesn't. Bonus: There's no need to worry about STIs or pregnancy.
You might think it only counts as sex if you reach an orgasm , but that's absolutely not true. It's SO normal for you or your partner (or both) to not get that out-of-body experience during your first, second, or hundredth time having sex.
According to Planned Parenthood , about one out of three women "have trouble reaching orgasm when having sex with a partner." Plus, everyone's body "responds differently to various kinds of sex, and every woman has different preferences for how she likes to be stimulated." So do NOT read too much into it if you have yet to reach the big O — it takes time!
Outercourse can be defined in many different ways depending on who you're talking to, but Go Ask Alice! , Columbia University’s Health Q&A Internet Resource, describes it as "lovemaking without penetration into a vagina or an anus. It allows a couple to be sexual, more intimate, and even orgasmic with one another without having sexual intercourse."
Some examples are: making out, masturbating together, playing with sex toys, and dry humping. This is technically sex, but again, the definition is up to you!
Yep, that's still sex. Just for two seconds.
Here's what's more important than the Sex vs. Not Sex label: No matter how long sex lasts, your partner needs to wear a condom to prevent the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
And just so you know, if you're sexually active, you should be getting regularly tested for STIs, and you should encourage your partners to do the same. You can visit clinics like Planned Parenthood (which offers confidential testing — your parents don't need to know), or Google to find out where your town or city offers free STI testing. But even with testing, you still need to use condoms.
There's no Official Book of Sex Rules that details exactly what percentage of a penis has to be inserted in order for it to count as Real Sex. It's just sex, or an attempt at sex.
And again, no matter how far in he got, condoms are a must.
Some people don't consider either to be "real" sex because you can't get pregnant, or because some people refer to oral sex as third base. But oral and anal are definitely types of sex. The word "sex" is in the term for a reason. (And BTW, even if pregnancy isn't a risk with either one, STIs are , so use protection.)
Sex doesn't require a penis. Girls can have sex with each other in all kinds of ways, including fingering, oral sex, and with sex toys.
FYI — just because pregnancy isn't a risk factor here doesn't mean you can forget about safe sex. You are still at risk for STDs, no matter who you’re having sex with.
Honestly, what gives them the authority? Sex might mean different things to different people, but what ultimately matters is how you feel about the encounter and that you’re protecting yourself. And seriously, anyone who's going to pick a fight about how to label a hookup is someone you probably don't want to hook up with, anyway.
If you didn’t consent to sex, it’s called rape or sexual assault. It doesn’t matter at what point in the hookup you said "no" or "stop" or changed your mind. Consent is a one-time thing and can be withdrawn at any point. If you suspect you might have been assaulted, please talk to a trusted adult (you can even virtually chat 24/7 with a trained counselor from the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline here ).
https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/censustransformationprogramme/questiondevelopment/genderidentity/census2021finalguidanceforthequestionwhatisyoursex
https://www.seventeen.com/love/dating-advice/a12121584/what-is-sex/
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