Wetting And Spreading

Wetting And Spreading

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The wettability of a liquid governs how it spreads over a solid substrate or an immiscible liquid phase and is characterized by a contact angle, which is the angle subtended by the liquid/vapor interface and the solid or immiscible liquid surface. Depending on the surface energy of the substrate, two equilibrium situations can occur upon contact of the liquid and the solid. Complete wetting corresponds to the situation when the surface energy of the substrate is high and hence the liquid spreads entirely over (or wets) the solid, thereby forming a film in which case the contact angle is zero. Partial wetting , on the other hand, relates to the situation when the surface energy of the substrate is low and hence a finite contact angle is obtained in which case the liquid retains its drop shape which is restricted at the solid surface by a contact line where the solid, liquid and vapor phases meet. The governing principle is the minimization of interfacial...
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Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Yeo, L. (2008). Wetting and Spreading.

In: Li, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48998-8_1696
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48998-8_1696

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Fingering and Fractals in Liquid Metals

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Liquid metals are known for their high surface tension. Nonetheless, by applying a small voltage to Gallium-Indium droplets in solution, the metal’s own oxide can act as a surfactant and allow the droplet to spread. In collaboration with Michael Dickey’s lab (NCSU Chemical Engineering), we have been characterizing a new class of fingering instabilities that appear as a result of these oxides. Intriguingly, while the production of a small amount of oxide can lead to fractal patterns (shown at left), thicker layers of oxide impede spreading by creating a crust that resists spreading. Controlling the competition between surface tension and oxidative (compressive) stresses is important for the development of reconfigurable electronic, electromagnetic, and optical devices that take advantage of the metallic properties of liquid metals.
Biological and polymeric materials with low Young’s modulus are soft enough that capillary forces play a significant role in defining their shape and dynamics. We aim to quantify the nature of the contact line forces between fluids and soft (gel) substrates by directly measuring internal strains in response to external forces and fluids. This work is done in close collaboration with Aaron Bardall and Michael Shearer (NCSU Math) Current researchers: Shih-Yuan Chen

Wetting phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and technology. A solid substrate exposed to the environment is almost invariably covered by a layer of fluid material. In this review, the surface forces that lead to wetting are considered, and the equilibrium surface coverage of a substrate in contact with a drop of liquid. Depending on the nature of the surface forces involved, different scenarios for wetting phase transitions are possible; recent progress allows us to relate the critical exponents… Expand
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Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
The Young’s contact angle gives a notion of wettability when a liquid wets and spreads on a solid surface. However, it is also a source of arguments and controversies in the literature. The objective … Expand
The European physical journal. E, Soft matter
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
Abstract Controlling the motion of liquid drops in contact with a solid surface has broad technological implications in many different areas ranging from textiles to microfluidics and heat … Expand
Wetting is a prerequisite for coating a uniform layer of liquid onto a solid. Wetting failure and air entrainment set the ultimate limit to coating speed. It is well known in the coating art that … Expand
The spread of a fluid on a flat surface has been the subject of intense research for a number of decades, having importance in surface treatment technologies, porous media flow, and common naturally … Expand
View 6 excerpts, cites background and methods
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
SORT BY Relevance Most Influenced Papers Recency
Journal of colloid and interface science
When a liquid droplet is put onto a surface, two situations distinguishable by the contact angle may result. If the contact angle is zero, the droplet spreads across the surface, a situation referred … Expand
If a rough surface is put in contact with a wetting liquid, the roughness may be spontaneously invaded depending on the surface pattern and the wetting properties of the liquid. Here, we study the … Expand
The authors review the wetting and spreading properties of simple liquids on solid surfaces, putting emphasis on the role of the heterogeneities of the solid surface and on the spreading kinetics. In … Expand
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Experimental methods allow the shape 1, 2 and chemical composition 3 of solid surfaces to be controlled at a mesoscopic level. Exposing such structured substrates to a gas close to coexistence with … Expand
Advances in colloid and interface science
Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
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A drop, placed on a substrate which it wets, spreads out to form a film. Conversely, a nonwetted substrate previously covered by a film dewets upon an appropriate change of system parameters.
Wetting and spreading Daniel Bonn, Jens Eggers, Joseph Indekeu, Jacques Meunier, and Etienne Rolley Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 739 - Published 27 May 2009 PDF HTML Export Citation Abstract Wetting phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and technology. A solid substrate exposed to the environment is almost invariably covered by a layer of fluid material.
Wetting and spreading , the subject of which is a fundamental pillar of colloid and interface science, are fundamental processes which occur in a wide variety of natural and industrial settings.
Wetting and Spreading - Daniels Lab Wetting and Spreading Fingering and Fractals in Liquid Metals Show Less Liquid metals are known for their high surface tension. Nonetheless, by applying a small voltage to Gallium-Indium droplets in solution, the metal's own oxide can act as a surfactant and allow the droplet to spread.
The spreading dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids, in wetting and dewetting modes, plays a key role in numerous applications in particular in coating, adhesive bonding, and printing. The very common… 71 Molecular layering in the spreading of wetting liquid drops F. Heslot, N. Fraysse, A. Cazabat Physics Nature 1989
the equilibrium thickness of wetting ﬁlms, and are be-lieved to be important for the way ﬂuids spread over a solid surface. Both van der Waals and electrostatic forces determine the stability of soap ﬁlms Vrij, 1966 . Indeed, wetting and spreading are of key importance for many applications. At large scales, wetting or non-
Wetting is determined by the equilibrium contact angle, θ. Low values of θ indicate a strong liquid-solid interaction such that the liquid tends to spread on the solid, or wets well, while high θ values indicate weak interaction and poor wetting . If θ is less than 90°, then the liquid is said to wet (or sometimes partially wet) the solid.
Kinetics of Wetting and Spreading of Droplets over Various Substrates There has been a substantial increase in the number of publications in the field of wetting and spreading since 2010. This increase in the rate of publications can be attributed to the broader application of wetting phenomena in new areas.
To date, although the wetting mechanism and limiting factors of the spreading dynamics can be established a closely connection, but these two have no absolute corresponding relationship, even sometimes are completely independent. The wetting and spreading behaviors at high temperatures are the opposite of those at room temperature.
Wetting refers to the study of how a liquid deposited on a solid (or liquid) substrate spreads out. Understanding wetting enables us to explain why water spreads readily on clean glass but no on a plastic sheet. (i) Example: 'Total wetting' vs. 'Non- wetting' When a drop is placed down on very clean glass, it spreads completely.
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