Wallpaper
Wallpaper is a material used for interior decoration to decorate the interior walls of houses and public buildings. It is usually sold in rolls and placed on the wall using wallpaper paste. Wallpaper can be a simple "substrate" (so that it can be painted or help to cover uneven surfaces and minor imperfections of the walls, thus creating a better surface), textured (as an anaglypt), with a pattern of regular repetition, or, rarely, it happens today, with a large, repetitive design that carries many sheets. The smallest rectangle that can lay out a tile and form a whole pattern is known as a duplicate pattern.
Wallpaper printing techniques include surface printing, gravure printing, screen printing, rotary printing and digital printing. The wallpaper is made in the form of a long roll that hangs vertically on the wall. Patterned wallpaper is designed in such a way that the pattern is “repeated” so that cut pieces of the same roll can be hung side by side, so that the connection between these two pieces can be made with the pattern is not easy to understand. Continued. In the case of large complex image samples this is usually achieved by starting the second half in half along the entire length, so that when the folding pattern is repeated every 24 inches, the next piece rolls sideways from the roll to start the first pattern 12 inches down. The number of horizontal repetitions of the pattern during cheating is not important. [1] One sample can be exported in several different colors.
Basic historical techniques: hand painting, wood printing (usually the most common), mold making and various types of machine printing. The first three - until 1700. [2]
Wallpaper using woodcut techniques became popular among newly emerging tribes in Renaissance Europe. Social elites, as in the Middle Ages, hung large tapestries on the walls of their homes. These tapestries add color to the room and also create a layer of insulation between the stone walls and the room, thus keeping the heat in the room. However, the tapestry was very expensive, so only very wealthy people could afford it. Less affluent members could not buy tapestries because of prices or wars that hindered international trade, and turned to wallpaper to decorate their rooms.
Early wallpapers saw scenes similar to those depicted on carpets, and large sheets of paper were sometimes hung freely on tapestry-style walls and sometimes pasted, as they are today. Were. The print was often pasted on the walls rather than framed and hung, and the largest print size on several pages was probably intended primarily for wall mounting. Some important artists made such works - especially Albrecht Dürer, who worked on both large prints and decorative prints - for sconces. The largest print was the Arc de Triomphe, commissioned by Maximilian I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and completed in 1515. This large size was 3.57 by 2.95 meters, consisted of 192 sheets, and in the first edition 700 copies were printed, after they had been painted by hand, hung in palaces and especially in town halls.
Very few prototypes of repetitive wallpaper, but there are many original prints that are often engraved in repetitive or repetitive decorative patterns. They are called decorative prints and, among other things, are intended as models for wallpaper manufacturers.
Britain and France were the leaders in the production of European wallpaper. One of the first known examples is the one found on a wall in England and printed on the back of the London Declaration of 1509. After the eighth excommunication of the Catholic Church, it became very popular in England - the English aristocracy always imported tapestries from Flanders and Flanders. Aras, but the eighth artistic split with the Catholic Church led to the collapse of trade with Europe. When there was no tapestry in Britain, British gentlemen and aristocrats turned to wallpaper.
During the period of defense under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, the production of wallpaper stopped, which the Puritan government considered unusual. After the restoration of Charles II, wealthy people across Britain again demanded wallpaper - the Puritan regime of Cromwell imposed a repressive and restrictive culture on people, and after his death wealthy people began to buy convenient household appliances that were in government. The Puritan was banned.