WILSON COMPTON ACADEMIC
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Arthur ComptonArthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) was an American particle physicist who won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation. It was a sensational discovery at the time: the wave nature of light had been well-demonstrated, but the idea that light had both wave and particle properties was not easily accepted. He is also known for his leadership over the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago during the Manhattan Project, and served as chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis from 1945 to 1953. In 1919, Compton was awarded one of the first two National Research Council Fellowships that allowed students to study abroad. He chose to go to the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he studied the scattering and absorption of gamma rays. Further research along these lines led to the discovery of the Compton effect. He used X-rays to investigate ferromagnetism, concluding that it was a result of the alignment of electron spins, and studied cosmic rays, discovering that they were made principally of positively charged particles. During World War II, Compton was a key figure in the Manhattan Project that developed the first nuclear weapons. His reports were important in launching the project. In 1942, he became a member of the executive committee, and then head of the "X" projects overseeing the Metallurgical Laboratory, with responsibility for producing nuclear reactors to convert uranium into plutonium, finding ways to separate the plutonium from the uranium and to design an atomic bomb. Compton oversaw Enrico Fermi's creation of Chicago Pile-1, the first nuclear reactor, which went critical on December 2, 1942. The Metallurgical Laboratory was also responsible for the design and operation of the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Plutonium began being produced in the Hanford Site reactors in 1945. After the war, Compton became chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis. During his tenure, the university formally desegregated its undergraduate divisions, named its first female full professor, and enrolled a record number of students after wartime veterans returned to the United States.
Ivy Compton-BurnettDame Ivy Compton-Burnett, (; 5 June 1884 – 27 August 1969) was an English novelist, published in the original editions as I. Compton-Burnett. She was awarded the 1955 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for her novel Mother and Son. Her works consist mainly of dialogue and focus on family life among the late Victorian or Edwardian upper middle class.
C. T. R. WilsonCharles Thomson Rees Wilson (14 February 1869 – 15 November 1959) was a Scottish meteorologist and particle physicist who shared the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics with Arthur Compton for his invention of the cloud chamber.
Karl Taylor ComptonKarl Taylor Compton (September 14, 1887 – June 22, 1954) was an American physicist and president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1930 to 1948. Compton built much of MIT's modern research enterprise, including systems for technology transfer and federal government research partnerships that became central to United States science and technology policy. An accomplished professor of nuclear physics at Princeton, Compton was recruited to MIT to promote basic science programs to complement MIT's existing emphasis on vocational training. He consolidated departments into a School of Science, invested in major research projects, and increased faculty autonomy from industry. Along with MIT Chancellor Vannevar Bush, Compton encouraged close connections to the U.S. government's scientific and military apparatus and advocated for federal funding of basic research. These efforts substantially expanded graduate research programs, and his introduction of loan-based financial aid increased undergraduate enrollment. During Compton's years at MIT, students increased 60 percent, employment tripled, and the Institute budget grew twelve-fold. Compton promoted new methods to bring research discoveries into commercial use. He devised a model for licensing patents from MIT research, which was widely copied by other universities. To support the transition of basic research to high-tech industries, he later co-founded the American Research and Development Corporation, the first modern venture capital fund. Over his career, he wrote and spoke widely about the roles of science and research in economic progress. Compton led many federal government initiatives to reform military research and development. He was among President Franklin Roosevelt's original appointees to the National Defense Research Committee. His division oversaw the formation of the MIT Radiation Lab and the development of fire control and radar, innovations which gave significant tactical advantages to Allied forces. He led the "Compton Radar Mission" to the United Kingdom and became the scientific advisor to General MacArthur in the Pacific theatre. Returning to the presidency briefly after the war, Compton left MIT to lead a reorganization and expansion of Department of Defense research programs. He also ventured into major public questions about the military: he was among the first to publicly argue that dropping the atomic bomb spared Japanese and American lives. At President Truman's request, he led a commission report recommending universal military service. Compton was the founding chairman of the American Institute of Physics, president of the American Society for Engineering Education and a board member at the Ford, Rockefeller, and Sloan Foundations, as well as several other organizations. On his death at age 66, Caltech president Lee DuBridge wrote that "the world had lost one of its greatest scientists, educators, and public servants."
Wilson Martindale ComptonWilson Martindale Compton (October 15, 1890 – March 7, 1967) was a long-time trade association executive for the timber industry and also the fifth president of the State College of Washington, now Washington State University.
Centennial High School (Compton, California)Centennial High School is a public high school in Compton, California, operating as part of the Compton Unified School District. Construction of Centennial High School began in 1953, and it was erected in 1954, with its first graduating class in 1954. It is the smallest of the three high schools in the Compton Unified School District, which also includes Compton High School and Manuel Dominguez High School.
Wilson Compton (academic)Wilson M. Compton is the deputy director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Before being appointed to this position in 2013, he was the director of the NIDA's Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research since 2002. He has also served as a member of the DSM-5 Task Force and the Substance Use Disorders Workgroup. Before joining NIDA, he was an associate professor of psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine and the medical director of addiction services at Barnes-Jewish Hospital.
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