Vpn Virtual Private Network

Vpn Virtual Private Network
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Virtual Private Network (VPN) | An Introduction
Difficulty Level :
Easy Last Updated :
08 Jul, 2022
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VPN stands for the virtual private network. A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that creates a safe and encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the internet. A Virtual Private Network is a way to extend a private network using a public network such as the internet. The name only suggests that it is a Virtual “private network” i.e. user can be part of a local network sitting at a remote location. It makes use of tunneling protocols to establish a secure connection.
Lets understand VPN by an example:
Think of a situation where corporate office of a bank is situated in Washington, USA. This office has a local network consisting of say 100 computers. Suppose other branches of the bank are in Mumbai, India, and Tokyo, Japan. The traditional method of establishing a secure connection between head office and branch was to have a leased line between the branches and head office which was a very costly as well as troublesome job. VPN lets us overcome this issue in an effective manner.
VPN is well exploited all across the globe
We will explain to you with an example. Suppose we are using smartphones regularly. Spotify-a Swedish music app which is not active in India But we are making full use of it sitting in India. So how ?? VPN can be used to camouflage our geolocation.
Now we typed “what is my IP address”? Amazingly the IP address changed to 45.79.66.125 which belongs to the USA And since Spotify works well in the US, so we can use it now being in India (virtually in the USA). Is not that good? obviously, it is very useful.
IP address changed to an IP address belonging to USA
Using VPN is legal in most of the countries,. The legality of using a VPN service depends on the country and its geopolitical relations with another country as well. A reliable and secure VPN is always legal if you are not intended to use it for any illegal activities like committing fraud online, cyber theft, or in some countries downloading copyrighted content.
China has decided to block all VPN(Virtual private network)s by next year, as per the report of Bloomberg. Many Chinese Internet users use VPNs to privately access websites that are blocked under China’s so-called “great firewall”. This is done to avoid any information leakage to rival countries and so as to tighten the information security.
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Virtual Private Network (VPN)

© 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Securely Connecting Offices, Users,
and Partners
A virtual
private network (VPN) helps organizations securely
and cost-effectively extend connectivity and
improve speed.
A VPN (virtual private network) is a private network
constructed within a public network infrastructure,
such as the global Internet. Businesses can use a VPN
to securely connect remote offices and remote users
using cost-effective, third-party Internet access,
instead of expensive, dedicated WAN links or long-distance
remote dial links.
Organizations can use a VPN to reduce WAN bandwidth
costs, while increasing connectivity speeds by using
high-bandwidth Internet connectivity, such as DSL,
Ethernet, or cable.
A VPN provides the highest possible level of security
through encrypted IP Security (IPsec) or Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) VPN tunnels and authentication technologies.
These protect data traversing the VPN from unauthorized
access. Companies can take advantage of the easy-to-provision
Internet infrastructure of the VPN to quickly add new
sites or users. They can also dramatically increase
VPN reach without significantly expanding infrastructure.
A VPN Extends Security for Remote Users
An SSL VPN and an IPsec VPN have become the primary
VPN solutions for connecting remote offices, remote
users, and business partners, because they:
The two types of encrypted VPNs are:

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Brown University's Virtual Private Network (VPN) connects you to the Brown network when you're off campus. You might use VPN because:
If you are eligible for VPN (Brown faculty / staff / students / some affiliates), you can connect in one of two ways: by downloading the VPN client from Brown's software page (recommended) or visiting http://vpn.brown.edu using a supported browser (not recommended - only use if your system does not support the software).
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extension of a private network across a public one
"VPN" redirects here. For other uses, see VPN (disambiguation) .
For commercial services, see VPN service .
This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Virtual private network" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( May 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

^ "What Is a VPN? - Virtual Private Network" . Cisco . Retrieved 5 September 2021 .

^ Mason, Andrew G. (2002). Cisco Secure Virtual Private Network . Cisco Press. p. 7 . ISBN 9781587050336 .

^ "Virtual Private Networking: An Overview" . TechNet . Microsoft Docs . 4 September 2001 . Retrieved 7 November 2021 .

^ Davies, Joseph (July 2007). "IPv6 Traffic over VPN Connections" . The Cable Guy . TechNet Magazine . Retrieved 7 November 2021 – via Microsoft Docs . {{ cite magazine }} : External link in |department= ( help )

^ RFC 3809 - Generic Requirements for Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks . sec. 1.1. doi : 10.17487/RFC3809 . RFC 3809 .

^ RFC 6434 , "IPv6 Node Requirements", E. Jankiewicz, J. Loughney, T. Narten (December 2011)

^ "1. Ultimate Powerful VPN Connectivity" . www.softether.org . SoftEther VPN Project.

^ "OpenConnect" . Retrieved 8 April 2013 . OpenConnect is a client for Cisco's AnyConnect SSL VPN [...] OpenConnect is not officially supported by, or associated in any way with, Cisco Systems. It just happens to interoperate with their equipment.

^ "Why TCP Over TCP Is A Bad Idea" . sites.inka.de . Retrieved 24 October 2018 .

^ "Trademark Status & Document Retrieval" . tarr.uspto.gov .

^ "ssh(1) – OpenBSD manual pages" . man.openbsd.org .

^ c@cb.vu, Colin Barschel. "Unix Toolbox" . cb.vu .

^ "SSH_VPN – Community Help Wiki" . help.ubuntu.com .

^ Salter, Jim (30 March 2020). "WireGuard VPN makes it to 1.0.0—and into the next Linux kernel" . Ars Technica . Retrieved 30 June 2020 .

^ "Diff - 99761f1eac33d14a4b1613ae4b7076f41cb2df94^! - kernel/common - Git at Google" . android.googlesource.com . Retrieved 30 June 2020 .

^ Younglove, R. (December 2000). "Virtual private networks - how they work" . Computing & Control Engineering Journal . 11 (6): 260–262. doi : 10.1049/cce:20000602 . ISSN 0956-3385 .

^ Benjamin Dowling, and Kenneth G. Paterson (12 June 2018). "A cryptographic analysis of the WireGuard protocol". International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security . ISBN 978-3-319-93386-3 .

^ "Configuring PFC3BXL and PFC3B Mode Multiprotocol Label Switching" (PDF) .

^ E. Rosen & Y. Rekhter (March 1999). "BGP/MPLS VPNs" . Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). RFC 2547 .

^ Lewis, Mark (2006). Comparing, designing, and deploying VPNs (1st print. ed.). Indianapolis, Ind.: Cisco Press. pp. 5–6. ISBN 1587051796 .

^ Ethernet Bridging (OpenVPN)

^ Hollenbeck, Scott; Housley, Russell. "EtherIP: Tunneling Ethernet Frames in IP Datagrams" .

^ Glyn M Burton: RFC 3378 EtherIP with FreeBSD , 03 February 2011

^ net-security.org news: Multi-protocol SoftEther VPN becomes open source , January 2014

^ Address Allocation for Private Internets , RFC 1918 , Y. Rekhter et al. , February 1996

^ RFC 2917 , A Core MPLS IP VPN Architecture

^ RFC 2918 , E. Chen (September 2000)

^ Yang, Yanyan (2006). "IPsec/VPN security policy correctness and assurance". Journal of High Speed Networks . 15 : 275–289. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.94.8561 .

^ "Overview of Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPN)" . Secure Thoughts . Retrieved 29 August 2016 .

^ RFC 1702 : Generic Routing Encapsulation over IPv4 networks. October 1994.

^ IETF (1999), RFC 2661 , Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP"

^ Cisco Systems, Inc. (2004). Internetworking Technologies Handbook . Networking Technology Series (4 ed.). Cisco Press. p. 233. ISBN 9781587051197 . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . [...] VPNs using dedicated circuits, such as Frame Relay [...] are sometimes called trusted VPN s, because customers trust that the network facilities operated by the service providers will not be compromised.

^ Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP" , RFC 2661 , W. Townsley et al. , August 1999

^ IP Based Virtual Private Networks , RFC 2341 , A. Valencia et al. , May 1998

^ Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) , RFC 2637 , K. Hamzeh et al. , July 1999

^ Phifer, Lisa. "Mobile VPN: Closing the Gap" , SearchMobileComputing.com , July 16, 2006.

^ Willett, Andy. "Solving the Computing Challenges of Mobile Officers" , www.officer.com , May, 2006.

^ Cheng, Roger. "Lost Connections" , The Wall Street Journal , December 11, 2007.

^ Sowells, Julia (7 August 2017). "Virtual Private Network (VPN) : What VPN Is And How It Works" . Hackercombat . Retrieved 7 November 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b O'sullivan, Fergus. "VPN Myths Debunked: What VPNs Can and Cannot Do" . How-To Geek . Retrieved 16 January 2022 .

Italics indicates that maintenance of the tool has been discontinued. Category Commons
A virtual private network ( VPN ) extends a private network across a public network and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. [1] The benefits of a VPN include increases in functionality, security , and management of the private network. It provides access to resources that are inaccessible on the public network and is typically used for remote workers . Encryption is common, although not an inherent part of a VPN connection. [2]

A VPN is created by establishing a virtual point-to-point connection through the use of dedicated circuits or with tunneling protocols over existing networks. A VPN available from the public Internet can provide some of the benefits of a wide area network (WAN). From a user perspective, the resources available within the private network can be accessed remotely. [3]

Virtual private networks may be classified into several categories:

Typically, individuals interact with remote access VPNs, whereas businesses tend to make use of site-to-site connections for business-to-business , cloud computing, and branch office scenarios. Despite this, these technologies are not mutually exclusive and, in a significantly complex business network, may be combined to enable remote access to resources located at any given site, such as an ordering system that resides in a data center.

VPN systems also may be classified by:

VPNs cannot make online connections completely anonymous, but they can increase privacy and security. To prevent disclosure of private information or data sniffing , VPNs typically allow only authenticated remote access using tunneling protocols and secure encryption techniques.

Secure VPN protocols include the following:

Tunnel endpoints must be authenticated before secure VPN tunnels can be established. User-created remote-access VPNs may use passwords , biometrics , two-factor authentication or other cryptographic methods. Network-to-network tunnels often use passwords or digital certificates . Depending on the VPN protocol, they may store the key to allow the VPN tunnel to establish automatically, without intervention from the administrator. Data packets are secured by tamper proofing via a message authentication code (MAC), which prevents the message from being altered or tampered without being rejected due to the MAC not matching with the altered data packet.

Tunneling protocols can operate in a point-to-point network topology that would theoretically not be considered a VPN because a VPN by definition is expected to support arbitrary and changing sets of network nodes. But since most router implementations support a software-defined tunnel interface, customer-provisioned VPNs often are simply defined tunnels running conventional routing protocols.

Depending on whether a provider-provisioned VPN (PPVPN) operates in Layer 2 (L2) or Layer 3 (L3), the building blocks described below may be L2 only, L3 only, or a combination of both. Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) functionality blurs the L2-L3 identity. [18] [ original research? ]

RFC 4026 generalized the following terms to cover L2 MPLS VPNs and L3 ( BGP ) VPNs, but they were introduced in RFC 2547 . [19] [20]

A device that is within a customer's network and not directly connected to the service provider's network. C devices are not aware of the VPN.

A device at the edge of the customer's network which provides access to the PPVPN. Sometimes it is just a demarcation point between provider and customer responsibility. Other providers allow customers to configure it.

A device, or set of devices, at the edge of the provider network which connects to customer networks through CE devices and presents the provider's view of the customer site. PEs are aware of the VPNs that connect through them, and maintain VPN state.

A device that operates inside the provider's core network and does not directly interface to any customer endpoint. It might, for example, provide routing for many provider-operated tunnels that belong to different customers' PPVPNs. While the P device is a key part of implementing PPVPNs, it is not itself VPN-aware and does not maintain VPN state. Its principal role is allowing the service provider to scale its PPVPN offerings, for examp
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