Влияние глобализации на семейный бизнес . Реферат. Английский.
⚡ 👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻 ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ДОСТУПНА ЗДЕСЬ ЖМИТЕ 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻
Вы можете узнать стоимость помощи в написании студенческой работы.
Помощь в написании работы, которую точно примут!
Похожие работы на - Влияние глобализации на семейный бизнес
Скачать Скачать документ
Информация о работе Информация о работе
Скачать Скачать документ
Информация о работе Информация о работе
Скачать Скачать документ
Информация о работе Информация о работе
Скачать Скачать документ
Информация о работе Информация о работе
Скачать Скачать документ
Информация о работе Информация о работе
Скачать Скачать документ
Информация о работе Информация о работе
Нужна качественная работа без плагиата?
Не нашел материал для своей работы?
Поможем написать качественную работу Без плагиата!
Assignment
for international business
Topic: “
Influence of globalization on a family business”
The influence of globalization on a
family business .
In our century everybody
are talking about the globalization and her influence of every aspect of our
life, in my assignment I am going to look on the influence of globalization on
a family business and if there is an influence, try to understand if it is more
positive or negative. At first we have to give the definitions what does the
globalization and family business mean.
There is no strong
definition about what does the globalization mean itself. See ap1 However we
can assume that the globalization is developing of market and economy involving
new members in this process. Now we should give the definition of a family
business and here we can see that there are a lot of definitions and a lot of
theories how we should look at this problem. See ap 2
Actually if we compare
two companies one is owned by a family, and the second one is just an average
one. We will see that there are not so many differences however there are some
particular problems in family owned companies. For example struggling over the
person who is making a decision and taking over of business see ap3. In this
work we will be looking at the whisky producing companies and see how
globalization deals with them
But to understand how
does the globalization influences family business and small companies we should
look at the instruments that globalization uses. There are three of them the
first one is WTO the second one is IMF and the third one is World Bank. “Look
at the three main institutions that govern globalization : the IMF the World
Bank and the WTO”1“ The IMF and the world bank become the new missionary
institutions, through which these ideas (free market) were pushed on the
reluctant poor countries that often badly needed their loans and grants”2 So
that give us the right to say that globalization was born in 1944 “When the
Bretton Woods Agreement was reached”3 and for Europe the main data was on 25
march 1957 year see ap 5 . . Nonetheless there are different interpretations
the main idea is that This organization was establish to protect the economy
from a crisis and also to make it more stability . Also we need to mention the
internet, because this is a part of globalization, may be not as strong as WTO
IMF and world bank but all in all it became the part of our life we do not even
mention how deeply it integrated in our life. And if when we say globalization
we usually mean economy in the case of internet we can talk about globalization
of information and cyber culture.
Now we shall look at
the relations between family owned companies and globalization. However as I
have already mentioned there are not so many differences between family
companies and average enterprises. And it is mostly impossible to look at all
family business companies because there are a lot of them and they go through
the globalization, it will be a mistake to compare a ford motor company to a
pub somewhere in Scotland. At the same time they both will be the family owned
companies. That was a reason why I decided to look at some Scottish whisky
producing companies.
As an example
of the company, I decided to take Scottish whisky distilleries owned by family
for example Glenfiddich
, , Cutty Sark , Springbank, etc. At first because these
are the typical family business companies and they also positioned themselves
in this way see ap 6. The second reason because the hole history of Scotland is deeply intertwined with a history of whisky, and also because Scotland has got the
absolute advantage in producing of uisge beata what means the water of life if
we translate it from Gaelic. Because according to a scotch whisky act only
whisky that were produced in Scotland might be called Scottish see app. 7. So
it is possible to call the whisky Scottish liquid gold because no country in
the world is allowed to produce this drink and the only way to buy a real
whisky-is to by a Scottish brand.
At first we
should look on globalizing processes through the lens of this distilleries. As
we already put the advantages that gives us economic union we can assume that
for companies that producing whisky these are very positive moments. Because
the inner British market is limited. And to be honest whisky it is not the
most popular drink in England however in Scotland itself the market is much
smaller. According to the data there are something around 6000 millions people
living in Scotland at the moment. And again nonetheless the Scottish
traditions are dying see ap 8, whisky is steel a traditional drink but Scotsmen
usually do not always drink this spirit, they keep a bottle of good whisky in
the cupboard and that’s all . As we understand it does not bring huge profit
to whisky makers. At the same time entering the economic union has given a huge
market for Scottish distilleries to conquer. At the same time if we compare
the situation on a Russian market we can see that the average difference in the
price of production is 2,5-3 times bigger in Russia than in Europe and of
course people do not by this spirits because of the price however if we were in
the union the price would fall down and we would be able to by this products
for normal price and again the distilleries will get the new market. And also nonetheless
the tradition of drinking whisky is dying in Scotland, at the moment, people
abroad can still bring profit to distilleries. Because the traditional way to
think that the real whisky can be made only in Scotland and people like to have
some noble traditional made drinks in their own bar. Or they (distilleries) can
position their product as a drink for cocktails Like Jack Daniels whiskey did,
and again make profit. The question is what marketing efforts do they
targeting see ap 9 what categories of customers the company singles out as the
main .So we can see now that globalization and entering the economic union
give the opportunity to the companies to sell their products on a new market
without any barriers from the national governments of other states. And the
only thing they have got to do now is just to make the good marketing
reserchment, advertising campaign and choose a good way of economic
development. However in a case of Russia they still have to deal with
protectionism. That prevent the company to develop on the market itself. And
also, we might look at these situation through the marketing point of view. As
we know if the company wants to be successful in selling it has to follow the
“four Ps” rule see ap 9. So now we can compare two countries one is an average European
country and another is Russia. And in this case we see that even if the company
makes everything right – promote the product in the market ,controls the
availability of the production in the shops it will fail in a question of a
price in Russia, and this “ P” will prevent the company from success. After
this case we can assume that this company would like Russia to enter at least
WTO so the producer could avoid a lot of problems with protectionism, having
his product cleared by the customs e.t.c.
As a second we
need to look at the second aspect of globalization. An this are shops that give
the opportunity to the companies to sell their products. Not the small shop on
the corner but the multinational big storages that supply
thousands of people with products. Imagine how is it easy now to make only one
agreement for example with spar and sell them your production. Unfortunately it
is hardly possible to find any information how many bottles is selling to
storages by for example Glenfiddich but we can assume that a lot or we can also
compare the quantity of bottles in the small shop and Tesco for example.
Usually in small shops there are from 2-3 bottles on the shelf however in Tesco
when I have asked if it was possible for me to by 20 bottles the manager
answered yes . At the same time if we think about how many agreements is
necessary to make with small shops to reach the same selling level we will
easily understand the positive things about these moment.
The next thing
we are going to look at is going to be internet. Because might be seen as a
globalization in the area of information. And again we can establish that
internet gives the big advantages for this companies. If we look particularly
at the Glenfiddich web site we will see the opportunity to by their products
from the internet some rare ad expensive products ( of course it is also possible
to by and average production). But not only can we buy the product we also can
read about it. And is not it god for a company to promote their product
avoiding big costs on doing it in different sources like TV radio and
newspapers. They steel must advertise their products but Now it is possible to
make a reference on a web-site and people will go there read the information
about the product and understand it. Using the interne they can keep in touch
with the customers, research the attitudes of their customers because if you
want to be register ,to get the last news from the company you have to go
through a questionnaire but even if you do not registry you still leave the
information about your age. It means that for the company it is easier now to
collect the data give it to the department of marketing and analyze it.
In the conclusion
we need to say that on the example of Scottish whisky distilleries there is a
positive influence of globalization on this particular family business however
we also need to mention that there are different types of family enterprises
and it is mostly to possible to apply my assignment in all the cases. In my
assignment we see that the globalization and entering the economic union
brought these companies to the opportunities to go further their own countries
and sell their products everywhere inside this union without any restrictions
and it means more customers and more customers means more profit and the more
profit company the better for the company. There are no evidences that might
bee interpret as negative influence. Starting from this we can assume that in
this area of family business globalization brings the positive aspects. And the
last thing about the family whisky distilleries- They are proud of being
traditional Scottish company that was founded by their family but they are
enjoining going global. But it might be fair only regarding to the companies we
have researched, because as I have already mentioned there is a big variety of
family business companies and if we look at the other companies the influence
of globalization might be different.
1) Joseph Stiglitz
,globalization and its discontents, penguin books 2002 page 10
1) Joseph Stiglitz
,globalization and its discontents, penguin books 2002 page 13
3) Michael R.Chinkota et
all, international business, 7 th edition, Thomson south-west 2005, page 230
Discussions
of definition of family business
1)”globalization
the process by which governments sign away the rights of their citizens in
favor of speculative investors and transnational corporations”1
a) A typical - but restrictive
- definition can be taken from the International Monetary Fund, [ citation needed ]
which stresses the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide
through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and
services, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread
diffusion of technology 1-a
b) Globalization –
the growing integration of economies and societies around the world 1-b
c) globalization refers to
fundamental changes in the spatial and temporal contours of social existence,
according to which the significance of space or territory undergoes shifts in
the face of a no less dramatic acceleration in the temporal structure of
crucial forms of human activity 1-c
d)“Globalization reflects
a business orientation based on the belief that the world is becoming more
homogeneous and that distinctions between national markets are not only fading
but, for some products, will eventually disappear . As a result, companies need
to globalize their international strategy by formulating it across markets to
take advantage of underlying market, cost, environmental, and competitive
factors.” Czinkota 380
“globalization is the
watchword that increasingly looms large in all walks of life, not only in our
entertainment, our fashion, and the products we buy, but also in our morals,
belif systems, and our very sense of being a human species. Foe the firs time
in history, the availability of international products and services has reached
beyond the elite to become the reasonable expectations of the masses. The
global market is inevitable, inescapable, and here.” Czinkota 18
“International business
consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national
borders to satisfy the objectives “ Czinkota 5 1-d
These examples show us that there are different points of view on the
globalization especially if we look into the antiglobalists web sites. But in
these sources usually there are a lot of emotions and very small knowledge
that’s why I do not bring here their opinion.
2)A Family Business. Litz
(1995) identified family businesses conceptually based on ownership, management,
and intention to transfer. He developed a nine fold typology of business types
and identified four of the nine business types as family businesses or
potential family businesses. Although his conceptual work further developed definitions
of family business, the definitions were not applied to empirical data. Handler
(1992) has identified four ways in which theorists usually define family
business: degree of ownership and/or management by family members, degree of family
involvement, potential for generational transfer, or multiple criteria.
3)There are two
particular things that single out the family business from other kind of
business. The first one is the struggling over the person who is making a
decision . And the second is the big problem about the overtaking the
business.
So there might be a
disagreement and even conflict about what decision to make based on a different
experience, education etc. However in a family owned company the situation when
a junior employee for example son has got a straight impact with the boss that
is also a his father is more likely to happen than in average company. “ My dad
is from the old school and I am from the new. I went out and bought business
cards, charging it to the business. He started giving me a stink about it. So I
paid it myself” page 59 Paul C Rosenblatt et al 1985 “The Family In Business
“ In This example we can see that not only is it a conflict but also a self
initiative order with money. It is an example that can prove us that junior
family members working in the family business might not observe hierarchy it
might lead to the situation when other workers will not respect the boss
because they might think that he is not confident -1anymore.
1-“It is difficult
to single out all criteria that makes a person the leader , however “ some
current selection criteria for senior management positions seem to reflect a
prevailing belief in some traits. Example include:1- the ability to solve the
problems and see how they fit into the wider scheme of things 2- a strong
desire to achieve.3-self confident and self – disciplined 4- the ability to
listen and to communicate effectively 4- stability of emotion and positive
attitude toward other members of the organization, especially subordinates 5-
analytical and intelligent ( but not to intelligent)” “Managing organizations”
Robert H Rosenfeld et al 1999 page198. And it might destroy an authority of the
Boss
However in the
average company (not family ) according to another case study we see the
different situation . If we look at Yue Gee Ling case we can see following
situation “ Gee Ling felt too junior to confront his bosses directly with his
criticism. Instead he decided on what he felt would be a more subtle approach”
page 2 Yue Gee Ling case University of Stirling Department of management and
organizations Hand Book. As we can see in the second example the behavior of a
junior manager is completely different and also we can not blame the cultural
factor in the Yue Gee behavior. Because nonetheless he is from Asia region he
studied in the UK. And also there is one more problem wherever you have got a
conflict with a member of the family either on work or inside the family it
will affect both things. And also it is more difficult to fire your relative
and especially the relative of your companion, because it might affect your own
relations and as the result business itself.
The
second thing we were going to look at was the take-over of the business. And
hear the situation is also different from the others companies. And the problem
is that in case of a family business the Boss usually wants his relatives to
run his company after him. But the difference between average company and the
family that in average company the control usually goes to the most clever and
experienced worker or other company buys it. However in the family business the
relative of the owner does not necessary the best candidate on this role. This
fact forces the leader usually father to educate his children by himself by
helping them and protecting. To be sure if they are not the best they are also
not the worst and when he leaves they will be able to run the company. “ Over
the next 25 years, his children joined the company and worked their way up through
the management ranks to join the board” “Great Scots in Family Business”
Chapter three page 29.
“ The
accountancy firm BDO Stoy Hayward estimates that just 24 per cent of family
business survive the hand over to a second generation, and only 14 per cent
make it to the third. One study of the sector blames the situation on “ failure
to manage the complex and emotion-laden issue of succession from one generation
to the next”” “Great Scots in Family Business” page 94.
5)”After the second world
war there was a reaction against the high tariff policy of the 1930s and
significant efforts were made to move the world back to free trade. World
organizations (like GATT and it’s successor WTO) have been developed to foster
international trade and provide a trade climate in which such barriers can be
reduced” 4
“ The IMF was charged
with preventing another global depression. It would do this by putting
international pressure on countries that were not doing their fair share to
maintain global aggregate demand, by allowing their own economies to go into a
slump. When necessary it would also provide liquidity in the form of loans to
those countries facing an economics downturn and unable to stimulate aggregate
demand with their own resources…. The IMF was founded on the belief that there
was a need for collective action at the global level for economic stability” 5
“ The IMF was
conceived in July 1944, when representatives of 45 governments meeting in the
town of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the northeastern United States, agreed on a framework for international economic cooperation. They believed
that such a framework was necessary to avoid a repetition of the disastrous
economic policies that had contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s.” 6
“On
march 1957 the governments of France, West Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg signed the Rome Treaty. In so doing they agreed to create what came
to be known as the common market or, more accurately, the European economic
community” -7 As we know there are different levels of “economic integration”
and by these agreement these countries made union that is known as “ Trading
Block”. “A trading block is a preferential economic arrangement among a group
of countries”-8 There are 4 forms of “ international Economic Integration”-
Free trade area “the least restrictive and loosest form of economic integration
among countries. In free trade area , all barriers to trade among member
countries are removed… Sometimes a free trade area is formed only for certain
classes of goods and services”-8 After free trade area goes the customs union “
one step further along the spectrum of economic integration, like the members
of free trade area, members of a customs union dismantle barriers to trade in
goods and services amongst themselves. In addition, however the customs union
establishes a common trade policy with respect to nonmembers”-9 the next stage
is “ common market …in addition (to customs union) however, factors of
production are also mobile among members. Factors of production include labor,
capital, and technology”-9 and the last stage is economic union “ requires
integration of economic policies in addition to the free movement of goods,
services, and factors of production across bordes”-9.
Abolition of
tariffs and Quotas among members
Abolition of
restriction on factor movements
Harmonization and
unification of Economic Policies and Institutions
A family-owned company
a)Glenfiddich was founded by William Grant in 1886 and is owned by the same
family today. We are one of only a handful of Scotch whisky distillers to
remain in family hands.10
b) Springbank Distillery is unique.
It is the oldest independent family owned distillery in Scotland. Founded in 1828 on the site of Archibald Mitchell's illicit still, the Springbank
Distillery is now in the hands of his great great grand son, Hedley G. Wright
11
To be called
Scotch whisky, the spirit must conform to the standards of the Scotch Whisky
Order of 1990 (UK), which clarified the Scotch Whisky Act of 1988, and mandates
that the spirit:
1.
Must be
distilled at a Scottish distillery from water and malted barley, to which only
other whole grains may be added, have been processed at that distillery into a
mash, converted to a fermentable substrate only by endogenous enzyme systems,
and fermented only by the addition of yeast,
2.
Must be
distilled to an alcoholic strength of less than 94.8% by volume so that it
retains the flavour of the raw materials used in its production,
3.
Must be
matured in Scotland in oak casks for not less than three years and a day, and
4.
Must not
contain any added substance other than water and caramel colour.
5.
May not
be bottled at less than 40% alcohol by volume. 13
No whisky
other than Scotch whisky may be made in Scotland
8)
There is a book where the author looks at the history of whiskys
describes the ways of making of this spirit etc . and he also write article
where he is describing the situation in Scottish culture and traditions “
Gaelic is dying steadily, there is more haggis consumed in London on one
particular night of the year , the tartan is worn not by the native working
Highlanders but by the shooting tenant or his kind, the majority of whom are
not Scots, and whisky is so dear that a working man can afford little more
than a smell of the cork. And as for what these things have ever done, they are
certainly doing one thing now with efficient dispatch and that is doing” 14
9)
“target marketing is thus defined as the identification of
the market segments that are the most likely purchases of a company’s products.
This idea of how companies target their marketing efforts was put forward by
Abell ( 1979) when he suggested targeting strategies based upon customer group
concentrations or customer need concentrations , or a combination of each” 15
it might be interesting to look at this point through 2 companies for example
famous grouse and Glenfiddich. In the first case the company positioned itself
as a qualified but blended whisky. So they are targeting people that will
drink quality product but they do not like straight whisky. Who can it be
everybody- the housewife adding the drop of whisky in the coffee in the
evening, young people mixing the whisky and coke etc. However in this part of
market they have the big competition with Jack Daniels whiskey because even
though jack Daniels is not a real whisky they have a really attractive price
comparing to Famous Grouse. In the case of Glenfiddich the market is targeted
is mostly the high price and quality whisky market. If we enter the Glenfiddich
web-site we will see that the most simple product they make is a 12 years old
whisky. And than they have 15,18,21, 30 years old whisky.(we are not talking
about special series like the serie of 1973 year) So this is a product for the
real experts in this spirit. And in this market they compete with all producers
of Quality whisky like Johnnie Walker for example. But the beggest competition
usually is about average the simple whisky they produce. Becouse when we talk about
old whisky we need to understand that they are very expensive for example the
30 years old Glenfiddich costs 129 pounds and people buying this whisky have already tried a lot and they drink one particular product because they like
exactly this product and they will not change their attitudes even if the
compotator will advertise his product non-stop. The only one thing that can
force a person to change his attitudes in this case is only if the quality of
the product he prefers will fall down. That’s why the companies like
Glenfiddich positioned themselves as company that produces whisky and follow
the traditional Family way in it. So they underline that even now they produce
the same product their family produced the century ago and also that the quality
is still as good as it was. On this example we can see how two companies
producing the same product, targeting the different market.
10)
“ the variables are what are termed “ the marketing mix”
which is a combination of all the ingredients in the “recipe” that is designed
to prove most attractive to customers. In this case, the ingredients are
individual elements that marketing can manipulate into the most appropriate mix
E.J McCarthy (see Kotler, 1977) further described the variables the company can
control in order to reach its target market as the “four Ps”…. 1)product 2)
Price 3) Place 4) Promotion” 16
1) Colin Hines, Localization a global manifesto, Earthscan
publications ltd 2000 page 4
1-a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization
1-b) http://www1.worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/
1-c) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/
1-d) R.Chinkota et all, international business, 7 th
edition, Thomson south-west 2005 page 380,
2)Litz, R. A. (1995). The family business: Toward definitional
clarity. Family Business Review, 8(2), 71–81.
Handler, W. C. (1992). Methodological issues and considerations
in studying family business. Family Business Review
3) page 2 Yue Gee Ling case University of Stirling Handbook;
Smith,
Maurice, 1960 - Great Scots in family business / by Maurice Smith . Glasgow : Lang Syne Publishers
for Scottish Enterprise,
1996 ” ;page 59 Paul C Rosenblatt et al 1985
“The Family In Business “
;“Managing organizations” Robert H Rosenfeld et al 1999
page198
4)Svend Hollensen, Global Marketing, a Market-responsive
approach, Prentire hall Europe 1998 page 156
5) Joseph Stiglitz ,globalization and its discontents, penguin
books 2002 page 12 6)http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/exrp/what.htm#created.
7)Denis Swann , The Economics of the common market Penguin
Books eight Edition 1995 preface
8) R.Chinkota et all, international business, 7 th edition,
Thomson south-west 2005 page 251
9) R.Chinkota et all, international business, 7 th edition,
Thomson south-west 2005 page 252
10) http://uk.glenfiddich.com/world/key_facts/index.html
11) http://www.springbankdistillers.com/springbank-whisky/about.php
12) http://www.cutty-sark.com/origins.htm
13 )http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch
14) Neil M Gynn, Whisky and Scotland, Souvenir press 1977 page 48
15) Geoff Lancaster and Paul
Reynolds, Marketing, Palgrave MacMillan, 2004 page 34
16) Geoff Lancaster and Paul
Reynolds, Marketing, Palgrave MacMillan, 2004 14
Bibliography
1)R.Chinkota et all, international business, 7 th edition,
Thomson south-west
2) Geoff Lancaster and Paul Reynolds, Marketing, Palgrave MacMillan
3) Neil M Gynn, Whisky and Scotland, Souvenir press
1977
4) Denis Swann , The Economics of the common market Penguin
Books eight Edition
5) Joseph Stiglitz ,globalization and its discontents,
penguin books
6) Svend Hollensen, Global Marketing, a Market-responsive
approach, Prent
Похожие работы на - Влияние глобализации на семейный бизнес Реферат. Английский.
Реферат: Рыночная атрибутика товара, её характеристика
Реферат Физическая Культура Ведущий Фактор Здоровья Школьников
Реферат по теме Действия караулов и подразделений по конвоированию при происшествиях и чрезвычайных обстоятельствах
Реферат На Тему Аналитическая Психология К. Юнга И Коллективное Безсознательное
Дипломная Работа Слайды
Контрольная работа по теме Компьютерные вирусы. Методы и средства защиты
Курсовая Работа На Тему Постсоветский Период Историографии Российского Революционного Терроризма
Курсовая работа: Определение прибыли и рентабельности колбасы с сорбитом первого сорта
Реферат по теме Філософські засади теорії нації (Міхновський, Донцов, Сціборський, Липинський)
Дипломная работа: Кредитная политика коммерческого банка на примере ОАО "Восточный экспресс банк"
Как Оформить Конец Реферата
Контрольная работа по теме Правовое регулирование в области защиты прав потребителей
Конституционные Права И Обязанности Граждан Рф Реферат
Сочинение Рассуждение Золотая Осень
Контрольная Работа По Теме Союз 7 Класс
Егэ Русский Язык 2022 Написание Сочинения
Лфк При Беременности Реферат
Контрольная работа по теме Международный менеджмент: сущность, структура, особенности развития
Курсовая работа: Порядок формирования в бухгалтерском учете показателей, характеризующих изменение собственного капитала организации
Реферат: Economic Sanctions Essay Research Paper Economic sanctions
Реферат: Review Of The Spanish Frontier In North
Курсовая работа: Сельское хозяйство России: проблемы и перспективы
Курсовая работа: Защита интересов ответчика в гражданском процессе