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The municipality—which comprises not only the city but also the mainly agricultural lands of 63 villages around—is the largest in the Basque Country, with a total area of Vitoria-Gasteiz is a dynamic city with strengths in healthcare , aeronautics , the automotive industry , and viticulture. It is consistently ranked as one of the 5 best places to live in Spain, ranking highly in quality of life and business opportunities , it is the first Spanish municipality to be awarded the title of European Green Capital in and it has been also recognized by the UN with the Global Green City Award in The old town has some of the best preserved medieval streets and plazas in the region and it is one of very few cities with two cathedrals. It was a pivotal point in the Peninsular War , and a precursor to the expulsion of the French army from Spain. A memorial statue can be seen today in Virgen Blanca Square. The official name of Vitoria-Gasteiz is a compound name of its traditional names in Spanish and Basque , respectively. By inhabitants, it is still generally referred to as either Vitoria or Gasteiz , depending on the language spoken. More rarely, it may be referred to by Basque speakers as Vitorixe , a Basque form of the Spanish name. In AD, the Visigoth king Liuvigild founded the city of Victoriacum, trying to emulate the Roman foundations, as a celebration of the victory against the Vascones near what is assumed to be the hill occupied by the primitive village of Gasteiz. This however is not sufficiently proven, and some historians and experts believe that Victoriacum was located not on the site of present-day Vitoria-Gasteiz but nearby. Veleia is located some 11 km north of modern Vitoria, on the banks of the same river. However, modern archeological studies of the site suggest that Veleia was last inhabited c. The town of Armentia , nowadays in the outskirts of Vitoria, has also been proposed as a possible location of Victoriacum. In , Sancho the Wise, King of Navarre founded the town of Nova Victoria as a defensive outpost on top of a hill at the site of the previous settlement of Gasteiz. The existence of Gastehiz , apparently inhabited by vasconic people, \\\\\\\[7\\\\\\\] can be traced back to the lower Middle Ages; it is certain that by the 11th century, prior to the foundation of Nova Victoria , the settlement was already walled. It is assumed that Sancho the Wise gave the new city its name in memory of the old settlement of Victoriacum, which must had long since been abandoned. The town was progressively enlarged and in it was granted a city charter by King Juan II of Castile. The victory assured the eventual end of French control in Spain. There is a monument commemorating this battle in the main square of the city known as the Monument to Independence. Work began on the Institute for Middle Education in , with classes beginning during the —54 academic year. It is now current headquarters of the Basque Parliament and formerly the convent of Santa Clara. The Free University opened in the wake of the revolution of The university operated from , to just prior to the — term, largely because of the second Carlist War. The latter was also among the first teachers of Basque in Vitoria-Gasteiz as an off- syllabus subject. During the Spanish transition to democracy , the Church of St. Francis of Assisi was the scene of a police shooting on March 3, during a peaceful labour assembly. Under the orders of Interior Minister Manuel Fraga , the police shot tear-gas into the church where 5, demonstrators and others had reunited, firing on them as they struggled their way out of the religious temple. It resulted in five dead and over one hundred wounded by gunshot. Winters are much cooler than in lowland coastal areas, whilst summers are similar in terms of high temperatures, with cool nights due to the elevation. Summers show a significant influence of mediterranean precipitation patterns, but enough precipitation usually occurs to remain marine in nature. Sunshine levels are low by Spanish standards and the climate is humid year-round. The municipality of Victoria has subsumed a number of rural villages, which are preserved as councils, retaining a certain degree of administrative autonomy. The current municipal council composition is as follows:. The economy of Vitoria-Gasteiz is diverse, and many manufacturing companies and logistic centers have operations there, including Mercedes-Benz , Michelin , Gamesa , and Heraclio Fournier , the latter being headquartered there. The city is often ranked as one with the highest standard of living among all cities in Spain, and first as to green areas \\\\\\\[21\\\\\\\] and cultural places per capita. San Prudencio Festival is also celebrated in late April.. The liberal arts section of the University of the Basque Country is based in the south part of the city. A number of other colleges and faculties were adopted in by the emerging University of the Basque Country. European University Gasteiz, a private initiative with a focus on health and sport sciences and new technologies, is expected to open in in the district of Salburua, after receiving official recognition from the Basque Parliament. In the urban area of Vitoria-Gasteiz there is modern and accessible-for-all public transport , in the form of trams and city buses. Vitoria-Gasteiz railway station is one of the main stops on the Madrid—Hendaye railway. Half a dozen trains each day link the city with Madrid , using Alvia trains on the AVE infrastructure to reach Madrid in 3 hours 43 minutes. There are also connections to Paris , Barcelona , Lisbon and Bordeaux. There is a complete lack of rail services to Andalusia and no direct rail link with Bilbao. A municipal tram service is operated by Euskotren Tranbia. However, work on this project has been slow and there is no date for its inaugural run. The Vitoria Airport is 4th in Spain in cargo traffic. Almost all passenger flights use Bilbao Airport 50 minutes away by car , which is the 2nd most important base for Vueling , with the second highest number of destinations offered and 4 million passengers traffic. From an urban point of view, Vitoria-Gasteiz is a mid-sized city, the line of which is adapted to the traditions of each historical moment. The walled enclosure was built prior to the war between Castile and Navarre in the 11th century to defend the village. The defensive walls of old Gasteiz were built between the years and Because of that first defensive role, its narrow streets surrounding the oval resulted in compact rows of houses parallel both to each other and the medieval walls of which only some sections and gates are preserved. In the 19th century, in recognition that the city was small, an expansion was planned in the neoclassical style, and little by little planning for the city has given Vitoria-Gasteiz its current form. Thus was born the Cathedral of Santa Maria, a fortress-like church that served as the entrance to the city. The project changed with the centuries, so that each modification was made without taking into account the previous. This was the case in the 15th century when the church became collegiate , and finally in the s, when it was decided to reverse the previous works of strengthening of the external walls and widen the windows, made purely for aesthetic reasons, which had severely damaged the stability of the building. Today, the cathedral is open again, and offers visitors guided trips exposing the recent archaeological findings. It has become one of the main attractions of Vitoria-Gasteiz. Ken Follett, author of 'The Pillars of the Earth', said after his stay in the city that Santa Maria was one of the three most interesting cathedrals of the world. From the Middle Ages to the 18th century, the population of Vitoria-Gasteiz and the layout of its streets remained almost unchanged. And it was not until the late 18th century, when growth required the expansion of the city outside. Finally, the new quarters of Vitoria-Gasteiz were built, in accordance with a development plan favouring parks, recreation areas and quality of life. The city of Vitoria-Gasteiz has received several international awards for its urban development. Also worth mentioning is the green ring, a network of parks and green spaces around the city, destined to be the lung of the future Vitoria-Gasteiz, and link the city with the countryside. Vitoria-Gasteiz is twinned with: \\\\\\\[25\\\\\\\] \\\\\\\[26\\\\\\\]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the Spanish city. For other uses, see Vitoria disambiguation. Municipality in Basque Country, Spain. Gasteiz Basque Vitoria Spanish. Coat of arms. Haec est Victoria quae vincit This is Victoria which triumphs. See why. January See also: Green Belt of Vitoria-Gasteiz. See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain. National Statistics Institute. New York: The Century Co. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Leovigildo: unidad y diversidad de un reinado. Real Academia de la Historia. Villimer: Vitoria, historia de una ciudad , p. The Spanish Civil War 50th Anniversary ed. London: Penguin Books. ISBN The Battle for Spain. Retrieved Consultado el 26 de abril de Juxtapoz Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 June Retrieved 16 October Government of Spain. Retrieved 30 May El Correo in European Spanish. Retrieved 17 November El Pais. Retrieved 16 January Gasteiz Hoy. Articles related to Vitoria-Gasteiz. Capitals of provinces of Spain. Capitals of autonomous communities of Spain. Concejos in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Cities in Spain by population. Madrid Barcelona. Complete list. Authority control. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons Wikivoyage. Flag Coat of arms. Motto s : Haec est Victoria quae vincit This is Victoria which triumphs. Basque Country. Gorka Urtaran Basque Nationalist Party. Basque : gasteiztar Spanish : vitoriano, vitoriana. Official website.

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