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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. The objectives were: a to establish cannabis use prevalence in university students; b to determine the changes in consumption of cannabis between prior to and during lockdown. Problematic consumption, gender, and age were taken into account to establish risk groups. The main form of consumption was spliffs The mean of spliffs consumed per day decreased during lockdown, but was only significant in male and in the group. This decrease was also significant for all three levels of CAST problematic use. Users with moderate addiction and dependence reduced their average number of spliffs consumed per day during lockdown to a greater extent than those without addiction. These findings establish target groups of prevention interventions in the university. This event could have led to a change in the patterns of cannabis use in the university population, which has a particularly high prevalence, ranging from Traditionally, the university stage coincides with a transition period that presents specific risk factors, such as the process of independence from the family nucleus Arias-De la Torre et al. Furthermore, drug use increases especially in university students who live in dorms or student flats, although the preferred place of consumption is at private parties Higuero, and certain festive events Buckner et al. In fact, the majority of the university population considers cannabis a very accessible substance Alvarez-Roldan et al. The measures used to deal with the COVID pandemic have caused multiple changes in the university student population in terms of life planning, social interaction, and exposure to unusual psychosocial stressors. However, the reality of university students is heterogeneous, and therefore so is their relationship with cannabis Hernandez-Serrano et al. It brings together people within a wide range of ages, some of whom must balance their studies with professional work or family Dutton et al. For example, what is the prevalence and type of cannabis use in the adult population that combines university studies with work and family responsibilities? This topic is not addressed in studies conducted with university students, so it becomes an invisible part of cannabis use reality in the university context, even though it should be taken into account within the preventive actions that are framed within Healthy Campuses. Another question that underlies the impact of the COVID measures is whether or not the non-attendance and restriction of festive events traditionally associated with the university context are environmental factors that are sufficiently determining to generate changes in the pattern of cannabis use. Or if these possible changes can be differentiated according to gender. For all these reasons, the objectives of this study were as follows: a to establish cannabis user prevalence in university students; b to determine the changes in the pattern of consumption of cannabis and derivatives between the period prior to and during lockdown. For both objectives, problematic consumption, gender, and age were taken into account to establish risk groups. This study is descriptive and non-probabilistic, and it uses convenience sampling. A battery of online surveys was used to collect and evaluate the variables under study. Sociodemographic variables were collected: gender male or female ; age, according to the age ranges established by the EDADES survey OEDA, 18—24 years, 25—29 years, 30—34 years, 35—44 years, 45—54 years, 55—64 years. The measurement of days of consumption per month during the last 6 months was used to obtain a representative frequency of consumption before the pandemic, using the alternatives of the EDADES survey OEDA, for consumption in the last 30 days. Likewise, consumption in the last 7 days from 0 to 7 days was used to establish the frequency of weekly consumption during lockdown. The average amount of consumption per day before the pandemic and during lockdown, regarding the consumption of the following: a spliff cannabis mixed with tobacco ; b joint cannabis cigarette ; c cannabis mixed with hashish; d CBD oil; e synthetic cannabis. It consists of six items that allow detecting patterns of cannabis abuse based on the frequency of experiencing each of the problems described. Data collection started on April 14th, , after the first 30 days of confinement measures, and it ended on May 29th, when the de-escalation measures started. The data collection strategy was based on a survey hosted on a web, posts on social media, and advertisements via e-mail and smartphone messaging applications. They were asked to give their consent to participate. Selection criteria were as follows: a age between 18 and 64; b explicit agreement to participate; and c properly filling out the survey. First, an analysis of the frequency of cannabis use before the pandemic and during the COVID lockdown was carried out. Subsequently, the average daily consumption of the cannabis mixture before and during the lockdown was compared according to gender and age. Additionally, several analyses of variance ANOVA were performed to study the effect of the interaction between the average consumption before and during lockdown and gender and age. A total of 8. The main form of consumption was by smoking spliffs Of these consumers, Regarding consumption during the last 7 days during lockdown, Among cannabis users, Table 1 and Fig. Distribution of the sample according to problematic consumption CAST , according to gender and age. No statistically significant differences were found in the interaction of daily spliff consumption before the pandemic and during lockdown according to gender F 1. Average number of spliffs consumed per day before the pandemic and during lockdown, according to gender, age, and level of problematic use CAST. Average number of spliffs consumed per day before the COVID pandemic and during lockdown according to gender. No statistically significant differences were found in the interaction of daily spliff consumption before the pandemic and during lockdown according to age F 4. Average number of spliffs consumed per day before the COVID pandemic and during lockdown according to age. The ANOVA revealed significant differences between the three groups of problematic cannabis use in their decreased consumption during lockdown F 2. However, the average number of spliffs consumed per day before the pandemic in the group that does not present addiction was lower compared to the other two groups that presented a pattern of problematic consumption F 2. The present study provides relevant information regarding cannabis use in the university population between 18 and 54 years of age, and the changes in the consumption pattern before the COVID pandemic and during the lockdown period. These findings offer a relevant gender perspective and new insight regarding the adult university population, avoiding the limitations of other studies with samples of only undergraduate students approximately between the ages of 18 and They also make it possible to establish groups that are more likely to develop problematic cannabis use and become the target of prevention interventions, early detection, and brief counseling in the university environment. The results indicate that only one in 10 university students had used cannabis before the pandemic or during the COVID lockdown. Of these, only a third did it daily or almost daily before the pandemic and approximately a fifth did so with that frequency during lockdown. Therefore, we can state that the measures against COVID decreased the daily cannabis user prevalence in university students, data that are in line with those found in the Spanish population by Balluerka et al. Regarding age, one of the novelties of this study has been to consider the university population aged over 30 years. Cannabis-using university students aged 30 years or older represent The analysis revealed that as the age range increased, problematic use of cannabis became less, the average number of spliffs consumed daily also being less, with the exception of the age range of 30— The highest prevalence of cannabis use is found in university students between the ages of 18 and 29, followed by 30— These same ages show a higher prevalence of consumers with moderate addiction and dependence. This has important implications. Dual cannabis-tobacco use has worse consequences both at the addiction level and in terms of its associated physical and mental health problems Davis et al. It is also related to the failure in the quitting process, with interventions to stop consumption aimed at both substances at the same time being more effective Rogers et al. With regard to the above, the average number of spliffs obtained with 1 g of cannabis before and during lockdown did not change. In other words, an effect of stretching the substance is not observed by increasing the amount of tobacco and decreasing the amount of cannabis in each spliff. So we can establish that the COVID measures only affected the pattern of spliff consumption, decreasing the average daily amount but not altering the percentages of cannabis-tobacco mixture, at least in the university population participating in this study. The relationship between both substances goes beyond concurrent use. In the sample of participating university students, eight out of 10 cannabis users had used nicotine products in the 6 months prior to the pandemic, and six out of 10 during lockdown. In short, there is a clear relationship between cannabis and tobacco use, consistent with current literature Jayakumar et al. Based on the analysis of the results according to gender, the prevalence of male university students who use cannabis In this sense, it is convenient to explore sociocultural factors that can explain this gender difference. Rodriguez et al. In addition, female present a higher risk perception regarding cannabis use Grevenstein et al. This finding is related to the average number of spliffs consumed per day before the pandemic and during lockdown, being higher in male M before 1. From these data, one could assume that the male group should be a priority in policies aimed at the prevention and care of cannabis use in the university environment. Consequently, despite the higher prevalence of cannabis users in university male than in university female, both groups require consideration as target groups for health policies in both face-to-face and online university campuses. In fact, significant differences were observed in the average number of spliffs consumed per day between male and female before the pandemic, but not during lockdown. It is worth asking whether the underlying causes of this finding are related to psychosocial stressors linked to a greater difficulty in reconciling work and family, which during lockdown affected female and male differently. Likewise, the measures against COVID favored the decrease in the average consumption of spliffs per day in the group of 18—24 years, being the only age group in which it decreased significantly. This may be due to the fact that younger university students, who study in person, tend to consume substances for social reasons Grant et al. Lockdown and restrictions on social contact drastically reduced the contexts of shared consumption, such as parties and other usual events in the university environment. Regarding the problematic use of cannabis CAST , it is clearly observed that the greater the problematic use, the greater the average number of spliffs consumed per day before and during lockdown. Likewise, it is clearly reflected in the data that the measures applied against COVID led to a significant decrease in the average number of spliffs consumed per day among all consumers. However, among those with problematic use both moderate addiction and dependence , the effect size of this decrease was greater than among non-problematic users. This finding has important health implications, given that it is regular or daily consumption that is associated with the majority of harmful effects Fischer et al. In other words, the lockdown situation, far from generating greater cannabis use, associated with the anxiety and stress of the situation, promoted a decrease in the average number of spliffs consumed. This fact may be influenced by other contextual variables associated with the availability, accessibility, and price of the substance Groshkova et al. In any case, this finding points to environmental prevention measures as key strategies in cannabis demand reduction policies. This is especially relevant in the global context of the debate on the legal status of cannabis and its liberalization for recreational use. The findings presented in this study reveal the differences in cannabis use in the university population according to gender and age. It seems of interest to analyze the consumption reasons according to both variables. Previous studies Alvarez-Roldan et al. Perhaps certain reasons are more present in one gender than the other, or in an age range, allowing to guide preventive interventions to approach these motivations for cannabis use. This work has several limitations. Although the sample with which the study was carried out is large, it is a convenience sample, without random selection or stratified sampling, so it is not possible to generalize the results obtained beyond this study. Furthermore, this fact is especially relevant if one considers that when speaking of the university population, the literature usually refers to young people between 18 and 30 years of age, and almost half of the sample is older. However, the novelty of this study lies precisely in the inclusion of this invisible university group in studies on cannabis use. This study did not distinguish between users with and without self-cultivation. Future studies could explicitly address the impact of the COVID crisis on cannabis use in self-cultivators, a process by which they have greater accessibility to the substance Isorna et al. It is important to point out that the pattern of dual consumption of cannabis-tobacco spliffs is widely extended in Spain and Europe compared to other geographies, such as the American continent, where cannabis consumption is mostly consumed by itself, without mixing it with another substance. Likewise, it would be relevant to have longitudinal data to establish whether the changes produced in relation to problematic cannabis use persist over time. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Int J Ment Health Addict. Find articles by Manuel Isorna Folgar. Accepted Dec This article has been corrected. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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Villa Nueva buying marijuana

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Villa Nueva buying marijuana