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All those video cables can get confusing. What is a VGA port? What is DVI? Learn the difference between video cable types.
As technology has progressed, so, too, have the cables we need for our devices. Even though many manufacturers are moving to wireless solutions, you'll likely always need some form of cable.
This is especially true for video devices. Televisions, monitors, and peripherals need a wide variety of cables and connections to work correctly. So, what are the differences between them all, and which ones do you need?
Let's take a look at some of the most popular video cable types and when you may want to use each one.
VGA stands for Video Graphics Array. The connection was developed by IBM in 1987, making it one of the oldest video connections still in use today. It was widely used for video cards, TV sets, computer monitors, and laptops.
VGA can support resolutions up to 640x480 in 16 colors, although you can increase the colors to 256 by lowering the resolution to 320x200. This is known as Mode 13h and is commonly used when booting your computer into Safe Mode. Mode 13h was often used for video games in the late 1980s.
VGA is capable of transmitting RBGHV video signals, which includes, Red, Blue, Green, Horizontal Sync, and Vertical Sync. The iconic blue adaptor comes with a screw on either side to secure the connection. The socket consists of 15 pins, arranged in three rows of five.
It has since been surpassed by digital connections like HDMI and DVI but is still popular thanks to the resurgence of retro gaming and its inclusion on cheaper monitors and displays.
The RCA lead is one of the most visually identifiable video cables. The red, white, and yellow plugs are synonymous with audio/visual equipment produced in the 1990s and early 2000s. It was also the primary connection for many games consoles, including the Nintendo Wii. Most televisions no longer support RCA inputs, but there are still plenty of ways to connect your Nintendo Wii to your TV .
The name doesn't refer to the technology itself, but to the company that popularized it, the Radio Corporation of America. The red and white connectors provide audio, while the yellow offers a single channel composite video.
When used together, the three cables transmit stereo audio with video up to 480i or 576i resolution. Just as with VGA, the once-popular RCA cable has been superseded by the digital DVI and HDMI connections.
The Digital Visual Interface, or DVI, was launched in 1999 by the Digital Display Working Group as the successor to the VGA cable. DVI connections can transmit uncompressed digital video in one of three different modes:
DVI-I and DVI-D can come in single or dual-link varieties. Single-link can support 1920x1200 at 60Hz while adding a second digital transmitter for dual-link means the resolution can be increased to 2560x1600 at 60Hz.
To prevent forced obsolescence of VGA devices, DVI was developed to support analog connections using the DVI-A mode. This meant that DVI connections and devices could be backward-compatible with VGA connections.
The most popular digital video connection is the High Definition Media Input, also known as HDMI. This proprietary interface was created by a group of electronics firms, including Sony, Sanyo, and Toshiba. HDMI connections transfer uncompressed video and audio to computer monitors, TVs, and DVD or Blu-ray players.
There have been many iterations of the HDMI standard to accommodate advances in technology. The most recent is HDMI 2.1, which was launched in 2017. Among other technical changes, this update improved support for 4K and 8K resolutions and increased the bandwidth of HDMI up to 48 Gbit/s.
Importantly, HDMI cables are backward compatible, so that you can use a cable with the latest features on older devices. The reverse is also true, meaning you can use an older cable on devices made to the HDMI 2.1 standard. This is useful, as the HDMI Forum previously ruled that no HDMI cables or devices can display which standard they were manufactured to, making it impossible to determine your setup's configuration.
HDMI uses the same video format standards as DVI, so the two are compatible through the use of an adaptor. As no signal conversion is necessary, there is no loss of quality either. Although, unlike HDMI, DVI does not support audio.
There are three commonly used HDMI connectors. Type A is the full-sized HDMI connection for use on TVs and home theater equipment. Mini-HDMI (Type C) is frequently used on laptops and tablets, while Micro-HDMI (Type D) is mostly used on mobile devices.
DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). DisplayPort can carry digital video and audio, making it functionally similar to HDMI. As of DisplayPort 2.0, these connections support resolutions up to 8K, High Dynamic Range (HDR) at higher resolutions, and better support for multi-display configurations.
However, HDMI and DisplayPort were designed for different markets. While HDMI is primarily for home entertainment, DisplayPort was designed for connecting computing devices to monitors.
Due to their similar functionality, it is possible to connect DisplayPort and HDMI devices together using a Dual-Mode DisplayPort adapter. DisplayPort operates using packet data transmission, most commonly used in Ethernet and USB connections. Thus, making it ideal for use in computing rather than home entertainment.
Thunderbolt is an interface commonly found on Apple computers, iMacs, and MacBooks. Intel developed the standard with support from Apple as a means to connect peripherals to your computer.
The connection made its debut with the launch of the 2011 edition of the MacBook Pro and is still commonplace on the company's hardware. If you own an Apple computer, it might be worth checking out the best Thunderbolt accessories for your Mac . Like other video connections, Thunderbolt cables integrate other technologies into a single device.
The connection combines PCI Express and DisplayPort, while also providing DC power, enabling up to six device connections on a single cable. To complicate matters, there is an overlap between Thunderbolt and USB Type-C. Thunderbolt specifications have been integrated into USB standards across the years.
With the introduction of Thunderbolt 3, all Thunderbolt cables share the same connector as USB Type-C cables. This means you can use the cheaper USB-C cable with Thunderbolt ports and devices. However, performance will be limited as USB-C cables don't support the same rates of data transfer or power.
When a new technology hits the market, manufacturers compete to make their version the global standard. This is why there are so many video cable connection types that are still in use today.
However, standardization is possible. In the mid-2000s, each cell phone would come with a proprietary charger. These days, it's almost guaranteed your smartphone will charge via a micro-USB or USB-C connector.
The same is true of video standards, where HDMI has become the most common connection. If you need a new cable, then consider one of the best HDMI cables for Smart TVs and displays .
James is an experienced technology journalist and was formerly MakeUseOf's Buyer's Guide Editor. His goal is to make tech accessible and safe for everyone. While graduated with a BEng in Mechanical Engineering, he's also passionate about mental health, sustainability, and music.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

^ "What is CVBS video format" . Google Groups . Archived from the original on February 20, 2022 . Retrieved February 19, 2022 .

^ Jump up to: a b settorezero.com - Cavo di collegamento video Commodore 64 / S-Video / Scart , 2008-01-29

^ "The PC video acronyms" . 070820 philipstorr.id.au

^ "Amiga video pinout" . pinouts.ru

^ 2560 × 1600 @ 60 Hz in theory, although few existing WQXGA device offers analog inputs (certain Barco projectors do)

^ Capable of higher on later Macintosh models if used with the right equipment, i.e. a DA15F to VGA converter coupled with a sufficiently capable analog display

^ Although YP B P R connections are theoretically capable of higher resolutions, resolutions above 1080p (1920 × 1080 @ 60p) are uncommon. Additionally, many devices limit YP B P R connections to 1080i (1920 × 1080 @ 60i) due to lack of encryption, allowing higher resolutions only via encrypted digital connections.

^ "Archived copy" . www.belden.com . Archived from the original on December 29, 2016 . Retrieved June 6, 2022 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )

^ "HDMI" . www.hdmi.org . Retrieved December 21, 2017 .

^ VGA pinout and signals @ pinouts.ru

^ "DisplayPort Technical Overview" (PDF). VESA.org. 10 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2012

Interface: PC System Design Guide
Connectors: TRS 3.5 mm
Interface: Balanced audio
Connectors: TRS 6.53 mm
XLR

Interface: S/PDIF
Connectors: RCA jack (coaxial)
TOSLINK (optical)
BNC
Interface: AES3 (AES/EBU)
Connectors: RCA jack
XLR
TOSLINK (optical)
BNC

Interface: VGA
Connectors: DB-15
DVI-A
Interface: Composite
Connectors: RCA jack yellow
Interface: S-Video
Connectors: Mini-DIN 4 Pin
Interface: Component
Connectors: RCA jacks × 3
Interface: Composite
S-Video , and Component
Connectors: VIVO using Mini-DIN 9 Pin

Interface: DVI
Connectors: DVI-I/DVI-D

Interface: HDMI
Connectors: HDMI connector
Interface: DisplayPort
Connectors: DisplayPort connector
Interface: HDBaseT
Connectors: 8P8C connector

This is a list of physical RF and video connectors and related video signal standards.

D-Terminal uses voltage levels to signal resolution .

720 × 576i @ 50 720 × 480i @ 59.94, 60
Used with PAL , NTSC or SECAM color.

SCART 21-pin (a.ka. Peritel), JP-21
SCART is a European "unified" A/V interface for bi-directional stereo audio, composite video and s-video , and unidirectional RGBS and data. YP B P R is also available in some non-standard set-ups via the RGB pins.

S-Video (a.k.a. separate video, split video, super-video, and Y/C)
1 Mini-DIN 4-pin, 1 Mini-DIN 7-pin, 1 Mini-VGA , 2 BNC , 2 RCA connectors , 8-pin DIN , [2] SCART 21-pin
The 4-pin mini-DIN that is most common in consumer products today debuted in JVC 's 1987 S-VHS . The 7-pin mini-DIN is commonly used on laptops. Used with PAL , NTSC or SECAM color. Where two connectors are used, they are labeled Chroma and Luma .

IBM PC, PC/XT, PC/AT and compatibles
Similar to SCART , but also includes a digital RGBI signal, Genlock clock, composite sync and +12/+5VDC power [4]

The VGA connector was Introduced with IBM x86 machines, but became a universal analog display interface. Display Data Channel was later added to allow monitors to identify themselves to graphic cards, and graphic cards to modify monitor settings.
Successor analog protocols include SVGA , XGA , etc. DVI is a more modern digital alternative. Where BNC is used, available as 3 connectors with Sync on Green , or 5 connector Red / Green / Blue / Horizontal Sync / Vertical sync.

Mac-DA15F and Sun - 13W3 were similar in capability to VGA. Some Sun machines used 4 or 5 BNC connectors to transfer video signal.

3 RCA or BNC connectors, Apple-AAUI , D-Terminal , SCART 21-pin
Almost a ubiquitous computer display link. Uncompressed video only. High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) encryption is optional.

Apple Inc. Macintoshes and monitors
Proprietary connector designed to combine DVI-I, USB, and monitor power

From 143 Mbit/s to 12 Gbit/s, depending on variant. 480i , 576i , 480p, 576p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p, UHDTV1,UHDTV2
Broadcast video. Variants include SD-SDI, HD-SDI, Dual Link HD-SDI, 3G-SDI, 6G-SDI, 12G-SDI. [8]
Many A/V systems and video cards (including motherboards with IGP)
20-pin (external) 32-pin (internal)

10240 × 4320 @ 60 15360 × 8640 @ 60 (version 2.0)
Apple Inc. Lenovo , HP , and Dell systems and monitors ATI RV670 based graphics cards and NVIDIA G92 graphics cards (both as OEM optional implementations)
DisplayPort introduced the 128-bit AES to replace HDCP . DisplayPort version 1.1 added support for HDCP .

A/V systems, data at 10.2 Gbit/s, power up to 100 watts
Machine vision and industrial cameras
Supports 20.83 Mbit/s uplink channel and power over the same coaxial cable

1920 × 1080 @ 60 3840 × 2160 @ 30 (version 3.0) 7680 × 4320 @ 120 (superMHL)

TV aerial plug (a.k.a. antenna plug)

Television antenna connection for most video devices outside North America. Used by early home computers and game consoles to connect them to TVs because of the lack of any other connector.

Generally not used in North America.

75 Ω for video signal (SDI and CoaXPress ) on, for example, RG59 and RG6 . 50 Ω for data link, like Ethernet on RG58 . 93 Ω on RG62 .

50 Ω (white/bottom row) and 75 Ω C connectors (red/top row)

GR connector ( General Radio connector)

Mostly seen on the company's test equipment.

Uniquely "hermaphrodite" connector, i.e. no male/female pairing. cf. Anderson connector

Used for most North American TV antenna connections, as well as satellite and cable systems worldwide. Also common in North America for early home computers and game consoles, older VCRs, RF modulators , and even CECBs due to lack of other connectors.

Once not used outside North America for TV antennas (except for satellite reception), but gaining acceptance elsewhere with advent of digital TV.

Mostly seen on professional quality VHF and UHF cables and equipment.

Generally 50 Ω but has been manufactured as 75 Ω; difference being thinner centre connectors; not reliably interconnected.

TNC connector (left), compared with BNC (right)

Used for older TV antenna installations in the US and various other countries worldwide. Current use generally limited to baluns to adapt 300 Ω twin-lead to/from 75 Ω F connector.

Replaced by F connector in North America and Belling-Lee Connector in other countries outside North America.

Despite its name, now most commonly seen on higher-power HF radio equipment, e.g. SSB transceivers. A popular choice for amateur radio enthusiasts.

VGA connector (DE-15 is a common variant.)

Became a nearly ubiquitous analog computer display connector after first being introduced with IBM x86 machines. Older VGA connectors were DE-9 (9-pin). The modern DE-15 connector can carry Display Data Channel to allow the monitor to communicate with the graphics card, and optionally vice versa. [10]

Being replaced by DVI from 1999 onward.

Obsolete; replaced by VGA and DVI. Same connector was used by 3Com for a redundant PSU on the 3300 switch family.

Digital Visual Interface (DVI). Five variants are: DVI-I single link, DVI-I dual link, DVI-D single link, DVI-D dual link, and DVI-A.

Male Mini-DVI plug on top of a 12-inch PowerBook G4; female port is second from left.

VGA , DVI , television . Apple Computer alternative to Mini-VGA.

Often now replaced by Mini DisplayPort.

Female Micro-DVI port (rightmost) on MacBook Air

twin DVI (for two monitors via an adapter cable)

HDMI connector plugs (male): Type D (Micro), Type C (Mini), and Type A.

High definition digital video devices ( HDMI protocol)

Electrically compatible with DVI-D and DVI-I, but not DVI-A, using a simple adapter.

S-Video (separate video, split video, super-video, or Y/C)

Various systems and protocols - see Mini-DIN for details

Three RCA connectors - yellow for composite video , and white and red for stereo audio

Widely used in consumer electronics for audio and video.

A single connector must be used for each signal.

Consumer electronics , mostly in Europe. Carries analog stereo sound, along with composite video and/or RGB video. Some devices also support S-Video , which shares the same pins as composite video and RGB. YP B P R is also sometimes supported as a non-standard extension via the RGB pins.

Popular in Japan for analog high definition video . Available sizes are D1 through D5.

30 pin receptacle including the following electrical interfaces: 2-lane DisplayPort v1.1a, USB 3.0 , USB On-The-Go , Analog stereo line-out , HDMI CEC for remote control, high output power line from both host and portable device

Male Mini-VGA plug on top of an Apple laptop, female port is second from right.

Used for laptops, especially from Apple Computer and some from Sony .

Sony proprietary. Combines composite video , S-Video , RGsB / YP B P R (both use same pins) and stereophonic sound (two analog channels).

Used for all analog audio and video out on the PlayStation line of home video game consoles (a few early original PlayStation models featured RCA-outs for composite video and stereo analog audio in addition to the AV Multi connector); not used on handheld PlayStation consoles or the PlayStation 4 .

VESA Enhanced Video Connector and VESA Plug and Display (a.k.a. M1-DA) both used this connector with slightly different pin assignments. These schemes combined VGA or digital video, audio, FireWire, and USB signals into a single connector.

Deprecated. Made obsolete by DFP and later DVI.

Apple proprietary. Combines Analog VGA out, stereo analog audio out, analog microphone in, S-video capture in, Apple desktop bus interface.

Proprietary connector used on Apple Macintosh Centris computers, and the Apple AudioVision 14 Display . An attempt by Apple to deal with cable clutter, by combining five separate cables from computer to monitor.

Used with the PanelLink digital video protocol.

Proposed to replace both DVI and HDMI. Deprecated by Intel in favor of DisplayPort .

3.5 mm ( 1 ⁄ 8 in) TRRS and TRS connector

Analog camcorders commonly use a 3.5 mm four-contact TRRS connector to carry composite video an
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