Victoria Summers Secretary

💣 👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻 ALL INFORMATION CLICK HERE 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻

Пользователи Твиттера узнают новости первыми.
Внимание! Этот профиль может содержать материалы деликатного характера
Вы видите это предупреждение, поскольку в твитах этого пользователя встречаются потенциально оскорбительные выражения или изображения деликатного характера. Хотите продолжить просмотр?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


^ Jump up to: a b c d "Former Chief Economists" Archived November 4, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , Data & Research office, The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ Jump up to: a b c d "Lawrence H. Summers" , World Bank Live, The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Lawrence H. Summers," Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ "Lawrence Summers (1999 - 2001)," U.S. Treasury Department, Last Updated: 11/20/2010, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ "Historical Facts" , Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ Listing Detail: "Lawrence H. Summers," Public Harvard Directory, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ Summers, Lawrence H. and John A. Haigh "From the Directors," About section, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ "Lawrence H. Summers" . Washington Post . Retrieved June 11, 2020 .

^ Plotz, David. "Larry Summers: How the Great Brain learned to grin and bear it." , Slate , June 29, 2001.

^ Summers, Lawrence Henry (1982). An asset price approach to the analysis of capital income taxation (Ph.D.). Harvard University . OCLC 9526217 – via ProQuest .

^ "Obama's LSE alumni" . London School of Economics . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .

^ "Victoria J. Perry, A Lawyer, Is Wed To an Economist" . New York Times . September 30, 1984 . Retrieved September 16, 2013 . Victoria Joanne Perry, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Perry of Ormond Beach, Fla., and Cape Rosier, Me., was married yesterday to Lawrence Henry Summers, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Summers of Merion Station, Pa. The ceremony was performed at the Harvard Club in Boston ...

^ "Victoria Perry to Wed L. H. Summers" . The New York Times . June 10, 1984 . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .

^ Poterba, James M. (Winter 1995). "In Honor of Lawrence H. Summers, Winner of the John Bates Clark Medal" . Journal of Economic Perspectives . 9 (1): 165–182. doi : 10.1257/jep.9.1.165 . ISSN 0895-3309 .

^ Jump up to: a b "The 30 Most Famous Harvard Students Of All Time" . Business Insider . Retrieved August 7, 2017 .

^ "New ideas: The World Bank hires a famous contrarian," July 18, 2016, The Economist, retrieved March 31, 2017

^ Jump up to: a b c "Furor on Memo At World Bank," February 7, 1992, The New York Times, retrieved March 30, 2017

^ Office Memorandum from Lawrence M. Summers, Subject: GEP, the World Bank/IMFMIGA, 12 Dec 1991. This was an internal memo at the World Bank, not intended for the public -- reportedly sarcastic, rather than sincere, according to its authors -- that highlighted the economic logic of dumping waste in less-developed countries.

^ "Toxic Memo" . Harvard Magazine . May–June 2001. , also posted at: "Toxic memo" . HarvardMagazine.com. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008 . Retrieved November 8, 2017 .

^ A New Economic Team: The Nominee; The Administration's Fiscal Closer . The New York Times. May 13, 1999.

^ Bruno S. Sergi (2009). Misinterpreting Modern Russia . Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8264-2772-4 .

^ Naomi Klein, "The Shock Doctrine", p. 231

^ Blustein, Paul (2001). "The Chastening" . Public Affairs, New York. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010.

^ Blustein, Paul (2001). "The Chastening" . Public Affairs, New York. p. 232. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010.

^ Wampler, Robert (December 18, 2009). "Kyoto Redux? Obama's Challenges at Copenhagen Echo Clinton's at Kyoto" . National Security Archive at George Washington University . Retrieved April 10, 2010 .

^ Aides Say Clinton Would Veto Tax Compromise . The Washington Post. July 26, 1999.

^ Krugman, Paul (November 20, 2008). "California Energy Memories" . The New York Times . Retrieved April 4, 2010 .

^ Gibney, Alex . "Larry Summers' Enron Problem" . The Daily Beast .

^ Jump up to: a b Labaton, Stephen (November 5, 1999). "Congress Passes Wide Ranging Law Repealing Bank laws" . New York Times . Retrieved March 25, 2009 .

^ Paletta, Damian (March 10, 2009). "Ten Questions for Those Fixing the Financial Mess" . Wall Street Journal . Retrieved March 26, 2009 .

^ "the warning" . Frontline /PBS . October 23, 2009 . Retrieved October 26, 2009 .

^ "CFTC Issues Concept Release Concerning Over-The-Counter Derivatives Market" . U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission . May 7, 1998 . Retrieved September 16, 2013 .

^ Summers, Lawrence (July 30, 1998). "Lawrence H. Summers Testimony" . Archived from the original on October 25, 2009.

^ Orrell, David (2010). Economyths : ten ways economics gets it wrong . Mississauga, Ontario : John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd . pp. 142–143. ISBN 9780470677933 . LCCN 2011286013 .

^ Michael Hirsh (February 20, 2009). "The Reeducation of Larry Summers" . NewsWeek . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .

^ Harvard's First Jewish President . The Harvard Crimson. March 8, 2006

^ Bombardieri, Marcella (June 6, 2006). "Some seek a scholar's return" . The Boston Globe .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Archive of: Remarks at NBER Conference on Diversifying the Science & Engineering Workforce" . Archived from the original on January 30, 2008 . Retrieved January 30, 2008 . . January 14, 2005.

^ Hedges, L. V., & Nowell, A. (1995). Sex differences in mental scores, variability, and numbers of high scoring individuals. Science, 269, 41–45.

^ Lehrke, R. (1997). Sex linkage of intelligence: The X-Factor. NY: Praeger.

^ Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. M. (2006). Study of mathematically precocious youth after 35 years. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 316–345.

^ Summers' Remarks on Women Draw Fire . The Boston Globe. January 17, 2005

^ Saletan, William (January 21, 2005). "Don't Worry Your Pretty Little Head" . Slate .

^ Summers's 'sexism' costs him top Treasury job . The Independent . November 24, 2008

^ Sheryl Sandberg (November 7, 2008). "Larry Summers' True Record on Women" . Huffington Post . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .

^ "Larry Summers II on Conversations with Bill Kristol" . ConversationsWithBillKristol.org . Retrieved November 8, 2017 .

^ Psychoanalysis Q-and-A: Steven Pinker . The Harvard Crimson . January 19, 2005

^ Poll: Students Say Summers Should Stay . The Harvard Crimson. February 20, 2006

^ Finder, Alan (July 29, 2005). "A Harvard Governor, Dissatisfied, Resigns" . The New York Times . Retrieved December 5, 2013 .

^ Board Member's Letter of Resignation . The New York Times. August 2, 2005

^ Jump up to: a b Nicholas Ciarelli; Anton Troianovski (February 10, 2006). " ' Tawdry Shleifer Affair' Stokes Faculty Anger Toward Summers" . The Harvard Crimson . Retrieved May 30, 2013 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "Mogul Donor Gives Harvard More Than Money | News | The Harvard Crimson" . www.thecrimson.com . Retrieved July 12, 2019 .

^ Ward, Vicky (March 2003). "The Talented Mr. Epstein" . Vanity Fair . Retrieved July 12, 2019 . Epstein has pledged at least $25 million to Harvard to create the Epstein Program for Mathematical Biology and Evolutionary Dynamics, and Epstein will have an office at the university...He says he was reluctant to have his name attached to the program, but Summers persuaded him.

^ "Program for Evolutionary Dynamics" . ped.fas.harvard.edu . Retrieved July 12, 2019 .

^ Briquelet, Kate (July 10, 2019). "REVEALED: We Found Billionaire Pedophile Jeffrey Epstein's Secret Charity" . Daily Beast . Retrieved July 12, 2019 . In 2016, Gratitude America Ltd. shelled out $110,000 to Verse Video Education. The Cambridge, Massachusetts-based nonprofit produces the PBS show Poetry in America, whose creator and host is Harvard professor Elisa New. Verse’s 2016 tax return named New as the group’s president but doesn’t include specific donors for its $1.38 million in total contributions. New is married to Summers, Harvard University’s former president, who hobnobbed with Epstein in elite international relations groups and, like Bill Clinton, flew on Epstein’s private jet.

^ Sharif, Shirin (August 5, 2004). "Harvard grads face off against thefacebook.com" . The Stanford Daily. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010.

^ President and Fellows of Harvard College, IRS Form 990, 2006 & 2007.

^ Schuker, Daniel J. T. (July 7, 2006). "Summers Named Eliot Univ. Prof" . The Harvard Crimson .

^ "Berggruen Institute" . Archived from the original on June 13, 2018 . Retrieved April 17, 2017 .

^ "Why Nicolas Berggruen is Creating an Institute for Geniuses" , Town and Country , May 11, 2016. "Another wing of the Berggruen Institute has technologists like Elon Musk and Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, as well as former treasury secretary Larry Summers."

^ Levy, Ari (June 30, 2011). "Summers Joins Andreessen Horowitz as a Part-Time Adviser to Entrepreneurs" . Bloomberg.

^ Malkin, Michelle (April 21, 2010). "All the President's Goldman men" . New York Post . Retrieved August 8, 2013 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Benson, Clea (August 2, 2013). "Summers After Government Saw Wealth Surge to $17 Million" . Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved August 10, 2013 .

^ Greenwald, Glenn (April 4, 2009). "Larry Summers, Tim Geithner and Wall Street's ownership of government" . Salon . Retrieved August 10, 2013 .

^ "Former Steering Committee Members" . bilderbergmeetings.org . Bilderberg Group . Archived from the original on February 2, 2014 . Retrieved February 8, 2014 .

^ Staff, W. S. J. (August 8, 2013). "Indian Drivers Attract Larry Summers" . WSJ.com . Retrieved November 8, 2017 .

^ Montgomery, Lori (September 22, 2010). "Lawrence Summers to leave economic council, return to Harvard" . The Washington Post . ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved August 7, 2017 .

^ Schmidt, Robert; Julianna Goldman (February 5, 2009). "Volcker Chafes at Obama Panel Delay, Strains With Summers Rise" . Bloomberg .

^ Calmes, Jackie (June 8, 2009). "Obama's Economic Circle Keeps Tensions High" . The New York Times . Retrieved April 4, 2010 .

^ Leonhardt, David (November 25, 2008). "The Return of Larry Summers" . The New York Times .

^ DeFazio, Peter; Video Interview (January 2008). "DeFazio Slams Summers" .

^ Krugman, Paul (January 6, 2009). "Stimulus Arithmetic (wonkish but important)" . The New York Times .

^ "Sean Grady: Shootout at Jackson Hole: The World's Central Bankers Take Aim at Deflation." The Independent . August 14, 2010.

^ Lizza, Ryan (January 30, 2012). "The Obama memos" . The New Yorker .

^ Scheiber, Noam (February 22, 2012). "The Memo that Larry Summers Didn't Want Obama to See" . The New Republic .

^ Soloman, Deborah; Mark Maremont (February 14–15, 2009). "Bankers Face Strict Pay Cap". Wall Street Journal . pp. 1, above the fold.

^ Zeleny, Jeff (April 3, 2009). "Financial Industry Paid Millions to Obama Aide" . The New York Times . Retrieved April 4, 2009 .

^ TechCrunch (2011). Square Adds Former U.S. Secretary Of The Treasury Larry Summers To Board . Retrieved 24 June 2011.

^ Dealbook (2011). Larry Summers Joins Andreessen Horowitz . Retrieved June 30, 2011.

^ TechCrunch (2012). With An IPO On Its Radar, Lending Club Adds Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers To Its Heavyweight Board . Retrieved 12 December 2012.

^ Data, Premise (July 16, 2015). "Welcoming Larry Summers to Premise's Board of Directors" . Medium . Retrieved February 22, 2018 .

^ Summers, Lawrence H. (April 4, 2016). "Larry Summers: Data collection is the ultimate public good" . Washington Post . ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved February 22, 2018 .

^ "Staying in EU 'best hope' for UK's future say ex-US Treasury secretaries" . BBC News . April 20, 2016.

^ "Lawrence Summers on Brexit: A wakeup call for elites" . Retrieved July 15, 2016 .

^ "The economic consequences of a Trump win would be severe | Larry Summers" .

^ Moreno, J. Edward (May 6, 2020). "Progressive groups renew push to oust Larry Summers from Biden campaign citing environmental concerns" . The Hill . Retrieved September 16, 2020 .

^ Golshan, Tara (April 24, 2020). "Joe Biden Under Pressure From Progressives To Cut Out Larry Summers" . HuffPost . Retrieved September 16, 2020 .

^ Matthews, Steve (August 6, 2020). "Larry Summers Rules Out Taking a Job in a Biden Administration" . Bloomberg . Retrieved September 16, 2020 .

^ Kurtz, Annalyn; Yousuf, Hibah (September 15, 2013). "Larry Summers withdraws name for Fed chair job" . CNNMoney . Retrieved September 15, 2013 . After months of contentious public debate, Larry Summers has withdrawn his name from consideration to become the next chairman of the Federal Reserve. President Obama said he spoke with Summers earlier Sunday and accepted his decision.

^ Lowrey, Annie ; Appelbaum, Binyamin (September 15, 2013). "Summers Pulls Name From Consideration for Fed Chief" . New York Times . Retrieved September 16, 2013 . Facing growing opposition in Congress, Lawrence H. Summers, the former Treasury secretary and a top contender for Federal Reserve chairman, told President Obama that he didn't want to be considered for the job.

^ Williams, Jordan (March 20, 2021). "Larry Summers blasts $1.9 T stimulus as 'least responsible' economic policy in 40 years" . TheHill . Retrieved April 25, 2021 .

^ Williams, Jordan (March 20, 2021). "Larry Summers blasts $1.9 T stimulus as 'least responsible' economic policy in 40 years" . TheHill . Retrieved April 25, 2021 .

^ Ferguson, Charles (October 3, 2010). "Larry Summers and the Subversion of Economics" . The Chronicle of Higher Education . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .


Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist , former Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist of the World Bank (1991–93), [1] [2] [3] senior U.S. Treasury Department official throughout President Clinton 's administration (ultimately Treasury Secretary , 1999–2001), [2] [3] [4] and former director of the National Economic Council for President Obama (2009–2010). [2] [3] He is a former president of Harvard University (2001–2006), [3] [5] where he is currently (as of March 2017 [update] ) a professor and director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government . [3] [6] [7]

Born in New Haven, Connecticut , Summers became a professor of economics at Harvard University in 1983. He left Harvard in 1991, working as the Chief Economist at the World Bank from 1991 to 1993. In 1993, Summers was appointed Under Secretary for International Affairs of the United States Department of the Treasury under the Clinton Administration. In 1995, he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under his long-time political mentor Robert Rubin . In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as Secretary of the Treasury . While working for the Clinton administration, Summers played a leading role in the American response to the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico , the 1997 Asian financial crisis , and the Russian financial crisis . He was also influential in the Harvard Institute for International Development and American-advised privatization of the economies of the post-Soviet states , and in the deregulation of the U.S financial system, including the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act .

Following the end of Clinton's term, Summers served as the 27th President of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty, which resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with Cornel West , financial conflict of interest questions regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer , and a 2005 speech in which he suggested that the under-representation of women in science and engineering could be due to a "different availability of aptitude at the high end", and less to patterns of discrimination and socialization.

After his departure from Harvard, Summers worked as a managing partner at the hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co. , and as a freelance speaker at other financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs , JPMorgan Chase , Citigroup , Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers . Summers rejoined public service during the Obama administration , serving as the Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama from January 2009 until November 2010, where he emerged as a key economic decision-maker in the Obama administration's response to the Great Recession . After his departure from the NEC in December 2010, Summers worked in the private sector and as a columnist in major newspapers. In mid-2013, his name was widely floated as the potential successor to Ben Bernanke as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve , though Obama eventually nominated Federal Reserve Vice-Chairwoman Janet Yellen for the position. As of 2017, Summers retains his Harvard University status as former president emeritus and Charles W. Eliot University Professor. He also regularly writes opinion columns for The Washington Post . [8]

Summers was born in New Haven, Connecticut , on November 30, 1954, into a Jewish family , the son of two economists, Robert Summers (who changed the family surname from Samuelson) and Anita Summers (of Romanian-Jewish ancestry), who are both professors at the University of Pennsylvania . He is also the nephew of two Nobel laureates in economics : Paul Samuelson (brother of Robert Summers) and Kenneth Arrow (brother of Anita Arrow Summers). He spent most of his childhood in Penn Valley , Pennsylvania , a suburb of Philadelphia , where he attended Harriton High School .

At age 16, [9] he entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he
https://twitter.com/x_summers/media
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Summers
Kaho Shibuya
Porno Solo Zola
Lesbians Like That
@x_summers | Twitter
Lawrence Summers - Wikipedia
Victoria Summers Secretary