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Alternate titles: Alexandrina Victoria
By
Edgar Trevor Williams
See All
•
Edit History
Born:
May 24, 1819
Kensington Palace
England
... (Show more)
Died:
January 22, 1901 (aged 81)
near Cowes
England
... (Show more)
Title / Office:
empress (1876-1901) , India
... (Show more)
House / Dynasty:
House of Hanover
... (Show more)
Notable Family Members:
spouse Albert, Prince Consort
father Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathern, Earl of Dublin
daughter Victoria
son Edward VII
... (Show more)
What was Victoria’s childhood like?
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Victoria was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). Her reign was one of the longest in British history, and the Victorian Age was named for her.
Victoria’s father died when she was a baby. She was raised by her mother at Kensington Palace and had a lonely childhood until she became queen at the age of 18.
Victoria married her first cousin Albert , prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, on February 10, 1840.
Victoria had nine children: Victoria (1840–1901), the princess royal; Albert Edward (1841–1910), who became King Edward VII ; Alice (1843–78); Alfred (1844–1900); Helena (1846–1923); Louise (1848–1939); Arthur (1850–1942); Leopold (1853–84); and Beatrice (1857–1944). Through their marriages, many of the royal families of Europe were descended from Victoria.
Victoria , in full Alexandrina Victoria , (born May 24, 1819, Kensington Palace, London, England—died January 22, 1901, Osborne, near Cowes , Isle of Wight), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). She was the last of the house of Hanover and gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age . During her reign the British monarchy took on its modern ceremonial character. She and her husband, Prince Consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha , had nine children, through whose marriages were descended many of the royal families of Europe .
Victoria first learned of her future role as a young princess during a history lesson when she was 10 years old. Almost four decades later Victoria’s governess recalled that the future queen reacted to the discovery by declaring, “I will be good.” This combination of earnestness and egotism marked Victoria as a child of the age that bears her name. The queen, however, rejected important Victorian values and developments. Although she hated pregnancy and childbirth, detested babies, and was uncomfortable in the presence of children, Victoria reigned in a society that idealized both motherhood and the family. She had no interest in social issues, yet the 19th century in Britain was an age of reform. She resisted technological change even while mechanical and technological innovations reshaped the face of European civilization.
Most significantly, Victoria was a queen determined to retain political power, yet unwillingly and unwittingly she presided over the transformation of the sovereign’s political role into a ceremonial one and thus preserved the British monarchy. When Victoria became queen, the political role of the crown was by no means clear; nor was the permanence of the throne itself. When she died and her son Edward VII moved from Marlborough House to Buckingham Palace , the change was one of social rather than of political focus; there was no doubt about the monarchy’s continuance. That was the measure of her reign.
On the death in 1817 of Princess Charlotte, daughter of the prince regent (later George IV ), there was no surviving legitimate offspring of George III ’s 15 children. In 1818, therefore, three of his sons, the dukes of Clarence, Kent, and Cambridge , married to provide for the succession. The winner in the race to father the next ruler of Britain was Edward, duke of Kent, fourth son of George III. His only child was christened Alexandrina Victoria. After his death and George IV’s accession in 1820, Victoria became third in the line of succession to the throne after the duke of York (died 1827) and the duke of Clarence (subsequently William IV ), whose own children died in infancy.
Victoria, by her own account, “was brought up very simply,” principally at Kensington Palace , where her closest companions, other than her German-born mother, the duchess of Kent, were her half sister, Féodore, and her governess, Louise (afterward the Baroness) Lehzen, a native of Coburg . An important father figure to the orphaned princess was her uncle Leopold , her mother’s brother, who lived at Claremont, near Esher, Surrey, until he became king of the Belgians in 1831.
Victoria’s childhood was made increasingly unhappy by the machinations of the duchess of Kent’s advisor, Sir John Conroy. In control of the pliable duchess, Conroy hoped to dominate the future queen of Britain as well. Persuaded by Conroy that the royal dukes, “the wicked uncles,” posed a threat to her daughter, the duchess reared Victoria according to “the Kensington system,” by which she and Conroy systematically isolated Victoria from her contemporaries and her father’s family. Conroy thus aimed to make the princess dependent on and easily led by himself.
Strong-willed, and supported by Lehzen, Victoria survived the Kensington system; when she ascended the throne in 1837, she did so alone. Her mother’s actions had estranged her from Victoria and taught the future queen caution in her friendships. Moreover, her retentive memory did not allow her to forgive readily.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Victoria (state)" redirects here. For other places named Victoria, see Victoria (disambiguation) § Places .
Further information: Aboriginal Victorians
• independence from the New South Wales colony
This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2022 )
Source: Bureau of Meteorology, Department of Primary Industries, Australian Natural Resources Atlas
English (32%)
Australian (29.9%) [N 3]
Irish (10.8%)
Scottish (8.9%)
Chinese (6.7%)
Italian (6.4%)
Indian (3.8%)
German (3.6%)
Greek (3.1%)
Vietnamese (2%)
Dutch (1.8%)
Maltese (1.3%)
Filipino (1.2%)
Polish (1%)
This section needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( February 2014 )
An 'X'Trapolis' in livery of former commuter-service provider Connex , now succeeded by Metro Trains Melbourne
V/Line is a government-owned train and coach service provider in Victoria. The enterprise provides inter-city services to a number of regional cities in the state.
^ In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England , Scotland , Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately
^ As a percentage of 5,533,099 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.
^ The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group. [45]
^ Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders . Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
^ Jump up to: a b c "National, state and territory population – December 2021" . Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022 . Retrieved 1 July 2022 .
^ Jump up to: a b "5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20" . Australian Bureau of Statistics. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016 . Retrieved 20 January 2021 .
^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab" . hdi.globaldatalab.org . Archived from the original on 23 September 2018 . Retrieved 24 January 2022 .
^ "Floral Emblem of Victoria" . anbg.gov.auhi. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018 . Retrieved 26 March 2008 .
^ "Victorian Symbols and Emblems" . Department of Premier and Cabinet . Archived from the original on 8 May 2013 . Retrieved 11 May 2013 .
^ "Victoria" . Parliament@Work . Archived from the original on 26 December 2018 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 .
^ The ACT has a higher population density, but it is a territory rather than a state.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "2016 Census Community Profiles: Victoria" . Archived from the original on 22 June 2019 . Retrieved 22 June 2019 .
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2018 . Retrieved 11 February 2018 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
^ "Parliament of Victoria - 54th Parliament Votes" . parliament.vic.gov.au . Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
^ "Melbourne named world's sporting capital" . The Sydney Morning Herald . 21 April 2016. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 22 July 2017 .
^ "Melbourne is rightly the world's sporting capital" . 30 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 22 July 2017 .
^ "Screen Australia Digital Learning – Rules of AFL (2009)" . dl.nfsa.gov.au . Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 22 July 2017 .
^ Richard Broome, pp xviii-xxii, Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800 , Allen & Unwin, 2005, ISBN 1-74114-569-4 , ISBN 978-1-74114-569-4
^ Gary Presland, The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region , (revised edition), Harriland Press, 1997. ISBN 0-646-33150-7 . Presland says on page 1: "There is some evidence to show that people were living in the Maribyrnong River valley, near present day Keilor , about 40,000 years ago".
^ Gary Presland, Aboriginal Melbourne: The Lost Land of the Kulin People , Harriland Press (1985), Second edition 1994, ISBN 0-9577004-2-3 . This book describes in some detail the archaeological evidence regarding aboriginal life, culture, food gathering and land management
^ Jump up to: a b Presland, Gary (July 2008). "Keilor Archaeological Site" . eMelbourne . Archived from the original on 3 July 2020 . Retrieved 3 November 2008 .
^ Brown, Peter. "The Keilor Cranium" . Peter Brown's Australian and Asian Palaeoanthropology . Archived from the original on 17 December 2004 . Retrieved 3 November 2008 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Steyne, Hanna (23 May 2009). "Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria" (PDF) . Heritage Victoria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2009 . Retrieved 3 November 2008 . Citing Lambeck & Chappell 2001. Citing Bird 1993, Bowler 1966, Holdgate et al. 2001.
^ Jump up to: a b Rhodes, David (2003). Channel Deepening Existing Conditions Final Report – Aboriginal Heritage (PDF) (Report). Terra Culture Heritage Consultants. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2009 . Retrieved 3 November 2008 .
^ Hunter, Ian (2005). "Yarra Creation Story" . Wurundjeri Dreaming . Archived from the original on 4 November 2008 . Retrieved 3 November 2008 .
^ House of Lords Record Office. "An Act for the better Government of Her Majesty's Australian Colonies (1850)" . Archived from the original on 19 August 2016 . Retrieved 23 August 2016 .
^ "CORRESPONDENCE" . The Advertiser . Adelaide. 14 October 1901. p. 7. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022 . Retrieved 17 January 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "ATTEMPTED COLONISATION AT WESTERN PORT" . Mornington Standard (MORNING. ed.). Vic. 12 August 1905. p. 5. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022 . Retrieved 24 January 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Corinella Victoria's Best Kept Secret !" . 18 September 2008. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ James Boyce (2011). 1835: The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia . Black Inc., p. 12.
^ "Treaty - The Aboriginal History of Yarra" . aboriginalhistoryofyarra.com.au . Archived from the original on 10 August 2020 . Retrieved 6 August 2020 .
^ "Anniversary of the Week" . The Argus . Melbourne. 4 July 1930. p. 2 Supplement: Saturday Camera Supplement. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022 . Retrieved 26 January 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Parliament of Victoria - About the First Legislative Council" . parliament.vic.gov.au . Archived from the original on 28 July 2020 . Retrieved 7 August 2020 .
^ "Chinese history, Goldfields, Victoria, Australia" . Archived from the original on 11 July 2018 . Retrieved 3 September 2018 .
^ McCaughey, Victoria's Colonial Governors , p. 75
^ Punch , 7 January 1859, p. 5
^ George Gavan Duffy papers Archived 17 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine , historyireland.com. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
^ "Stateless old Jack, beyond all borders", Sydney Morning Herald , 14 April 2012 . Retrieved 15 April 2016
^ Ward v The Queen , 11 (High Court of Australia 1980).
^ "Victoria Tasmania border" . Archived from the original on 2 January 2006 . Retrieved 7 March 2006 .
^ "Boundary Islet on" . Street-directory.com.au. 4 December 1999. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 . Retrieved 17 July 2016 .
^ Moore, Garry (April 2014). "The boundary between Tasmania and Victoria: Uncertainties and their possible resolution" (PDF) . Traverse . The Institute of Surveyors Victoria (294). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2016 . Retrieved 10 April 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b c "Rainfall and Temperature Records: National" (PDF) . Bureau of Meteorology . Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2015 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 .
^ "Official records for Australia in January" . Daily Extremes . Bureau of Meteorology. 31 July 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 .
^ "3218.0 – Regional Pop
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