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These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Key findings and threat assessment. Global context. Trafficking and supply. Criminal networks. Prices, purities and offences. Retail markets. Actions to address current threats and increase preparedness. Price and purity are key metrics of wholesale heroin markets. In the EU, wholesale purity data are not systematically reported, and this represents a key data gap. Nonetheless, based on the data available, wholesale purity appears to be stable or increasing in some countries. Also of note are detections of heroin hydrochloride, albeit in a limited number of wholesale markets in the EU, which imply heroin processing in or near the EU see Box Chemical profiling provides insights into heroin available on EU drug markets. This is of concern, as price reductions could lead to increased use, in terms of both the number of users and the amounts used by existing users. For a more comprehensive analysis, consistent purity data at wholesale level are needed. The source data for this graphic is available in the source table on this page. Such comparatively low prices on darknet markets suggest that the heroin may have been adulterated or that these are mislabelled or fraudulent listings. In general, the retail price is viewed as a marker of availability relative to demand. However, in an illicit drug market, where there are no quality controls and where many users are dependent on drugs, the picture is more complex and the market may react in other ways to supply problems. For example, to maintain supply the price of heroin may be stable while the purity is reduced, and users may seek substitutes due to price or purity fluctuations, which may also be a driver of diversifying opioids on the market. However, the comparatively large increase in average heroin purity between and should be interpreted with some caution. Therefore, represented an unusually low point for heroin purity. The slight decrease in purity since is probably due to supply disruption arising from the COVID pandemic and related restrictions. However, price and purity varied widely, both within and between countries. There are likely to be several factors, related to both supply and demand, that explain why heroin prices have been declining overall in Europe. The amount of heroin produced and its purity are determined by factors including the alkaloid content of the raw opium, the methods used to extract morphine, the procedures used during acetylation, and the techniques used during the purification processes see Section From poppy cultivation to heroin production. The end product can also contain opiate alkaloid impurities found in opium such as codeine, morphine, thebaine, noscapine and papaverine , or chemicals used in the manufacturing process such as acetic anhydride. There have also been cases of heroin contaminated with pathogens such as Clostridium novyi type A McGuigan et al. In addition, adulterants and diluting agents are often added to increase volume and profits, but also to enhance the effects of the heroin or to relieve its unwanted effects, such as itchiness and pain from the injection. Adulterants and diluting agents can be sugars dextrose, sucrose, lactose , starches corn powder , local anaesthetics procaine, lidocaine , antihistamines, stimulants caffeine or other substances e. In Europe, caffeine and paracetamol are the most commonly used adulterants found in heroin. Pre-mixed bags of these adulterants that are ready to be added to heroin have been seized by EU law enforcement agencies, indicating specialisation of criminal networks in preparing heroin adulteration mixtures for sale to traffickers see Box Dutch criminal networks specialise in heroin cutting mixtures. There is evidence to suggest that adulteration occurs along the heroin supply chain. For example, analysis of heroin samples seized in Luxembourg between and at importation and street level provides evidence of adulteration with both paracetamol and caffeine at the importation level, followed by another step of adulteration, also with caffeine, at the level of retail dealers Bourmaud et al. None of the heroin samples from Luxembourg were reported to have been adulterated with fentanyl derivatives or other synthetic opioids Bourmaud et al. However, recent non-systematic data indicate the potential adulteration of heroin with fentanyl and alpha-methylfentanyl Spasov, and synthetic cannabinoids EMCDDA, c , and this has been linked to outbreaks of drug-related deaths in Varna, Bulgaria, and the northern area of Paris, France, respectively. Drug law offence statistics provide insights mainly on the implementation of drug laws. They are therefore influenced by factors that affect law enforcement activities, including registration and reporting practices. The pattern broadly follows the overall decline in the number of heroin seizures see Section Heroin trafficking within the EU. The proportion of overall heroin offences that were supply-related remained broadly stable, apart from an increase in , from which point onward they remained stable at a new slightly higher level. While the reason for this increase is not entirely clear, it may have been influenced by changes in reporting see Figure Heroin-related offences in the EU, As with drug seizures, the recording and reporting of drug law offences data are influenced by a range of economic, political and institutional factors. Consult the list of references used in this module. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. This make take up to a minute. Once the PDF is ready it will appear in this tab. Sorry, the download of the PDF failed. Table of contents Search within the book. Introduction Introduction Key findings and threat assessment Key findings and threat assessment Global context Global context Production Production Trafficking and supply Trafficking and supply Criminal networks Criminal networks Prices, purities and offences Prices, purities and offences Retail markets Retail markets Actions to address current threats and increase preparedness Actions to address current threats and increase preparedness. Search within the book Operator Any match. Exact term match only. Main subject. Target audience. Publication type. EU Drug Market: Heroin and other opioids — main page. On this page.

Bulgarian prosecutors say heroin found in cargo from Iran

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The drugs were divided in packages and hidden among asphalt rollers the ship was carrying, prosecutor Vladimir Chavdarov. Two Bulgarian men - the owner of the receiving company and a customs officer - were detained and could face up to 20 years in jail, if convicted on drug trafficking charges. Bulgarian police believe the heroin was not intended for the domestic market but rather destined to be sold in Western Europe. After offering its customers free adapters for Tesla's Superchargers, Ford is telling its customers to stop using them. That's not great for a broadcaster. Alabama fans are dealing with a whole new reality this season. Texas fans are coping after the Longhorns' first loss of the season. Week 8 brought with it a new outlook for many teams after a surprising Saturday of action. Which of them will remain unscathed and which will stumble? What, you're surprised that Nvidia's stock is crushing it again? Try these health and wellness tips to live your best week. UCF defensive back Braeden Marshall thought he had a pick-6 touchdown against Iowa State, but dropped the ball before crossing the goal line. Oregon moves into the top four after its win over Ohio State. Davante Adams is done with the Raiders after two-plus seasons in Las Vegas. The former North Texas coach was in his first season running the OU offense. The Mets had a magical run into October, but they have some big decisions to make this offseason. Blind Auditions continued in Week 2 of the reality singing competition as one coach hits the show's powerful new button. Tiant won games with six teams in his year MLB career. Newman remained down on the sideline for several minutes after sustaining a neck injury. He reportedly has movement in his limbs. The best high school competition from around the country gathered in Vegas for three days of high-level games. Selected edition. Sign in. Close this content. Read full article Associated Press. Link Copied. Bulgarian customs officials confiscated more than kilograms pounds of heroin from a ship transporting goods from Iran. View comments. Recommended Stories. Yahoo Sports. Yahoo Finance. Yahoo Life. Yahoo TV.

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