Vagrant Private Key

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Are you looking at why vagrant up froze at ‘SSH auth method: private key’?
Usually, this error shows up due to a broken network connection. We can help you fix it by reconnecting the network.
At Bobcares, we often get requests to fix Vagrant errors, as a part of our Infrastructure Management Services.
Today, let’s see how our Support Engineers resolve this error.
Let’s take a sneak peek to Vagrant first. Vagrant is a tool to build and manage VMs. It works as a command-line utility.
Vagrant configures and provision VMs as described in the Vagrantfile. The command to create and configure this VM as per the Vagrantfile is vagrant up.
In config.ssh we can configure the way we can access the machine. And hence while running vagrant up we can also SSH into the machine.
Customers often get errors while running vagrant up. This can be due to some faulty setting or network connection errors.
We know vagrant up is the command that initiates the system.
But sometimes it fails at ssh authentication. It gets freeze at this point and vagrant up ends. And this situation appears as,
As mentioned in the error, vagrant up hangs at ssh auth due to network error.
Whenever our customers approach us with this error, we check the Vagrantfile and Virtual Box settings.
There are a few things our Support Engineers initially check. And this varies according to the setup each customer has.
Usually, we activate the Hardware acceleration in the BIOS environment.
Similarly, we enable Intel Virtualization Technology.
We also check the Network settings and choose the Adapter 1. Here, we make sure to select the option Cable Connected.
If the Vagrantfile is corrupted, then our Support Engineers would reinstall and setup Vagrant for the customers.
For some customers updating the Vagrant and Virtual Box can fix the error. Here we destroy the current one, re-provision the box and re-up the box.
[Need assistance in fixing Vagrant errors? – We can help you.]
In short, vagrant hangs at ssh auth method private key while running vagrant up. This is due to failure in the network connection. Today, we saw how our Support Engineers make the Vagrant work again.
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I got a problem with adding an ssh key to a Vagrant VM. Basically the setup that I have here works fine. Once the VMs are created, I can access them via vagrant ssh, the user "vagrant" exists and there's an ssh key for this user in the authorized_keys file.
What I'd like to do now is: to be able to connect to those VMs via ssh or use scp. So I would only need to add my public key from id_rsa.pub to the authorized_keys - just like I'd do with ssh-copy-id.
Is there a way to tell Vagrant during the setup that my public key should be included? If not (which is likely, according to my google results), is there a way to easily append my public key during the vagrant setup?
tehK
tehK 2,065●33 gold badges●1414 silver badges●1616 bronze badges
Giacomo1968
24.1k●1010 gold badges●6262 silver badges●9292 bronze badges
Copying the desired public key would fall squarely into the provisioning phase. The exact answer depends on what provisioning you fancy to use (shell, Chef, Puppet etc). The most trivial would be a file provisioner for the key, something along this:
Well, actually you need to append to authorized_keys. Use the the shell provisioner, like so:
You can also use a true provisioner, like Puppet. For example see Managing SSH Authorized Keys with Puppet.
Remus Rusanu
Remus Rusanu 275k●3838 gold badges●414414 silver badges●545545 bronze badges
Chris Stryczynski
21.2k●3232 gold badges●112112 silver badges●211211 bronze badges
Thanks for your answer - that was the nudge that I needed :) I thought maybe Vagrant would provide something, but with the provisioning it's possible. Maybe a bit "ugly", but it works like a charm. Basically I'm just copying the file as you suggested and then use the shell provisioner to append the key. virtualhost.vm.provision "shell", inline: "cat ~vagrant/.ssh/me.pub >> ~vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys" – tehK May 6 '15 at 12:46
There are unicode characters hidden in @tehK's comment above (before the is) that may ruin your afternoon - here's a fixed copy/pastable version virtualhost.vm.provision "shell", inline: "cat ~vagrant/.ssh/me.pub >> ~vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys" – Aidan Kane Aug 16 '16 at 10:19
This solution worked beautifully! Thank you so much :) – Samir Patel Nov 23 '16 at 18:37
Sorry , I'm late to the game. Whats config.vm.provision? – user2568374 Feb 16 '17 at 20:36
Don't hardcode ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. Get the keys from ssh-add -L instead. – Timur Aug 15 '17 at 6:54
You can use Ruby's core File module, like so:
This working example appends ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys of both the vagrant and root user, which will allow you to use your existing SSH key.
Meow
Meow 1,359●11 gold badge●1111 silver badges●1616 bronze badges
Good and it works, but it will add a line at every provision which might be executed several times. – sekrett Apr 26 '16 at 12:41
I'm voting to reject a major addition to this answer - because that addition should be added as it's own answer. @user76329 (if you ever come back to read this) should add it as a separate answer instead. – HPierce Aug 18 '16 at 1:52
@sekrett If you want the shell provisoner to run only once, here is one solution: blog.ouseful.info/2015/07/27/… Basically you create a file-flag to mark that provisoning already happend. – rszalski Oct 7 '16 at 7:58
I needed to add equivalent of: mkdir ~/.ssh && touch authorized_keys – Douglas Denhartog May 21 '17 at 6:38
@sekrett For idempotence you are better served with Ansible, shell can only do so much. docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/… – MGP Sep 20 '19 at 13:35
There's a more "elegant" way of accomplishing what you want to do. You can find the existing private key and use it instead of going through the trouble of adding your public key.
Proceed like this to see the path to existing private key (look below for IdentityFile):
Then you can use the private key like this, note also the switch for switching off password authentication
Madis Maenni
Madis Maenni 478●44 silver badges●44 bronze badges
Got: ssh_exhange_identification: Connection closed by remote host. Now I can't even get authentication error on vagrant up. It says Guest-Specific operations were attempted on a machine that is not ready for guest communication. This should not happen and a but should be reported. – user2568374 Feb 16 '17 at 20:28
Very slick indeed. I will do this going forward. Some might consider also adding the generated ssh config to their default ~/.ssh/config using an Include statement, as to avoid the -i and -F switches every time you run ssh. To be explicit, vagrant ssh-config > ~/.ssh/vagrant-ssh ; echo Include vagrant-ssh > ~/.ssh/config ; now you can ssh yourvm without further ado. – Jepper Feb 13 at 10:01
Expanding on Meow's example, we can copy the local pub/private ssh keys, set permissions, and make the inline script idempotent (runs once and will only repeat if the test condition fails, thus needing provisioning):
Stevie Howard
Stevie Howard 747●77 silver badges●1212 bronze badges
For those provisioning to OpenBSD, you will need grep -xsq for the grep command to work properly. – cstroe Apr 3 at 4:00
A shorter and more correct code should be:
Otherwise user's .ssh/authorized_keys will belong to root user.
Still it will add a line at every provision run, but Vagrant is used for testing and a VM usually have short life, so not a big problem.
sekrett
sekrett 875●1111 silver badges●1414 bronze badges
I had to add config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: "mkdir -p /root/.ssh" after the first line since folder did not exist – geekQ Dec 13 '17 at 10:21
@geekQ I use ssh-copy-id, so it is always created for me but it is more correct to create it for others. I will edit, thanks. – sekrett Dec 14 '17 at 13:44
Note that we should not hard code path to /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys since some vagrant boxes not using the vagrant username.
vr3C
vr3C 1,636●1919 silver badges●1515 bronze badges
Really good answer. Helped me a lot. But I have setups that adjust where the vagrant.d directory gets stored so I adjusted your config to handle cases like that. Details here. – Giacomo1968 Jul 10 '17 at 19:43
None of the older posts worked for me although some came close. I had to make rsa keys with keygen in the terminal and go with custom keys. In other words defeated from using Vagrant's keys.
I'm on Mac OS Mojave as of the date of this post. I've setup two Vagrant boxes in one Vagrantfile. I'm showing all of the first box so newbies can see the context. I put the .ssh folder in the same folder as the Vagrant file, otherwise use user9091383 setup.
Credit for this solution goes to this coder.
Preston
Preston 2,402●33 gold badges●2525 silver badges●4646 bronze badges
This is an excellent thread that helped me solve a similar situation as the original poster describes.
While I ultimately used the settings/logic presented in smartwjw’s answer, I ran into a hitch since I use the VAGRANT_HOME environment variable to save the core vagrant.d directory stuff on an external hard drive on one of my development systems.
So here is the adjusted code I am using in my Vagrantfile to accommodate for a VAGRANT_HOME environment variable being set; the “magic” happens in this line vagrant_home_path = ENV["VAGRANT_HOME"] ||= "~/.vagrant.d":
Giacomo1968
Giacomo1968 24.1k●1010 gold badges●6262 silver badges●9292 bronze badges
For the inline shell provisioners - it is common for a public key to contains spaces, comments, etc. So make sure to put (escaped) quotes around the var that expands to the public key:
Dick Visser
Dick Visser 11●11 bronze badge
A pretty complete example, hope this helps someone who visits next. Moved all the concrete values to external config files. IP assignment is just for trying out.
Madis Maenni answer is closest to best solution:
then you can just ssh via hostname.
To get list of hostnames configured in ~/.ssh/config
Generate a rsa key pair for vagrant authentication ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/vagrant
You might also want to add the vagrant identity files to your ~/.ssh/config
For some reason we can't just specify the key we want to insert so we take a few extra steps to generate a key ourselves. This way we get security and knowledge of exactly which key we need (+ all vagrant boxes will get the same key)
Marek Urbanowicz
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