Vagina Examination

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Vaginal Examination (PV) – OSCE Guide
Vaginal Examination (PV) – OSCE Guide
Download the vaginal examination PDF OSCE checklist , or use our interactive OSCE checklist . You may also be interested in our focused speculum examination OSCE guide.
Ask the patient to cough and inspect for vaginal prolapse
Gently insert lubricated fingers into the vagina
Rotate your hand 90° so your palm faces upwards
Withdraw fingers and inspect for discharge or blood
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A bimanual vaginal examination may need to be performed in a number of different clinical scenarios including unexplained pelvic pain, irregular vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge and as part of the assessment of a pelvic mass. Bimanual vaginal examination frequently appears in OSCEs and you’ll be required to demonstrate excellent communication and practical skills. This guide demonstrates how to perform a bimanual vaginal examination in an OSCE setting.
Wash your hands and don PPE if appropriate.
Introduce yourself to the patient including your name and role .
Confirm the patient’s name and date of birth .
Explain what the examination will involve using patient-friendly language: “Today I need to carry out a vaginal examination. This will involve me using one hand to feel your tummy and the other hand to place two fingers into your vagina. This will allow me to assess the vagina, womb and ovaries. It shouldn’t be painful, but it will feel a little uncomfortable. You can ask me to stop at any point.”
Explain the need for a chaperone: “One of the female ward staff members will be present throughout the examination, acting as a chaperone, would that be ok?”
Gain consent to proceed with the examination: “Do you understand everything I’ve said? Do you have any questions? Are you happy for me to carry out the examination?”
Ask the patient if they have any pain or if they think they may be pregnant before proceeding with the clinical examination.
Provide the patient with the opportunity to pass urine before the examination.
Explain to the patient that they’ll need to remove their underwear and lie on the clinical examination couch, covering themselves with the sheet provided. Provide the patient with privacy to undress and check it is ok to re-enter the room before doing so .
An abdominal examination should always be performed before moving onto vaginal examination . This may be less thorough than a full abdominal examination, but should at least include inspection and palpation of the abdomen.
1 . Don a pair of non-sterile gloves.
2 . Position the patient in the modified lithotomy position : “Bring your heels towards your bottom and then let your knees fall to the sides.”
1 . Inspect the vulva for abnormalities:
2 . Inspect for evidence of vaginal prolapse (a bulge visible protruding from the vagina). Asking the patient to cough as you inspect can exacerbate the lump and help confirm the presence of prolapse.
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is defined by the WHO as all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia , or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons . 5 Over 140 million girls and women worldwide have undergone FGM. 6 Women attending maternity, family planning, gynaecology, and urology clinics (among others) should be asked routinely about the practice of FGM . 7 Cases of FGM in girls under the age of 18 should be reported to the police . 8
Bartholin’s glands are responsible for producing secretions which maintain vaginal moisture and are typically located at 4 and 8 o’clock in relation to the vaginal introitus. These glands can become blocked and/or infected, resulting in cyst formation . Typical findings on clinical examination include a unilateral , fluctuant mass , which may or may not be tender.
Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory dermatological condition that can affect the anogenital region in women. It presents with pruritis and clinical examination typically reveals white thickened patches . Destructive scarring and adhesions develop causing distortion of the normal vaginal architecture (shrinking of the labia, narrowing of the introitus, obscuration of the clitoris). 
There are several causes of abnormal vaginal discharge including:
Warn the patient you are going to examine the vagina and ask if they’re still ok for you to do so.
If the patient consents to the continuation of the examination:
1. Lubricate the gloved index and middle fingers of your dominant hand.
2. Carefully separate the labia using the thumb and index finger of your non-dominant hand.
3. Gently insert the gloved index and middle finger of your dominant hand into the vagina.
4. Enter the vagina with your palm facing laterally and then rotate 90 degrees so that your palm is facing upwards.
Palpate the walls of the vagina for any irregularities or masses .
The fornices are the superior portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of the cervix.
Gently palpate lateral fornices for any masses .
1. Place your non-dominant hand 4cm above the pubis symphysis .
2. Place two of your dominant hand’s fingers into the posterior fornix .
3. Push upwards with the internal fingers whilst simultaneously palpating the lower abdomen with your non-dominant hand . You should be able to feel the uterus between your hands . You should then assess the various characteristics of the uterus:
The position of the uterus can be described as:
The term adnexa refers to the area that includes the ovaries and fallopian tubes .
1. Position your internal fingers in the left lateral fornix .
2. Position your external hand onto the left iliac fossa .
3. Perform deep palpation of the left iliac fossa whilst moving your internal fingers upwards and laterally (towards the left).
4. Feel for any palpable masses , noting their size and shape (e.g. ovarian cyst, ovarian tumour, fibroid).
5. Repeat adnexal assessment on the right .
6. Withdraw your fingers and inspect the glove for blood or abnormal discharge .
7. Cover the patient with the sheet, explain that the examination is now complete and provide the patient with privacy so they can get dressed. Provide paper towels for the patient to clean themselves.
8. Dispose of the used equipment into a clinical waste bin .
Dispose of PPE appropriately and wash your hands .
Document the examination in the medical notes including the details of the chaperone.
“Today I examined Mrs Smith , a 28-year-old female . On general inspection , the patient appeared comfortable at rest. There were no objects or medical equipment around the bed of relevance. “
“Abdominal examination was unremarkable and there were no abnormalities noted on inspection of the vulva. Bimanual examination revealed an anteverted uterus of normal size and shape. There were no masses palpated in the vaginal canal or adnexa.”
“In summary , these findings are consistent with a normal vaginal examination .”
“For completeness, I would like to perform the following further assessments and investigations .”

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Vagina Examination