V M Tubes

V M Tubes




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V&M Tubes has been awarded LEED(R) Gold established by the U.S. Green Building Council and verified by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI). Glass demountable wall partitions were utilized extensively to maintain an open feel, promote communication between business divisions, and to allow for natural light to penetrate deep into the workspace. 
Blue accent panels tumble down the corridor, further deconstructing the uniformity of the rigid program. Sustainable materials, such as bamboo flooring, carpet with recycled content, and client provided repurposed tubing, work together to create a refined atmosphere. 

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Abstract There is an increasing demand for Super 13% Cr (Super Martensitic Stainless Steel) tubing and casing (OCTG - Oil Country Tubular Goods), due to the material's superior strength and CO2 resistance, over conventional 13% Cr steel. Super 13% Cr combines low carbon content with increased Ni and Mo content, and particular heat treatment processes, in order to achieve its superior properties. To date, the literature available on this material is limited, with most articles concentrating on the explanation and remedies to major line-pipe failures that occurred on welds.
This paper summarizes tests to assess the role of chloride content in PH2S and pH testing solution. The negative effect of H2S saturation of the solution was observed, leading to a decrease of the passivation stage of the steel. Taking into account electrochemical parameters such as current densities and corrosion potentials, various environments (pH, chloride content and H2S) where SSC is likely to occur were investigated. The influence of the three parameters led to the creation of a 3-Dimensional mapping of SSC susceptibility with regard to the use of Super 13% Cr Stainless Steels. The Fit-For-Purpose philosophy of the new edition of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 standard was used to develop this map.
Key words Super 13% Cr, Super Martensitic Stainless Steel, modified 13% Cr, Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC), depassivation pH, permeation, diffusion, electrochemistry, current density.
Foreword The terms conventional, alloyed or super 13% Cr martensitic Stainless Steels (SS) are commonly used as material denominations in the literature. Conventional 13% Cr martensitic SS refers to AISI 420 like steels with carbon wt. % between 0.15 and 0.22 and chromium wt. % between 12 and 14. Modified or Super 13% Cr martensitic SS include steels with a wt. % of carbon lower than 0.03 and additions of molybdenum and nickel. A wide range of terminology requires clarification with respect to the alloying content especially such as C, Cr, Ni and Mo: "lean" (13Cr-<2.5Ni-<1Mo), "medium" (13Cr-<4.5Ni-<2Mo such as 13–4–1 martensitic SS) and "fat" (13Cr-<6.5Ni->2Mo such as 13–5–2 martensitic SS) have also been proposed for specific applications (see UNS 41425–41426 and 41427). The units adopted in the significant number of publications vary considerably as well: pressure (MPa, bar, atm, psi) but also temperature (°C, °F) or concentrations (mol eq., vol. %, wt. %, ppm or g/L) and so on. This is why, units of data presented in this paper will be expressed essentially in MPa or bar (0.1 MPa = 1 bar) for pressure, °C for temperature and g/L or ppm for concentrations.
Introduction The growing demand for energy has resulted in a general need to produce fields with a significant CO2 content. The presence of corrosive species (among them CO2, H2S and chlorides) has a pronounced effect on corrosion in producing wells. Carbon dioxide is almost always present and its effect on corrosion is primarily by decreasing the pH of the water phase. Carbon dioxide promotes general corrosion, localized corrosion or formation of hard iron carbonate scales. For the last 25 years, the use of 13% Cr seamless steel pipes has been the most cost effective solution to protect against sweet wet CO2 corrosion.

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