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The preparation and enforcement of the national drug policyis the responsibility of the Government of the CzechRepublic. The evaluationof two previous drug policystrategic documents — the National Drug Policy Strategy for the Period — and the — Action Plan — was finalised in The Strategy will be complemented with action plans, each spanning a three-year period. It also introduced significant changes in the statutory provisions pertaining to primary drug crime. To a certain degree, the new legal regulation differentiates drugs according to their health and social risks, as it makes a distinction between cannabisand other drugs as regards the cultivation of cannabis for personal use and the possessionthereof for personal use. In addition to the above-mentioned differentiation of drugs, the Penal Code newly provides for the offence of the unauthorised cultivation of a small quantity of plants containing a narcotic or psychotropic substance. Subsequently, the Government passed two regulations determining greater-than-small quantities of drugs and plants or mushroomsthat contain narcotic or psychotropic substances. Public expenditure on drug policyamounted to a total of CZK This sum included CZK In comparison to , total expenses showed a nominal increase on all three levels by 3. On the central level, there was a significant decrease in expenditure on the part of the Government Council for Drug Policy Coordination. Over one third of regional expenditures, however, was earmarked to finance sobering-up stations and the treatmentof intoxicated people. The aggregate of funds expended by municipalities experienced a slight increase. Out of the total comprised of all three levels of public budgets, CZK The sobering-up stations, funded almost exclusively from the regional budgets, cost CZK The surveys investigating public attitudes to drug useindicate that the Czech population is relatively tolerant towards the use of cannabis: an absolute majority supports the legalisation of the cultivation and possessionof cannabis, especially for medical purposes. In and in the first half of discussions and initiatives on the use of medical cannabis took place. The general public, the professional community, and politicians and representatives of the public administration were involved in these events and activities. The HBSC international surveyshowed that In comparison to the previous round of HBSC, carried out in , a rise in both the lifetime and last-year prevalencerates of cannabis use was observed. In the very first representative studyon drug useamong the prisonpopulation was conducted. It was found that the individuals starting their prison sentences show much greater experience of drug use than the general population. This particularly applies to women in general and to both genders as far as the use of heroin, pervitin, and cocaineis concerned. Dance party-goers and people associated with nightlifesettings constitute another subpopulation showing a significantly higher level of the prevalenceof illicit drug use. Apart from cannabis, the main drugs used among this group include ecstasy, pervitin, cocaineand hallucinogens. The estimated number of problem drug users continued to rise in ; the mean estimate reached the level of In comparison to the previous years, however, this increase is not statistically significant. While the year recorded a dramatic increase in the number of problem users of pervitin The number of injecting drug users also rose to approximately The concurrent use of pervitin and opiatesis common. In general, 0. It is estimated that one tenth to one quarter of offenders, i. Thus, their prevalenceof problem drug useis about 20—50 times higher than that among the general population. In addition, the levels of the current heavy or problem use of other drugs were estimated. In the Czech Republic, at least once per week in the last month, sedatives were used by almost one million people, cannabisby thousand people, ecstasyby 35 thousand people, hallucinogenic mushroomsby 30 thousand people, and cocaineby almost 15 thousand people aged 15—64, with young adults accounting for the largest proportion of users of these drugs. When extrapolating this proportion to the entire population of the CzechRepublic, we may conclude that approximately 1. Hazardous or harmful use of alcoholis attributed to 1 to 1. In seven HIV-positive people who may have contracted the virus through injecting drug use were newly identified. The numbers of newly reported cases of viral hepatitisC among injecting drug users have also been declining in recent years. The number of HBV cases recorded a slight year-on-year increase in An increased level of the incidenceof syphilis among injecting drug users continued to be observed in The available data suggest that there has been a long-term steady decrease in the level of high-risk behaviour, such as needle sharing, among injecting drug users. The information provided by the register of autopsies maintained by forensic medicine departments shows that the year witnessed another increase in the number of fatal overdoses on illicit drugs and inhalantsto a total of 55 cases. Cocaine was not detected in any cases of fatal overdosein For the very first time in Czech history, two fatal overdoses with the presence of the synthetic opioid fentanyl were reported. Calculated on the basis of analogical selection criteria, the rate of fatal overdoses on alcoholis approximately tenfold. The year recorded a further increase in pervitin-related deaths other than by overdose, while the number of such indirect deaths with the presence of THCfell. The traffic police records indicate that the number and proportion of accidents caused while under the influence of alcohol, as well as the number of people killed in such accidents, dropped in This positive trend has been confirmed by the data on autopsies of road accidentcasualties examined at forensic medicine departments. On the contrary, the numbers of accidents caused while under the influence of drugs other than alcohol and of people killed in such accidents are growing; the comparison with the data provided by forensic surgeons suggests, however, that the rates are still underreported by the police. In the CzechRepublic, drug users and addicts may seek help from a network of services providing a wide range of interventions which experienced no major changes in In comparison to the previous years, the slightly declining trend has been reversed, and the number of those in treatment returned to its and levels. Stimulant users have long predominated among those demanding treatment. They comprised the largest group among all treatment demands The second most numerous group was still made up of opiate users A slight aging of the treatment demand population is apparent; their average age has increased by more than four years over the past decade, reaching Women continue to account for one third of treatment demands. There has been a long-term increase in the number of patients in substitution treatment. The number of psychiatric outpatient services reporting the treatmentof users of alcoholand other drugs rose by almost one third to facilities in A maximum of 50—70 of those, however, may be considered the so-called AT outpatient services, i. The number of patients engaged with psychiatric outpatient services recorded a year-on-year decline, including all three of the largest groups of patients, i. The year experienced a moderate drop in the number of users of alcoholand non-alcohol drugs admitted to psychiatric inpatient facilities. The number of hospitalisations for alcohol reached the level of approximately 10 thousand per year, while the number of people admitted to hospital for non-alcohol drugs roughly made up half of that number. In the CzechRepublic, detoxificationunits are situated in 16 inpatient facilities with beds designated for this purpose. An additional 12 inpatient facilities provided detoxification in beds which were not specifically designated for this intervention. A total of 6, people underwent detoxification from addictive substances, including 3, cases of addiction to illegal drugs, during the year under observation. There are 36 prisons in the Czech Republic where drug users are provided with drug-free zones and various types of counsellingand treatmentservices, such as drug preventioncounselling centres and specialised wings for both voluntary and court-ordered treatment programmes. Almost no changes in their number occurred in ; the number of prisons providing detoxificationrose from 4 to 5. Eight prisons provided methadonesubstitution treatmentin The care of drug-using inmates was complemented by additional services delivered by 15 non-governmental organisations in 32 prisons. It is estimated that approximately one quarter of the individuals starting their prisonsentencewho may be referred to as problem drug users are placed in specialised prison wings or other departments providing professional care, such as drug-free zones. The number of low-thresholdprogrammes for drug users has fluctuated around on a year-on-year basis. In the past six years, however, a significant increase in the number of clients in contact with these has been observed. There has also been a long-term rise in the number of contacts with IDUs and the amount of injecting equipment and paraphernalia exchanged; almost 5 million hypodermic needles and syringes were distributed in The programmes for the distribution of gelatine capsules as an oral alternative to the administration of pervitinby injecting have also expanded. According to the available information, there are at least 30 capsule programmes in the Czech Republic, with one quarter of their clients being actively involved in the provision of the services. Almost 60 thousand capsules were handed out in The past three years experienced a gradual increase in the number of tests for infectious diseases carried out among drug users in contact with low-thresholdservices. In comparison to the previous years, however, the rate of tests for infections performed on clients of low-threshold services remains relatively low. Specific harm reductionservices aimed at club and dance settings were provided by four organisations as part of five programmes in However, the provision of these interventions has been discouraged recently. In the Czech Republic, the treatmentand care of people infected with HIVor with AIDS is provided at seven AIDS centres and is predominantly covered by health insurance; the provision of dispensary care and therapy for uninsured HIV-positive clients, which potentially also applies to injecting drug users, poses a problem. A questionnaire surveywas conducted in centres for the treatment of viral hepatitisin the spring of Its outcomes included the estimate that injecting drug users mostly ex-IDUs were treated for viral hepatitis C in 39 centres in Almost 2. Almost 1. There has been a long-term increase in the number of people prosecutedfor drug-related offences, and the proportion of people prosecuted for the possessionof drugs for personal use is also rising. From the long-term perspective, there has been an increase in the number of pervitin-related drug crimes, while offending associated with ecstasyand heroinrecorded a decline; the number of cocaine-related cases remains relatively small. Out of the aggregate of Marijuana and methamphetamine pervitin were the most widely available drugs in The popularity and availability of cocaineis increasing. The prices and purity of drugs are stable or within the range where moderate year-on-year fluctuations may be observed in certain substances. The majority of the marijuanaproduced is intended for the domestic market. Part of the production of cannabisgrown under artificial lighting is well organised and mostly involves people of Vietnamese origin. The number of cannabis plantations detected is also growing — were discovered. Pervitin is made by domestic manufacturers, particularly in small home labs. Nevertheless, the large-scale production of pervitin, controlled by organised groups originating from Vietnam or Albania, is becoming a common practice. Pervitin is generally manufactured using medication containing pseudoephedrine, mainly imported from Poland. The drug is primarily intended for the Czech market. A minor proportion of the production is exported abroad, particularly to Germany, which is especially facilitated by German citizens who are involved in the individual traffickingof small quantities as part of drug tourism. A total of Cocaine is mainly associated with the recreational and nightlifesettings in the CzechRepublic. In addition to Albanians, Romanians, and Bulgarians, people originally from West Africa, mostly Nigeria, are engaged in the import and distribution of cocaine. The body cavities of couriers swallowers are used to smuggle the drug. Couriers bring cocaine directly from South America or from Western European countries. Since there has been an increase in both the number of seizures and the quantity of the cocaine seized; the year recorded 42 seizures of cocaine in a total quantity of The demand for heroinon the Czech market is satisfied by means of small shipments up to 10 kg , and the drug is diluted mostly with paracetamol and caffeine before being sold at the street level. The quantity of the heroin seized and the number of seizures remain stable; there are approximately 50— seizures annually, involving a total quantity of 20—40 kg. Since the Czech Republic has experienced a rise in the emergence of legal highs. They are substances with effects similar to traditional drugs such as pervitin, marijuana, ecstasy, and hallucinogens, but are not subject to international and national illicit drug control systems, as they are not scheduled as illegal narcotic and psychotropic substances. They are primarily imported from Asia China, in particular and include mainly synthetic cannabinoids and cathinone derivatives, especially mephedrone. In the Customs Administration seized and analysed approximately kg of new synthetic drugs including 80 kg of mephedrone. In response to the increased supply of legal highs, Act No. This annual report concludes with three chapters on selected issues addressing in greater detail the interventions for drug users in prison, drug-using parentsand their children, and drug tourism. The first chapter provides a thorough summary of drug-related health policies and services within the prison system of the CzechRepublic in the context of the general health care provided to incarcerated offenders. The aim of the second selected issue is to cover the prevalenceof pregnant drug users and those users who are already parents of minor children and trends and characteristics pertaining to them, as well as describing specific services designed for such users and their children in the Czech Republic. Given the complex nature of the topic and the lack of data, the last chapter on a selected issue provides a rather unsystematic outline of information about the association between cross-border travel and drug use, or drug tourism, in the CzechRepublic. Use of Psych. Medicines in Czechia Report on Illicit Drugs in Czechia Our publications Focused bulletin Reports on the situation in the field of addiction. Summary of the Annual Report on the Drug Situation in the Czech Republic The preparation and enforcement of the national drug policyis the responsibility of the Government of the CzechRepublic. Back to top. Map of Aid.