Understanding Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Overview

Dr. Sheetu Singh

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) refers to a condition where the muscles supporting the soft tissues in your throat, including the tongue and soft palate, momentarily relax during sleep. This relaxation leads to a constriction or closure of the airway, resulting in temporary pauses in breathing. Among the various types of sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea is the most common. An audible indication of this condition is snoring.

Certain factors and populations are more susceptible to experiencing obstructive sleep apnea. It is more prevalent in men and individuals assigned male at birth before the age of 50, but it affects both women and individuals assigned the gender they were born with equally. Obesity or being overweight significantly increases the risk of developing this condition. Additionally, black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals are more likely to experience obstructive sleep apnea.

Causes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles in the back of the throat relax excessively, hindering normal breathing. These muscles support the soft palate, which is located at the back of the mouth, as well as the tongue, tonsils, uvula, and the dangling tissue known as the epiglottis. When these muscles relax during inhalation, the airway becomes narrower or closes, making breathing difficult for durations of ten seconds or longer. This can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the blood and a buildup of carbon dioxide.

Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea often experience breathing difficulties upon awakening, which can be resolved with one or two deep breaths. Snorting, choking, or gasping sounds may occur. This cycle of interrupted breathing can repeat anywhere from five to more than thirty times per hour throughout the night.

Signs and Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

People with sleep apnea often wake up feeling as though they had trouble breathing or may not remember awakening at all. Symptoms of sleep apnea are typically most noticeable in the morning. Throughout the night, individuals with this condition experience intermittent pauses in breathing. While loud snoring is a common sign of sleep apnea, the condition also has significant negative effects on overall health.

The following signs and symptoms may indicate obstructive sleep apnea: choking or gasping during sleep, loud snoring, morning headaches, waking up with a dry or sore mouth, excessive daytime sleepiness, mood changes such as irritability or depression, high blood pressure, and decreased libido.

Understanding obstructive sleep apnea is crucial for recognizing its signs and seeking appropriate medical attention. If you suspect you or someone you know may be experiencing sleep apnea, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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