Types of sports tourism
SPORTS TOURISM
2.1. Types of sports tourism
Sports tourism is active, and often extreme.
small form of travel. It implies autonomous overcoming
long distances and various local obstacles,
which requires the tourist to be physically strong, in good health and
giving different skills.
Unlike conventional routes, tracks for sports tourism
ma are classified by difficulty levels. They are defined on
the presence of all kinds of obstacles on the way: peaks, passes,
canyons, rocks, glaciers, rapids, etc. Overcoming mar-
shrutes of a certain length and complexity gives the tourist the right
in order to receive a sports title - from the youth category to
master of sports of international class.
Sports tourism is one of the most popular types
sports. It has a long history and traditions that
hold not only the sports component, but also a special worldview
acceptance of adventure lovers, as well as an unusual way of life.
Sports tourism includes many different types of
boards:
- mountaineering - the conquest of mountain peaks and the passage of the pass
fishing along certain routes;
- mountain tourism - hiking at an altitude of more than 3000 m with overcoming
eat local obstacles;
- hiking - moving on the plains and in the mountains
terrain at an altitude of less than 3000 m;
- water tourism - rafting, canoeing, kayaking,
rafting, sailing tourism;
- autotourism - rally and other races on routes containing
categorized obstacles;
- ski tourism - ski slopes, snowboarding, racing
cross-country skiing;
- cycling tourism - bike rides of varying complexity, which
mand competitions in cycling races.
Combined sports tourism is often practiced, which
where on one route travelers have to overcome
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obstacles inherent in various types of tourism. Such a form
The competition was called tourist all-around. Sports
ny tourism is group tourism, as a rule, the team includes
dit five to ten people.
2.2. Geography of sports tourism in the Russian Federation
Speleotourism involves visiting natural or man-
creative caves and labyrinths. It is interesting for the variety of their reliefs.
fa, creating obstacles for passage (wells, blockages, narrow
cracks, underground rivers, etc.), as well as extreme - unfavorable
pleasant - physical conditions (high humidity and lack of
natural lighting). All this brings an element to speleotourism
adventure and makes it incredibly popular among young people.
In total, in the Caucasus, Altai, the Urals, open and surveyed
There are more than 5 thousand caves. The most interesting of them are
text objects. These are, in particular, the caves (mines) of the Caucasus:
Snezhnaya, Mezhennoy, Pantyukhin, etc. In the Perm region, popu-
unique Kungur caves and among them Ledyanaya, in Chelya-
Binskaya - caves Kurguzak and Sikiyaz-Tamak cave
plex, and multi-tiered labyrinths are interesting in the Penza region
from the cells of the ancient monks, of which so far have been completed and are available
tourists only two tiers.
Alcázar de San Juan and its mills
Alhambra castle may have an Umayyad origin
Almagro – a historic-artistic complex
Calatrava la Nueva – a medieval castle and convent
Campo de Criptana and its windmills
Ciudad Real and its attractions
Doña Berenguela castle – a former Moorish fortress
Lagunas de Ruidera Natural Park
Palace of the Marquis of Santa Cruz – the headquarters of the General Archive of the Spanish Navy
Peñarroya castle dates back to 1198
Villanueva de los Infantes – National Historic Site
Archaeological Park of Segóbriga
Belmonte castle – one of the most emblematic in Spain
Garcimuñoz castle and its architecture
Toba reservoir on the Júcar river
Uña lagoon – a part of the Serranía de Cuenca natural park
Almonacid de Zorita and its attractions
Entrepeñas reservoir and its water activities
One of the most popular types of outdoor activities is skiing.
tourism, since most of the Russian Federation has snow
lies for several months of the year. This is not only multi-day trips
dy through forests, hills and fields, but also through the taiga, tundra, archipelagos
and ice (including in the Arctic), mountains.
Mountain tourism is a journey in the mountains along the slopes, ridges,
glaciers, through passes and mountain streams. Most often under the mountain
tourism means only mountaineering, but meanwhile
geotourism and mineralogical tourism are also worn. Mountaineering
considered an extreme sport because it is associated with real
hazards - overcoming steep slopes and ridges, crevices,
cracks, as well as the risk of falling into avalanches, rockfalls,
mudflows - in conditions of bad weather, low atmospheric pressure
and high solar radiation. Especially extreme mountaineering
in winter time.
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The most popular mountain tourism in Russia is in North Ossetia,
Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia, Krasnodar and Stavropol
edges, in the Murmansk region. In Altai, in the Greater and Lesser Kavka-
ze, Chersky Ridge, Khibiny and other mountains, hundreds of al-
pinist routes, all conditions have been created for the participants of this
type of tourism. In the summer in the mountains you can meet geotourists and mineral
dens (for example, in the Khibiny and the Urals) or hang gliders
(Black Sea coast of the Caucasus).
Water tourism - trips along rivers, lakes, seas and reservoirs
people on inflatable boats (rafts), collapsible kayaks, katama-
wounds, rafts, etc. Combines elements of cognition, active
recreation, health improvement and sports and is available to all healthy people.
Water tourism is widely developed on large flat rivers (Volga,
Oka, Yenisei, etc.) and passable mountain rivers of the Urals, Altai, Caucasus
(Katun, Belaya, Mzymta, etc.).
Especially the water kayak and raft trips are amazing
where they pass through lake-river systems, in particular, in Ka-
Relii - along the rivers Okhta and Yuzhnaya Shuya. Also popular are the round-the-world
ki" - water tours that begin and end in one
and the same place: Zhiguli boat trip around the world (from Samara down
along the Volga, dragging to the Usa River and then again along the Volga to Samara),
Orshinskaya in the Tver region, etc.
Bicycle tourism is travel and sports trips
cycling on the plain, ravines, sands, mountain paths, rivers
(wading) on road, sports and mountain bikes (mountain bikes)
pedah. This type of transport is the most environmentally friendly. Cycling tourism is developing
has been brewing in Russia since the end of the 19th century: in the early 1890s, amateur
cycling trips were organized by the Moscow–
St. Petersburg-Paris". Cyclists are suitable asphalt or
sand and gravel roads of local importance in the Central region
and the Volga region, as well as forest and mountain roads of the Urals (Middle and South
nogo) and the foothills of the Caucasus. Go on multi-day trips
groups of four to six people. In the Krasnodar Territory - Red
Polyany (Caucasus) - annually takes place the championship of Russia in mountain
tinbaiku, where athletes and travelers compete in a trial,
rally, overcoming an obstacle course, etc.
Galve de Sorbe castle was built in the 15th century for the house of Zúñiga
Guadalajara and its attractions
Jadraque castle dates to the late 15th century
Monastery of Santa María de Monsalud – an old Cistercian monastery
Molina de Aragón and its castle – one of the biggest in Spain
Recópolis – an ancient city of Visigothic origin
Sigüenza – a historic-artistic complex
Torija castle first built by the Knights Templar in the 11th century
Zorita de los Canes castle was declared a Historic-Artistic Monument in 1931
Barcience castle dates back to the XV century
Casarrubios del Monte castle dates back to the 15th century
Castillo de la Vela was declared a historical monument of art in 1931
El Toboso – the homeland of Dulcinea, a character from Don Quixote de la Mancha
Guadamur castle was declared a historical-artistic monument
Escalona and its castle-palace
La Puebla de Montalbán and its attractions
Orgaz castle was built in the 14th century
Puñoenrostro castle dates back to the XIV century
Talavera de la Reina and its pottery craft
National Museum of Science and Industry of Catalonia
Salvador Claret Automobile Collection
Monastery of Santa Maria de Pedralbes
Monastery of Sant Feliu de Cadins
Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes
Monastery of Santa Maria de Bellpuig de les Avellanes
Royal Abbey of Santa Maria de Poblet
Sanctuary de la Mare de Déu de Lord
Sanctuary of the Virgin of Montserrat de Montferri
Abandoned places: Radio Liberty Station, Pals
Abandoned places: The Torre Blanca fortifications of Castellciutat in La Seu D’Urgell
Rome Aqueduct of Ferreras (Devil’s Bridge)
Roman arch in Tarragona province
Rural house with bas-reliefs at Llers
Segre Olympic rafting Park in La Seu D’Urgell
Vall de Boí and its UNESCO churches
Traveling on horseback - equestrian tourism - has a health-
formidable impact. Where the population traditionally breeds
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horses - in Altai, in Bashkiria, Buryatia, Adygea, Karachay-
Circassia, Chuvashia, Central Russia (Oryol region) and Si-
biri (Kemerovo region and Krasnoyarsk Territory), - this type of tourism
has been developing for over 30 years. It is becoming more and more popular,
new routes are being added - in the Moscow region, Murmansk
and Samara regions, in the foothills of the Krasnodar Territory.
Most horse routes pass through forest and mountain
paths, steppes, meadows and fields, ravines, along the banks of rivers and lakes. On Mar-
Shrute provides self-service (cooking
and caring for a horse), living in the field in the summer or on
camp sites in winter. Tours in which completely non-
experienced riders will tell you in firms. However, some
solid equestrian trips require preparation: they are allowed
well-trained travelers.
2.3. Geography of sports tourism abroad
Sports tourism is widespread almost all over the world.
mu ball. Its world centers are the region of the Alps in Europe,
Himalayan and Tibetan mountains, east coast of Australia,
US states of Colorado and California.
The Alps are quite rightly considered the Mecca of skiing.
sports and mountaineering. There are hundreds of camp sites and shelters,
hosting tourists from all over the world all year round.
The best ski resorts are located in Switzerland, Austria
ria, France and Italy. Due to the presence of 49 peaks, the height of which
ryh exceeds 4000 m, and developed tourism infrastructure, the Alps
extremely popular with climbers and trekking enthusiasts.
Until the 1980s, the Himalayas were interesting mainly
climbers, but nowadays sports tourism in this region
did not become much more diverse. People come here for adrenaline
rafting, hang gliding, skiing, snowboarding
ding and other extreme entertainment.
Australia and Oceania are the leading macro-region of the world
RA on development of water sea tourism. Here regularly
competitions in windsurfing and water skiing are held, and thanks to
giving the purity of the sea, the local coast is ideal for practicing
diving. New Zealand is home to one of the world's centers
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moat of extreme sports - Queenstown. Every year he visits
there are 1.5 million tourists practicing rafting, bungee (flights in
mouth on a rubber rope), skydiving and paragliding.