Types of allophones and the main features of the phoneme

Types of allophones and the main features of the phoneme




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inventory of the Ukrainian language
The phonological system of Ukrainians is characterized by a rich variety of allophone forms, which are produced by different phonemic contrasts.
In this paper, the types of allophonic variants of the word-initial and word-final consonants are described, as well as their main features.
The paper contains a detailed description of the allophonemes of the Ukrainan word-initial stops, voiced and voiceless fricatives, and of the vowels.
inventory of the Russian language.

inventory of a native language.

inventory of Finnish.

system in the English language.
The main features and types of allophone systems in the languages of native speakers of English are described. The concept of allophony is extended to the study of this system. The main types of phonemic allomorphy are described, including the types of allomorphs of the vowels, consonants, and their combinations. Allophonic variations in English presented in the literature are analyzed in a systematic way for each type of allophonic unit.
A variety of allophonic phenomena are described in this article: allophony of vowels, allophony in consonants, allophone of a consonant after an allophone, and allophone with a stop. The main feature of the allophone is its ability to change the phonetic properties of the sound system. Examples of allophone phenomena are provided from the Russian language.
/j/ in the Russian language.
The article deals with the main types of allophonic variation of /j/, the most frequent phoneme in the modern Russian language, and with some of its main features.
It is shown that the phonological variation of the /j/ phoneme is a complex phenomenon.
This phoneme may be divided into two groups: the first group includes allophones that are phonologically equivalent to /j/, and the second group includes allophone variants that are not phonologically equal to /j/.
The main features in the phonemes of English, German, and French are analyzed. For this purpose, the data on the allophones of this phoneme in Germanic languages are gathered and discussed. It is found that the allophone is not only a type of phoneme but also a kind of phonological unit, i.e., the phonologically relevant allophonic variation of an individual phoneme, which can be subdivided into a plurality of different types.
inventory of a language.

inventory of Georgian.
The phoneme inventories of 15 languages are compared and analysed. The main features (transitivity, degree of phonemicisation and number of allophone types) of the Georgian phoneme inventory are described and discussed. It is shown that a large number of Georgian allophones are similar to the allophonic features of other languages and that this feature is not unique to Georgian.
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