Transsexual Teens

Transsexual Teens
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Children and adolescents who are transgender
"Trans girl" and "Trans boy" redirect here. For trans adults, see Trans woman and Trans man .
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject . You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate. ( January 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

^ Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People (PDF) . World Professional Association for Transgender Health . 2012. pp. 20–21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2020 . Retrieved 25 November 2020 .

^ "Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People" (PDF) . American Psychological Association . Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2019 . Retrieved 17 July 2020 .

^ "Supporting and Caring For Transgender Children" (PDF) . American Academy of Pediatrics . Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2021 . Retrieved 17 July 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Giovanardi, Guido (1 September 2017). "Buying time or arresting development? The dilemma of administering hormone blockers in trans children and adolescents" . Porto Biomedical Journal . 2 (5): 153–156. doi : 10.1016/j.pbj.2017.06.001 . ISSN 2444-8664 . PMC 6806792 . PMID 32258611 . It is now acknowledged, for instance, that children's GD/GV persists after puberty in only 10–30 per cent of all cases; when it does not, the children are referred to as ‘desisters’. At present, there is no way to predict which individuals will or will not suffer from GD into adolescence or adulthood. However, ‘persisters’, whose GD continues into adolescence, are more likely to experience GD in adulthood (to a degree of almost 80 per cent).

^ Jump up to: a b Ristori, Jiska; Steensma, Thomas D. (2 January 2016). "Gender dysphoria in childhood". International Review of Psychiatry . 28 (1): 13–20. doi : 10.3109/09540261.2015.1115754 . PMID 26754056 . S2CID 5461482 . The conclusion from these studies is that childhood GD is strongly associated with a lesbian, gay, or bisexual outcome and that for the majority of the children (85.2%; 270 out of 317) the gender dysphoric feelings remitted around or after puberty (see Table 1)....When considering the development of children with GD; studies show that gender dysphoric feelings eventually desist for the majority of children with GD, and that their psychosexual outcome is strongly associated with a lesbian, gay, or bisexual sexuality which does not require any medical intervention, instead of an outcome where medical intervention is required

^ Jump up to: a b Ashley, Florence (2 September 2021). "The clinical irrelevance of "desistance" research for transgender and gender creative youth" . Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity . doi : 10.1037/sgd0000504 . ISSN 2329-0390 . S2CID 239099559 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 . Retrieved 3 March 2022 .

^ Jump up to: a b Newhook, Julia Temple; Pyne, Jake; Winters, Kelley; Feder, Stephen; Holmes, Cindy; Tosh, Jemma; Sinnott, Mari-Lynne; Jamieson, Ally; Pickett, Sarah (3 April 2018). "A critical commentary on follow-up studies and "desistance" theories about transgender and gender-nonconforming children" . International Journal of Transgenderism . 19 (2): 212–224. doi : 10.1080/15532739.2018.1456390 . ISSN 1553-2739 . S2CID 150338824 .

^ Jump up to: a b Steensma, Thomas (2018). "A critical commentary on "A critical commentary on follow-up studies and "desistence" theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children" " . International Journal of Transgenderism . 19 (2): 225–230. doi : 10.1080/15532739.2018.1468292 . S2CID 150062632 . Archived from the original on 27 January 2022 . Retrieved 22 January 2022 – via Taylor & Francis Online.

^ Jump up to: a b Said, Hashem (3 October 2014). "Young trans people still struggling for social acceptance" . Al Jazeera America . Archived from the original on 22 August 2019 . Retrieved 21 April 2016 .

^ Ford Jr., Ron; Ford, Vanessa (3 June 2016). "Opinion | Parents of transgender child: Our magnetic 5-year-old is not a threat to anyone" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 31 August 2021.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hunt, J., & Moodie-Mills, A. (2012). The unfair criminalization of gay and transgender youth: An overview of the experiences of LGBT Youth in the Juvenile Justice System Archived 11 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Washington, DC: Center for American Progress.

^ Catalpa, Jory M.; McGuire, Jenifer K. (1 February 2018). "Family Boundary Ambiguity Among Transgender Youth". Family Relations . 67 (1): 88–103. doi : 10.1111/fare.12304 . ISSN 1741-3729 .

^ Le, Victory; Arayasirikul, Sean; Chen, Yea-Hung; Jin, Harry; Wilson, Erin C (1 July 2016). "Types of social support and parental acceptance among transfemale youth and their impact on mental health, sexual debut, history of sex work and condomless anal intercourse" . Journal of the International AIDS Society . 19 (3 (Suppl 2)): 20781. doi : 10.7448/ias.19.3.20781 . ISSN 1758-2652 . PMC 4949317 . PMID 27431467 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Riley, Elizabeth; Sitharthan, Gomathi; Clemson, Lindy; Diamond, Milton (April 2013). "Recognising the needs of gender-variant children and their parents". Sex Education . 13 (6): 644–659. doi : 10.1080/14681811.2013.796287 . S2CID 146453141 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "Supporting & Caring for Transgender Children | Human Rights Campaign" . Human Rights Campaign . Archived from the original on 29 April 2019 . Retrieved 20 April 2018 .

^ Katz-Wise, Sabra L.; Budge, Stephanie L.; Orovecz, Joe J.; Nguyen, Bradford; Nava-Coulter, Brett; Thomson, Katharine (2017). "Imagining the future: Perspectives among youth and caregivers in the trans youth family study" . Journal of Counseling Psychology . 64 (1): 26–40. doi : 10.1037/cou0000186 . PMC 5224913 . PMID 28068129 .

^ Horton, Cal (2020). "Thriving or Surviving? Raising Our Ambition for Trans Children in Primary and Secondary Schools" . Frontiers in Sociology . 5 : 67. doi : 10.3389/fsoc.2020.00067 . PMC 8022833 . PMID 33869473 .

^ Ryan, Caitlin; Russell, Stephen T.; Huebner, David; Diaz, Rafael; Sanchez, Jorge (1 November 2010). "Family Acceptance in Adolescence and the Health of LGBT Young Adults" . Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing . 23 (4): 205–213. doi : 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00246.x . ISSN 1744-6171 . PMID 21073595 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "Serving transgender youth: Challenges, dilemmas, and clinical examples" . PsycNET.apa.org . Archived from the original on 26 August 2015 . Retrieved 21 April 2016 .

^ Grossman, Arnold H.; D'Augelli, Anthony R. (1 October 2007). "Transgender Youth and Life-Threatening Behaviors". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior . 37 (5): 527–537. doi : 10.1521/suli.2007.37.5.527 . ISSN 1943-278X . PMID 17967119 .

^ "Family Acceptance Project — Helping LGBT Youths" . www.socialworktoday.com . Archived from the original on 24 February 2021 . Retrieved 26 January 2021 .

^ Stevens, Jaime; Gomez-Lobo, Veronica; Pine-Twaddell, Elyse (1 December 2015). "Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth" . Pediatrics . 136 (6): 1029–1031. doi : 10.1542/peds.2015-2849 . ISSN 0031-4005 . PMID 26527547 . Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 . Retrieved 3 March 2021 .

^ Alegría, Christine Aramburu (1 October 2016). "Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice". Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners . 28 (10): 521–527. doi : 10.1002/2327-6924.12363 . ISSN 2327-6924 . PMID 27031444 . S2CID 22374099 .

^ Mahfouda, Simone; Moore, Julia K; Siafarikas, Aris; Zepf, Florian D; Lin, Ashleigh (2017). "Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents". The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . Elsevier BV. 5 (10): 816–826. doi : 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2 . ISSN 2213-8587 . PMID 28546095 . The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits."

^ Rafferty, Jason (October 2018). "Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents" . Pediatrics . 142 (4): e20182162. doi : 10.1542/peds.2018-2162 . PMID 30224363 . Archived from the original on 19 July 2019 . Retrieved 23 July 2019 . Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam’s apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.

^ Hembree, Wylie C; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T; Gooren, Louis; Hannema, Sabine E; Meyer, Walter J; Murad, M Hassan; Rosenthal, Stephen M; Safer, Joshua D; Tangpricha, Vin; T'Sjoen, Guy G (November 2017). "Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline" . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism . 102 (11): 3881. doi : 10.1210/jc.2017-01658 . PMID 28945902 . Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains

^ Rafferty, Jason (October 2018). "Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents" . Pediatrics . 142 (4): e20182162. doi : 10.1542/peds.2018-2162 . PMID 30224363 . Archived from the original on 19 July 2019 . Retrieved 23 July 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b Rosenthal SM (2016). "Transgender youth: current concepts" . Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab . 21 (4): 185–192. doi : 10.6065/apem.2016.21.4.185 . PMC 5290172 . PMID 28164070 .

^ Giovanardi, Guido (1 September 2017). "Buying time or arresting development? The dilemma of administering hormone blockers in trans children and adolescents" . Porto Biomedical Journal . 2 (5): 153–156. doi : 10.1016/j.pbj.2017.06.001 . ISSN 2444-8664 . PMC 6806792 . PMID 32258611 .

^ de Vries, Annelou L. C.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T. (2012). "Clinical management of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: the Dutch approach". Journal of Homosexuality . 59 (3): 301–320. doi : 10.1080/00918369.2012.653300 . ISSN 1540-3602 . PMID 22455322 . S2CID 11731779 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Shapiro, Lila. "New Report Offers A Look At 'Survival Sex' and the LGBTQ Youth Who Are Turning To It" . The Huffington Post . Archived from the original on 26 August 2017 . Retrieved 13 May 2017 .

^ Beattie, Cameron (1 January 2022). "High court should not restrict access to puberty blockers for minors" . Journal of Medical Ethics . 48 (1): 71–76. doi : 10.1136/medethics-2020-107055 . ISSN 0306-6800 . PMID 33593872 . S2CID 231939788 . Archived from the original on 20 January 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ Kremen, Jessica; Williams, Coleen; Barrera, Ellis P.; Harris, Rebecca M.; McGregor, Kerry; Millington, Kate; Guss, Carly; Pilcher, Sarah; Tishelman, Amy C.; Baskaran, Charumathi; Carswell, Jeremi (1 May 2021). "Addressing Legislation That Restricts Access to Care for Transgender Youth" . Pediatrics . 147 (5): e2021049940. doi : 10.1542/peds.2021-049940 . ISSN 0031-4005 . PMID 33883246 . S2CID 233351473 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ Hoffman, Neal D.; Alderman, Elizabeth M. (1 December 2021). "Improving Our Understanding of Medical Decision-Making Competence in Puberty Suppression" . Pediatrics . 148 (6): e2021053451. doi : 10.1542/peds.2021-053451 . ISSN 0031-4005 . PMID 34850190 . S2CID 240421673 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ Giordano, Simona; Garland, Fae; Holm, Soren (1 May 2021). "Gender dysphoria in adolescents: can adolescents or parents give valid consent to puberty blockers?" . Journal of Medical Ethics . 47 (5): 324–328. doi : 10.1136/medethics-2020-106999 . ISSN 0306-6800 . PMID 33692171 . S2CID 232172479 . Archived from the original on 20 January 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ Vrouenraets, Lieke Josephina Jeanne Johanna; Fredriks, A. Miranda; Hannema, Sabine E.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; de Vries, Martine C. (1 October 2016). "Perceptions of Sex, Gender, and Puberty Suppression: A Qualitative Analysis of Transgender Youth" . Archives of Sexual Behavior . 45 (7): 1697–1703. doi : 10.1007/s10508-016-0764-9 . ISSN 1573-2800 . PMC 4987409 . PMID 27251640 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ Clark, Beth A.; Marshall, Sheila K.; Saewyc, Elizabeth M. (1 February 2020). "Hormone therapy decision-making processes: Transgender youth and parents" . Journal of Adolescence . 79 : 136–147. doi : 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.016 . ISSN 0140-1971 . PMID 31972534 . S2CID 210882333 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ Priest, Maura (1 February 2019). "Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm" . The American Journal of Bioethics . 19 (2): 45–59. doi : 10.1080/15265161.2018.1557276 . ISSN 1526-5161 . PMID 30784385 . S2CID 73456261 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ Winters, Kelley; Temple Newhook, Julia; Pyne, Jake; Feder, Stephen; Jamieson, Ally; Holmes, Cindy; Sinnott, Mari-Lynne; Pickett, Sarah; Tosh, Jemma (3 April 2018). "Learning to listen to trans and gender diverse children: A Response to Zucker (2018) and Steensma and Cohen-Kettenis (2018)" . International Journal of Transgenderism . 19 (2): 246–250. doi : 10.1080/15532739.2018.1471767 . ISSN 1553-2739 . S2CID 149606144 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2022 .

^ "Puberty blockers: Under-16s 'unlikely to be able to give informed consent' " . BBC News . December 2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020 . Retrieved 29 December 2020 .

^ Siddique, Haroon (17 September 2021). "Appeal court overturns UK puberty blockers ruling for under-16s 17 September 2021" . Guardian . Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021 . Retrieved 17 September 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b Milrod, Christine (2014). "How Young is Too Young: Ethical Concerns in Genital Surgery of the Transgender MTF Adolescent". Journal of Sexual Medicine . 11 (2): 338–346. doi : 10.1111/jsm.12387 . PMID 24238576 .

^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (PDF) . American Psychiatric Association. 1978. pp. 576–582. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 16 December 2015 .

^ "Malta breaks EU taboo on trans-gender rights" . euobserver.com . Archived from the original on 25 November 2015 . Retrieved 27 October 2015 .

^ Mckinley, Jesse (5 October 2016). "For Transgender Youths in New York, It Would Be a Health Care Milestone" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 9 December 2017 . Retrieved 3 March 2017 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Grossman, Arnold H.; D'augelli, Anthony R. (2006). "Transgender youth: Invisible and vulnerable". Journal of Homosexuality . 51 (1): 111–128. doi : 10.1300/j082v51n01_06 . PMID 16893828 . S2CID 2939809 .

^ Stein, Edward (2012). "Commentary on the Treatment of Gender Variant and Gender Dysphoric Children and Adolescents: Common Themes and Ethical Reflections". Journal of Homosexuality . 59 (3): 480–500. doi : 10.1080/00918369.2012.653316 . PMID 22455332 . S2CID 26620767 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Grossman, Arnold H.; D'Augelli, Anthony R. (2007). "Transgender Youth and Life‐Threatening Behaviors". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior . 37 (5): 527–537. doi : 10.1521/suli.2007.37.5.527 . PMID 17967119 .

^ Tobin, Valerie; Delaney, Kathleen R. (19 May 2019). "Child abuse victimization among transgender and gender nonconforming people: A systematic review". Perspectives in Psychiatric Care . Wiley. 55 (4): 576–583. doi : 10.1111/ppc.12398 . ISSN 0031-5990 . PMID 31104337 . S2CID 159038640 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Gender Minority and Homeless Transgender Population". National Health Care for the Homeless Council: In Focus . 3 (1). 2014.

^ "Housing & Homelessness" . National Center for Transgender Equality . Archived from the original on 25 November 2015 . Retrieved 24 November 2015 .

^ Halcon, Linda; Lifson, Alan (2004). "Prevalence and predictors of sexual risks among homeless youth". Journal of Youth and Adolescence . 33 : 71–80. doi : 10.1023/a:1027338514930 . ISSN 0047-2891 . S2CID 73034882 .

^ Endocrine Society Guidelines The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 102, Issue 11, 1 November 2017, Pages 3869–3903, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01658 Archived 3 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine
• http://sherbourne.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Guidelines-and-Protocols-for-Comprehensive-
Primary-Care-for-Trans-Clients-2015.pdf

^ Sentinel, Orlando. "Clinics to start hormone therapy services for transgender people" . OrlandoSentinel.com . Archived from the original on 2 November 2016 . Retrieved 1 November 2016 .

^ Greytak, Emily; Kosciw, Joseph; Diaz, Elizabeth (2009). "Harsh Realities: The Experiences of Transgender Youth in Our Nation's Schools" . GLSEN Research. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015 . Retrieved 12 October 2015 .

^ Kosciw, Joseph G.; Greytak, Emily A.; Diaz, Elizabeth M. (2009). "Who, what, where, when, and why: Demographic and ecological factors contributing to hostile school climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth". Journal of Youth and Adolescence . 38 (7): 976–988. doi : 10.1007/s10964-009-9412-1 . PMID 19636740 . S2CID 14479123 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d "Peer Violence and Bullying Against transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth" (PDF) . National Center for Transgender Equality. May 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2016 . Retrieved 13 May 2017 .

^ Johns, Michelle M. (2019). "Transgender Identity and Experiences of Violence Victimization, Substance Use, Suicide Risk, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students — 19 States and Large Urban School Districts, 2017" . MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report . 68 (3): 67–71. doi : 10.15585/mmwr.mm6803a3 . ISSN 0149-2195 . PMC 6348759 . PMID 30677012 .

^ "Malta Adopts Ground-breaking Trans and Intersex Law". TGEU: Transgender Europe. 1 April 2015.

^ Emily Alpert Reyes (28 January 2014). "Transgender Study Looks At 'Exceptionally High Suicide-Attempt' Rate" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 10 May 2015 . Retrieved 13 May 2017 .

^ Grant, Jaime M.; Mottet, Lisa A.; Tanis, Justin. "Injustice At Every Tu
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