Tourism gives a constant impetus to the development of 53 sectors
According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO),
tourism gives a constant impetus to the development of 53 sectors of each
national economy.
Statistics show a steady pace of development of
rism. The beginning of the new millennium was marked not only by the rise
moment of the international tourist movement, but also the emergence of new
trends in the development of this industry.
In the all-Russian classifier of economic activity,
There is no such thing as "tourism". But tourism can and should
make a significant contribution to our country's GDP. For this, it has
a huge cultural and natural potential.
The main goal of work in the domestic tourism industry is a comprehensive
development of domestic and inbound tourism, taking into account the provision of eco-
economic and sociocultural progress in the regions of Russia, and
new tasks - the formation of an affordable and comfortable tourist
environment, improving the quality and competitiveness of Russian
tourist product in the domestic and world markets,
development of social, health-improving, children's, youth
ski and youth tourism.
For the large-scale development of tourism in our country,
specialists who know the specifics of the organization of each type of tourism
and capable of applying it in the conditions of Russian reality.
The materials presented in this manual will allow students to study
students in the direction 100400.62 "Tourism", to gain knowledge in
classification of tourism, the internal structure of tourism activities
ness, main types and subtypes of tourism. The manual gives a character-
ristics of territories and regions of their distribution, disclosed particular
the benefits of the practical organization of special types of tourism.
Control questions and test tasks are also presented,
own consolidation of the acquired knowledge.
The material presented in the manual is necessary when studying the following
following disciplines: "Introduction to the direction of professional
activities”, “Tourist and recreational design”, “Orga-
nization of tourism activities”, “Main types of tourism”,
"Tourist centers of the world" and "Tour operating".
7
1. CLASSIFICATION OF THE MAIN TYPES OF TOURISM
1.1. Specificity of tourism: current state and trends
development
Now the tourism market is undergoing global changes. This is
and the departure of customers online, and changes related to the political
and the economic situation in the world. The Russian tourist industry has its own
specificity - dumping wars and bankruptcies of large tour operators
moat, upcoming changes in tourism legislation.
Among the positive factors affecting tourism, noted
the rapid development of Internet technologies. Now the client has
located anywhere in the world, it is possible to operate
it is irritating to receive information about the product of interest to him and
consult with a specialist online.
The negative factors affecting the tourism business include increased
ongoing dumping, higher taxes, increased environmental
ical fees.
The importance of social media in tourism is rapidly growing.
For example, the leading cruise company Cunard Line actively uses
uses Twitter and Facebook and supports its employees by
on social media. Many tourist administrations
leading countries of the world are actively inviting bloggers,
publish their materials on their official portals. Tourist clients
Russian companies, including the luxury segment (luxury) - active
social media members.
In Russia, a very favorable situation is emerging for the development
segment of this segment: the number of Internet users is growing rapidly
neta, and the Russians are one of the leaders in the world in terms of the amount of time,
conducted on the network.
In the light of recent events in the tourism industry, the state
yat four major tasks: protecting rights and ensuring security
of traveling Russians, creation of conditions for the development of infra-
structures of inbound and domestic tourism; Russia's advance on
global tourism market and at the same time protecting society and the environment
environment from the problems that tourism entails. The tourist market is
is influenced by global problems that cannot be solved
sew within one state. That is why it is now
development of international quality standards for the provision of travel services.
Spain and ita travel guide
San Juan De Los Terreros and its beaches
Roquetas de Mar and its beaches
Níjar – one of the largest municipalities of Spain
Lucainena de las Torres and its attractions
Tabernas castle dates back to the 11th century
Gérgal Castle has been listed as a Site of Cultural Interest since 1985
Oasys Mini Hollywood – Spanish Western-styled theme park
La Línea de la Concepción – a westernmost resort of the Costa del Sol
Algeciras ranked as the 16th busiest port in the world
San Roque was the first enclave of Campo de Gibraltar to be declared a historical-artistic complex
Sanlúcar de Barrameda is internationally renowned for beach horse racing
Chipiona and its tallest lighthouse in Spain
El Puerto de Santa María – the City of a Hundred Palaces
Jerez de la Frontera – the world capital of sherry wine
Cádiz and its Victoria Beach – best urban beach in Europe
Tarifa – where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean
Vejer de la Frontera and its historic center
Conil de la Frontera and its beaches
Chiclana de la Frontera has the largest number of hotel beds in the Costa de la Luz
Cordoba has more World Heritage Sites than anywhere in the world
The Iznájar reservoir is the largest in Andalusia
Motril is synonymous with sugar cane
Pampaneira and its attractions
The development of Internet technologies, thanks to which tourists receive
Chile the opportunity to contact directly with foreign tourists
companies is a challenge for the Russian tourist industry. If the Russians
completely go to the market of international bookings, will lose
both business and government.
The domestic tourism industry is not yet ripe for a full-fledged
transition to self-regulation. Now there is a discussion of creating a pool
liability insurance companies
tour operators, as well as compulsory reinsurance of risks.
The state needs to establish statistical records of foreign
strange tourists. In addition, it is necessary to prioritize
political or economic - in the development of tourism. For example,
from an economic point of view, it is inexplicable why Turkish and Chinese
Thai tourists can visit Russia without visas, while Japanese, American
Canadians, Western Europeans - no. A different approach is needed to promote
ing of Russia, because many interesting tourist places
for foreigners are still "white spots" on the map
our country.
1.2. Definition of the main types of tourism
In modern domestic and foreign literature,
There are many approaches to the definition of the concept of "tourism".
These approaches are based on various features and can be
grouped into several groups:
- tourism as a temporary movement of people, their being outside
permanent habitat and temporary stay at the facility, you
arousing tourist interest;
- tourism as a complex socio-economic system, the basis
which constitutes a diversified industrial complex,
called the tourism industry;
- tourism as a segment of the market economy, where mutual
there are various enterprises of the economic complex with the
I offer a product that satisfies the tourist interest;
- tourism as temporary departures of citizens and stateless persons
in free time from a permanent place of residence to a health resort
educational, professional, sports, religious,
nine
business, educational and other purposes for a period of at least 24 hours
and no more than six months and without engaging in paid activities
in a place of temporary residence.
The latest definition of "tourism" is the most
complete, as it takes into account all the features that distinguish tourism
from travel and other types of movement. The most important sign
determining tourist movements is a person's free time.
Leisure time in tourism should be understood as vacation time,
holidays, weekends and holidays, the time after leaving the
pension.
Capileira and its parish church
Lanjarón and its mineral waters
Granada – noble, loyal, named great, famous and heroic city
The castle of Moclín named ‘Hins Al-Muqlin’ during the Nasrid kingdom
The Abbey of Sacromonte and its museum
Ayamonte and Isla Canela beach – the westernmost resort on Costa de la Luz
Almonaster la Real and its Mosque from the 10th century
Alcalá la Real and its fortress of La Mota
Jaén – world capital of olive oil
Baños de la Encina and its castle
Úbeda – a World Heritage Site by UNESCO
Baeza – a World Heritage Site by UNESCO
Segura de la Sierra and its castle
The Alcaudete castle was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural monument in 1949
Saint Catherine’s Castle – former Moorish fortress
Nerja – the easternmost resort of Costa del Sol
Frigiliana and its white colors
La Cala de Mijas and its towers
Fuengirola and its attractions
Benalmádena is one of the municipalities with the largest hotel offer on the Costa del Sol
Torremolinos – one of the main spots of musical and nightlife in Spain
Malaga – one of the oldest cities in Europe
Rincón de la Victoria and its caves
El Puerto de La Duquesa and its castle
Casares – the prototype of the Andalusian white village
Genalguacil and its Museum of Contemporary Art
Colomares castle – the largest monument in the world to Christopher Columbus
Automobile and Fashion Museum in Malaga
Utrera and its historic center
Seville and its UNESCO heritage
Los Molares castle and its history
The second important feature of tourism is the purpose of movement. In the definition
These goals are clearly indicated in the lenium: health-improving, cognitive,
professional, sports, religious, business, educational
solid.
The third sign establishes the time frame of the tourist
relocation - not less than 24 hours and not more than six months, which through
is extremely important for tourism statistics and tourism economics.
industry.
The fourth feature that characterizes tourist movements,
provides for the impossibility of engaging in paid activities
stay at the place of temporary stay. This means that the tourist
in addition to free time, he must also have free money
the means that he is willing to spend for certain purposes,
associated with rest and recovery of the body.
Tourism in the modern world finds expression in various phenomena.
yah, connections and relationships, which determines the need for its classification
fications, i.e., groupings according to separate homogeneous characteristics, for-
depending on certain practical purposes.
The most common classification of tourism is
its division into types, categories, kinds and forms.
The type of tourism is determined by nationality
tourists.
In accordance with WTO recommendations for a separate
There are three types of tourism in the country:
- internal - travel of citizens within the state
the borders of one's own country;
- entry - travel of non-residents within the state
nyh borders of any country;
- outbound - travel of residents of one country to any
another country.
ten
These types of tourism are combined in different ways,
forming categories of tourism:
To Madrid (Madrid community) 5 hr (532 km) via A-66 and A-5
To Barcelona (Catalonia) 9 hr 47 min (993 km) via A-4 and AP-7
To Valencia (Valencian community) 6 hr 24 min (654 km) via A-4 and A-3
To Murcia (Murcian community) 5 hr 5 min (523 km) via A-92
To Merida (Extremadura) 2 hr 2 min (193 km) via A-66
To Toledo (Castile-La Mancha) 4 hr 37 min (477 km) via A-4
To Zaragoza (Aragon) 7 hr 57 min (847 km) via A-5 and A-2
To Valladolid (Castile and Leon) 5 hr 33 min (587 km) via A-66
To Santiago de Compostela (Galicia) 8 hr 28 min (890 km) via A-66
To Oviedo (Asturias) 7 hr 15 min (779 km) via A-66
To Santander (Cantabria) 7 hr 44 min (830 km) via A-66
To Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque community) 7 hr 44 min (824 km) via A-66 and A-62
To Pamplona (Navarre) 8 hr 34 min (915 km) via A-66 and A-62
To Logroño (La Rioja) 7 hr 57 min (838 km) via A-66 and A-62
Alhama de Aragón and its castle
Anento and its red architecture
Aragon sea – black bass fishing
Calatayud and its fortified enclosure
tourism within the country, including domestic and inbound
tourism;
national tourism, including domestic and outbound
tourism;
international tourism, including inbound and outbound
tourism;
These categories can be used in relation to
specific country, region within a given country, or to a region including
spanning several countries.
The functional classification of types of tourism is determined
purpose of travel. According to this feature, there are
the following main types of tourism:
- recreational;
- health-improving;
- informative;
- business;
- sports;
- ethnic;
- religious;
- transit;
- educational.
The most common is recreational and educational
body tourism.
Recreational tourism is very diverse
and may include entertainment programs, hunting, fishing
beam, musical and artistic creativity, visits to sports
active events as a spectator, etc.
Medical and health tourism is driven by the need
in the treatment of various diseases and the improvement of the body
after illnesses. Here you can talk about tours with
solely for therapeutic purposes, for the treatment of any serious diseases
treatment, rehabilitation after injuries, accidents, operations and tours of medical
but-improving, in order to maintain youth, beauty
and health, relieve stress and fatigue.
Cognitive (excursion) tourism includes
trips to get acquainted with the natural, historical and cultural
eleven
sights, museums, theaters, traditions of peoples
in the visited country. The trip may include educational
nye and recreational purposes at the same time.
Business tourism covers travel with official or
professional purposes without receiving income at the place of time
my stay. To this type of tourism, the WTO classifies trips for
participation in congresses, scientific congresses and conferences, production
military meetings and seminars, fairs, exhibitions, salons,
as well as for negotiating and concluding contracts, mon-
tazha and adjustment of equipment.
Business tourism includes: business trips, congress and exhibition
ny tourism and incentive tourism (from the English. incentive - incentive, incentive
dening). Incentive tourism is a trip provided by
given by the management of the company to its employees free of charge as
rewards for good work. Incentive tours, as a rule,
watch good quality service according to the “everything” system
included." The total share of business tourism is from 10 to 20%
in international tourism.