Touchy Feely Reality Kings

Touchy Feely Reality Kings
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Reported By: | Edited By: |Source: ANI |Updated: Mar 12, 2018, 02:30 AM IST
"Touchy-feely" bionic hands have come closer to reality as researchers are exploring new approaches to designing prosthetic hands capable of providing "sensory feedback".

University of Michigan's Paul S Cederna and colleagues wrote that emerging sensory feedback techniques will provide some sensation and enable more natural, intuitive use of hand prostheses, adding that these breakthroughs pave the way to the development of a prosthetic limb with the ability to feel.

According to the researchers, upper limb loss is a "particularly devastating" form of amputation, since a person's hands are their tools for everyday function, expressive communication and other uniquely human attributes. The functional, psychological, economic, and social impact is even greater since most upper limb amputations occur in young, otherwise healthy individuals.

Current robotic prostheses approach the fine dexterity provided by the human hand, but these advances have outpaced developments in providing sensory feedback from artificial limb. The lack of sensation is the key limitation to reestablishing the full functionality of the natural limb, they noted. Providing some sense of touch to the artificial hand would lessen the cognitive burden of relying solely on vision to initiate and monitor movements, while also providing tremendous psychological benefits for patients.

The review focuses on recent and emerging technologies to create sensory interfaces with the peripheral nerves to provide feeling to prostheses. Already in use is a technique called sensory substitution.
A promising newer technique is targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR), in which nerves are transferred to provide sensation to intact muscles and overlying skin. Another "next generation" approach is the use of optogenetic technology to control nerve signaling using specific light wavelengths.
Researchers wrote that the ultimate goal is to develop a prosthesis that closely mimics the natural limb, both in its ability to perform complex motor commands and to elicit conscious sensation.

The study is published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

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A force-feedback device, combined with new software, lets users feel, as well as see, virtual objects. Connected to a computer workstation via PCI bus, the PHANToM(reg) force-feedback system incorporates motors, motion sensors, and mechanical linkage to convey the sense of touch.

GHOST(reg) software processes signals from motion sensors on the PHANToM arm. It then calculates feedback force and instructs the system's three motors as to how much resistance should be applied to the stylus or thimble, which forms the operator interface.

Point contact forces compute directly from volume data for a strong correspondence between the image on the screen and the force-feedback system. Potential application? Surgical simulation via the haptic device and digital medical images.

SensAble Technologies Inc., 215 First St., Cambridge, MA 02142, (617) 621-0150.

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