Типы Вагин
🛑 👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻 ЗА ПОДРОБНОСТЯМИ ЖМИ ЗДЕСЬ 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻
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Affiliation
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium .
Gilbert G G Donders et al .
BJOG .
2002 Jan .
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Abstract
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Affiliation
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium .
Donders GGG, Bellen G, Grinceviciene S, Ruban K, Vieira-Baptista P .
Donders GGG, et al .
Res Microbiol . 2017 Nov-Dec;168(9-10):845-858 . doi: 10 .1016/j .resmic .2017 .04 .004 . Epub 2017 May 11 .
Res Microbiol . 2017 .
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Donders GG, Van Calsteren K, Bellen G, Reybrouck R, Van den Bosch T, Riphagen I, Van Lierde S .
Donders GG, et al .
BJOG . 2009 Sep;116(10):1315-24 . doi: 10 .1111/j .1471-0528 .2009 .02237 .x . Epub 2009 Jun 17 .
BJOG . 2009 .
PMID: 19538417
Vicariotto F, Mogna L, Del Piano M .
Vicariotto F, et al .
J Clin Gastroenterol . 2014 Nov-Dec;48 Suppl 1:S106-12 . doi: 10 .1097/MCG .0000000000000226 .
J Clin Gastroenterol . 2014 .
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Clinical Trial .
Thomason JL, Gelbart SM, Scaglione NJ .
Thomason JL, et al .
Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1991 Oct;165(4 Pt 2):1210-7 . doi: 10 .1016/s0002-9378(12)90729-2 .
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Mendling W .
Mendling W .
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Serretiello E, et al .
Antibiotics (Basel) . 2021 Sep 20;10(9):1133 . doi: 10 .3390/antibiotics10091133 .
Antibiotics (Basel) . 2021 .
PMID: 34572715
Free PMC article .
Shen CJ, Yang CY, Chen HY, Chen WC, Chang TC, Cheng CM .
Shen CJ, et al .
J Healthc Eng . 2021 Aug 6;2021:4948954 . doi: 10 .1155/2021/4948954 . eCollection 2021 .
J Healthc Eng . 2021 .
PMID: 34394891
Free PMC article .
Auriemma RS, Scairati R, Del Vecchio G, Liccardi A, Verde N, Pirchio R, Pivonello R, Ercolini D, Colao A .
Auriemma RS, et al .
Front Cell Infect Microbiol . 2021 Jul 6;11:686167 . doi: 10 .3389/fcimb .2021 .686167 . eCollection 2021 .
Front Cell Infect Microbiol . 2021 .
PMID: 34295836
Free PMC article .
Review .
Bitew A, Mengist A, Belew H, Aschale Y, Reta A .
Bitew A, et al .
Infect Drug Resist . 2021 Jul 13;14:2685-2696 . doi: 10 .2147/IDR .S305329 . eCollection 2021 .
Infect Drug Resist . 2021 .
PMID: 34285521
Free PMC article .
Fan C, Dai Y, Zhang L, Rui C, Wang X, Luan T, Fan Y, Dong Z, Hou W, Li P, Liao Q, Zeng X .
Fan C, et al .
Front Microbiol . 2021 Apr 7;12:651426 . doi: 10 .3389/fmicb .2021 .651426 . eCollection 2021 .
Front Microbiol . 2021 .
PMID: 33897665
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Objective:
To define an entity of abnormal vaginal flora: aerobic vaginitis .
Design:
Observational study .
Setting:
University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium .
Sample:
631 women attending for routine prenatal care or attending vaginitis clinic .
Methods:
Samples were taken for fresh wet mount microscopy of vaginal fluid, vaginal cultures and measurement of lactate, succinate and cytokine levels in vaginal fluid . Smears deficient in lactobacilli and positive for clue cells were considered to indicate a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis . Aerobic vaginitis was diagnosed if smears were deficient in lactobacilli, positive for cocci or coarse bacilli, positive for parabasal epithelial cells, and/or positive for vaginal leucocytes (plus their granular aspect) .
Results:
Genital complaints include red inflammation, yellow discharge, vaginal dyspareunia . Group B streptococci, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and trichomonas vaginalis are frequently cultured . Vaginal lactate concentration is severely depressed in women with aerobic vaginitis, as in bacterial vaginosis, but vaginal succinate is not produced . Also in contrast to bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis produces a host immune response that leads to high production of interleukin-6, interleukin-1-beta and leukaemia inhibitory factor in the vaginal fluid .
Conclusion:
Aerobic vaginitis is associated with aerobic micro-organisms, mainly group B streptococci and E . coli . Its characteristics are different from those of bacterial vaginosis and elicit an important host response . The most severe form of aerobic vaginitis equals desquamative inflammatory vaginitis . In theory, aerobic vaginitis may be a better candidate than bacterial vaginosis as the cause of pregnancy complications, such as ascending chorioamnionitis, preterm rupture of the membranes and preterm delivery .
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Affiliation
1 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA .
H L Martin et al .
J Infect Dis .
1999 Dec .
Format
Abstract
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Affiliation
1 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA .
Schwebke JR .
Schwebke JR .
J Infect Dis . 2005 Oct 15;192(8):1315-7 . doi: 10 .1086/462430 . Epub 2005 Sep 9 .
J Infect Dis . 2005 .
PMID: 16170746
No abstract available .
McClelland RS, Richardson BA, Hassan WM, Chohan V, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Kiarie J, Jaoko W, Ndinya-Achola JO, Baeten JM, Kurth AE, Holmes KK .
McClelland RS, et al .
J Infect Dis . 2008 May 15;197(10):1361-8 . doi: 10 .1086/587490 .
J Infect Dis . 2008 .
PMID: 18444793
Free PMC article .
Clinical Trial .
Sewankambo N, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Paxton L, McNaim D, Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Li C, Kiwanuka N, Hillier SL, Rabe L, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Konde-Lule J .
Sewankambo N, et al .
Lancet . 1997 Aug 23;350(9077):546-50 . doi: 10 .1016/s0140-6736(97)01063-5 .
Lancet . 1997 .
PMID: 9284776
Nardis C, Mosca L, Mastromarino P .
Nardis C, et al .
Ann Ig . 2013 Sep-Oct;25(5):443-56 . doi: 10 .7416/ai .2013 .1946 .
Ann Ig . 2013 .
PMID: 24048183
Review .
Low N, Chersich MF, Schmidlin K, Egger M, Francis SC, van de Wijgert JH, Hayes RJ, Baeten JM, Brown J, Delany-Moretlwe S, Kaul R, McGrath N, Morrison C, Myer L, Temmerman M, van der Straten A, Watson-Jones D, Zwahlen M, Hilber AM .
Low N, et al .
PLoS Med . 2011 Feb 15;8(2):e1000416 . doi: 10 .1371/journal .pmed .1000416 .
PLoS Med . 2011 .
PMID: 21358808
Free PMC article .
Review .
Bonneton M, Huynh BT, Seck A, Bercion R, Sarr FD, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Vray M .
Bonneton M, et al .
BMC Infect Dis . 2021 Oct 23;21(1):1090 . doi: 10 .1186/s12879-021-06767-4 .
BMC Infect Dis . 2021 .
PMID: 34688270
Free PMC article .
Wolf EA, Rettig HC, Lupatsii M, Schlüter B, Schäfer K, Friedrich D, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J .
Wolf EA, et al .
Int J Mol Sci . 2021 Oct 6;22(19):10815 . doi: 10 .3390/ijms221910815 .
Int J Mol Sci . 2021 .
PMID: 34639153
Free PMC article .
Review .
Naicker D, Ramsuran V, Naicker M, Dessai F, Giandhari J, Tinarwo P, Abbai N .
Naicker D, et al .
S Afr J Infect Dis . 2021 Jun 17;36(1):199 . doi: 10 .4102/sajid .v36i1 .199 . eCollection 2021 .
S Afr J Infect Dis . 2021 .
PMID: 34485489
Free PMC article .
Connolly KL, Pilligua-Lucas M, Gomez C, Costenoble-Caherty AC, Soc A, Underwood K, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Jerse AE .
Connolly KL, et al .
J Infect Dis . 2021 Aug 16;224(Supplement_2):S152-S160 . doi: 10 .1093/infdis/jiab211 .
J Infect Dis . 2021 .
PMID: 34396408
Josephs-Spaulding J, Krogh TJ, Rettig HC, Lyng M, Chkonia M, Waschina S, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Møller-Jensen J, Kaleta C .
Josephs-Spaulding J, et al .
Front Cell Infect Microbiol . 2021 Jul 22;11:562525 . doi: 10 .3389/fcimb .2021 .562525 . eCollection 2021 .
Front Cell Infect Microbiol . 2021 .
PMID: 34368008
Free PMC article .
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A prospective cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between vaginal colonization with lactobacilli, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and sexually transmitted diseases in a population of sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya . In total, 657 HIV-1-seronegative women were enrolled and followed at monthly intervals . At baseline, only 26% of women were colonized with Lactobacillus species . During follow-up, absence of vaginal lactobacilli on culture was associated with an increased risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection (hazard ratio [HR], 2 .0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1 .2-3 .5) and gonorrhea (HR, 1 .7; 95% CI, 1 .1-2 .6), after controlling for other identified risk factors in separate multivariate models . Presence of abnormal vaginal flora on Gram's stain was associated with increased risk of both HIV-1 acquisition (HR, 1 .9; 95% CI, 1 .1-3 .1) and Trichomonas infection (HR, 1 .8; 95% CI, 1 .3-2 .4) . Treatment of BV and promotion of vaginal colonization with lactobacilli should be evaluated as potential interventions to reduce a woman's risk of acquiring HIV-1, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis .
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Vaginal yeast infections are very common, happening to over 1 million women in the United States each year . A type of vaginitis, a vaginal yeast infection is caused by a specific type of yeast called candida . You always have yeast in your body, but when it grows rapidly, you can get an infection .
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Vaginal Candidiasis . (www .cdc .gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/) Accessed 10/28/2019 .
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . Vaginitis . (www .acog .org/Patients/FAQs/Vaginitis) Accessed 10/28/2019 .
US Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health . Vaginal Yeast Infections . (www .womenshealth .gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections) Accessed 10/28/2019 .
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Cleveland Clinic’s Ob/Gyn & Women’s Health Institute is committed to providing world-class care for women of all ages . We offer women's health services, obstetrics and gynecology throughout Northeast Ohio and beyond . Whether patients are referred to us or already have a Cleveland Clinic ob/gyn, we work closely with them to offer treatment recommendations and follow-up care to help you receive the best outcome .
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Throughout your life, you may experience a vaginal yeast infection several times . Though uncomfortable, these infections are common . A vaginal yeast infection is a condition characterized by burning, itching, redness, and a white discharge from the vagina and vulva . These infections are caused by something that’s already in your body—a fungal body (yeast) called candida . Yeast is a type of fungus and candida is a specific type of yeast . When this yeast is balanced with the ecosystem of your body, there are no problems . But when that balance is disrupted, the yeast rapidly grows and you can get a yeast infection .
Vaginal yeast infections are also called vulvovaginal candidiasis or vaginal candidiasis . A vaginal yeast infection is actually a type of vaginitis , a condition where the vagina is swollen, painful and creates a discharge . There are several types of vaginitis—each with similar symptoms—but vaginal yeast infections are one of the most common .
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center . Advertising on our site helps support our mission . We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services .
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Vaginal yeast infections are very common and happen to over 1 million women in the United States every year . These infections are the second most common cause of vaginitis .
It may be strange to think about, but fungus normally lives in several places within your body . One type of fungus—more specifically, yeast (a type of fungus)—that you have living in your mouth, digestive tract and vagina is candida . Normally, candida doesn’t cause a problem . It is supposed to be in your body . However, there is a careful balancing act constantly happening within your body and when it tilts one way or another, you may become sick .
There are several conditions you can develop when candida goes out of balance . If you develop a lot of the fungus in your mouth, it’s called thrush . If it develops in your vagina, it’s a vaginal yeast infection .
The loss of chemical balance in your vagina can cause candida to multiply . This can happen for a lot of reasons, including:
There are several tell-tale signs of a vaginal yeast infection . These symptoms can include:
In some cases, another symptom of a vaginal yeast infection can be pain during sex .
A vaginal yeast infection is diagnosed by your healthcare provider . You will need to go in for an appointment and discuss your symptoms . Your healthcare provider may need to take a sample of discharge from your vagina to confirm the yeast infection . The combination of your symptoms and the sample of discharge will tell your healthcare provider what type of yeast infection you have and help determine the best way to treat the infection .
When thinking about treatment for a vaginal yeast infection, it is important to know that there are many different types of yeast . Your healthcare provider may discuss different types of treatment depending on the type of yeast infection .
Your doctor will typically treat a vaginal yeast infection with an antifungal medication . This type of medication is specifically used to combat overgrowths of yeast in the body .
There are two forms of medication: oral or topical . Oral medications are taken by the mouth, while topical medications are applied to the affected area . Topical medications may include boric acid, nystatin, miconazole or clotrimazole . Your healthcare provider will give you information about each form of medication and directions on how to properly use each one . It is important to always follow your provider’s instructions when using these medications to make sure that the infection is fully resolved and doesn’t return .
Sometimes you can treat a vaginal yeast infection with over-the-counter medicines . However, you may want to avoid this if you aren’t completely sure that it’s actually a yeast infection . It is usually best to talk to your healthcare provider and make sure you are getting the right treatment for the condition .
You often can prevent vaginal yeast infections by making a few lifestyle changes . These changes can include:
If you have diabetes, it is important to keep your blood sugar level as close to normal as possible . Controlling your diabetes can help prevent vaginal yeast infections .
The symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection are similar to other conditions . If you have any questions, a physical exam by your healthcare provider will help .
If you frequently have yeast infections, you should have a discussion with your healthcare provider . Your provider may:
Your healthcare provider will use your test results to make sure you are receiving the right treatment . It can be important to treat the underlying cause while treating your yeast infection . Controlling the reason for the infection can help prevent future vaginal yeast infections .
Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 10/26/2019 .
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center . Advertising on our site helps support our mission . We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services .
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Отправляя письмо, я соглашаюсь с правилами
обработки персональных данных .
Женщины не часто видят вагины других женщин — в основном в порно, но мы-то знаем, что там всё далеко от реальности . Поэтому они иногда комплексуют по поводы формы своих половых губ . Мастер восковой эпиляции, который повидал за свою жизнь несколько сотен вагин, выделил 5 типов самых распространённых форм . Вот они:
Не знаем, приносит ли эта подкова удачу, но главное — верить . Вариант, когда малые губы видно, но к низу их прикрывают большие губы, как бы защищая влагалище от мудаков .
Так большинство себе представляют женскую вагину, но, по иронии судьбы, такой тип встречается реже всего из этого списка .
Малые половые губы видно по всей их длине, и они на одном уровне с большими .
Похож на тип «Барби», только губы тут немного ниже . Они могут быть пухлыми или немного дряблыми, это не зависит от возраста .
Самый распространённый тип . Малые половые губы расположены ниже больших .
Ваше сообщение отправлено . Спасибо, что написали нам
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Type-Specific Cervico-Vaginal Human Papillomavirus Infection Increases Risk of HIV Acquisition Independent of Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
Karen K . Smith-McCune,
Stephen Shiboski,
Mike Z . Chirenje,
Tsitsi Magure,
Jennifer Tuveson,
Yifei Ma,
Maria Da Costa,
Anna-Barbara Moscicki,
Joel M . Palefsky,
Rudo Makunike-Mutasa
Table 1 . Demographic, behavioral, and biological/clinical characteristics of participants at baseline (N = 2040) .
Table 2 . Prevalent HPV infection as a predictor of HIV acquisition .
Table 3 . Persistent and non-persistent HPV infection as predictors of HIV acquisition .
Table 4 . Concurrent HPV infection as a predictor of HIV acquisition .
Table 5 . Recent HPV infection (within 6 months of HIV acquisition visit) as a predictor of HIV acquisition .
References 1 .
Bjorge T, Engeland A, Luostarinen T, Mork J, Gislefoss RE, et al . (2002) Human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for anal and perianal skin cancer in a prospective study . Br J Cancer 87: 61–64 .
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2 .
Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, et al . (2003) Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer . N Engl J Med 348: 518–527 .
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3 .
Group TFIS (2007) Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions . N Engl J Med 356: 1915–1927 .
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Типы Вагин
Секс Старой Женщины
Частное Фото Раком
Видео Сосет Член