Time Travelers Wife

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Time Travelers Wife
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This article is about the 2003 novel. For the 2009 film, see The Time Traveler's Wife (film) . For the 2022 HBO television series, see The Time Traveler's Wife (TV series) .

^ Clara Chow, "Perfect timing", The Straits Times (10 July 2004). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Rebecca Caldwell, "A first novel anointed by Brad and Jennifer", The Globe and Mail (18 November 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Benedicte Page, "A highly unusual marriage", Bookseller 5100 (24 October 2003). EBSCO (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Kate Zambreno , " Woman on the Edge of Time ", The Independent (23 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b Todd Glasscock, " Time Bending: An Interview with Audrey Niffenegger Archived 27 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine ", Exile on Ninth Street (19 November 2008). Retrieved 3 July 2009.

^ Kristina Tom, "Lady in waiting no more", The Straits Times (23 July 2006). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

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^ Jump up to: a b c Lisa Allardice, " A kind of magic Archived 12 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine ", The Guardian (10 October 2005). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Lawrence Donegan, "America's most wanted: The Time Traveler's Wife, written by an unknown author and launched by a tiny publisher, will be the must-read for 2004" Archived 11 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine , The Observer (14 December 2003). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b Heidi Benson, " Time traveler takes off ", The San Francisco Chronicle (28 September 2003). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ David Sexton, " Backwards and foreplay ", The Evening Standard (12 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c Heidi Darroch, "Temporally-challenged lovers", National Post (13 December 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Misha Davenport, "Writer enjoys the ride", Chicago Sun-Times (17 September 2003). Access World News (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b Terence M. Green , "A timely romance", The Globe and Mail (1 November 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b Marc Mohan, "Love and Other Disasters, Time shifts in a heartbeat in this novel relationship", The Oregonian (26 October 2003). Access Word News (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Audrey Niffenegger, " Inquisitiveness and Desire Archived 21 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine ", Powells.com. Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c Charlie Lee-Potter, "The Time-Traveler's Wife by Audrey Niffenegger" , The Independent (18 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c Natasha Walter, " Back to the future Archived 12 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine ", The Guardian (31 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Judith Maas, "An uneven chronicle of a couple over time", The Boston Globe (8 December 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Audrey Niffenegger, The Time Traveler's Wife , (Orlando: Harvest Book/Harcourt Inc., 2003), 428–429. ISBN 978-0-15-602943-8 .

^ Dan Falk, In Search of Time: The Science of a Curious Dimension (New York: Macmillan, 2008), 197.

^ Luke Leitch, " You're only as good as your second novel Archived 8 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine ", The Times (17 March 2009). Retrieved 10 May 2009.

^ Staff, " Blockbusters back from the dead Archived 21 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine ", The New Zealand Herald (31 March 2009). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b Michelle Griffin, "The times of their lives", The Age (31 January 2004). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Charles DeLint, "Review of The Time Traveler's Wife", The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction 106.5 (May 2004). Gale: Canadian Periodical Index (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c Stephen Amidon, "Back from the future", The Times (25 January 2004). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Carey Harrison, "Love conquers all—even time—in this tale", Chicago Tribune (5 October 2003). Access World News (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Miriam Shaviv, "Love, once upon a time", The Jerusalem Post (28 November 2003). Access World News (subscription only). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ David A. Beronä, "Review of The Time Traveler's Wife", Library Journal 128.13 (15 August 2003). EBSCO (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.

^ Molly Driscoll (24 September 2013). "The Time Traveler's Wife Gets a Sequel" . The Christian Science Monitor . Archived from the original on 28 August 2016 . Retrieved 24 September 2013 .

^ "I am Audrey Niffenegger, artist and writer of The Time Traveler's Wife, Her Fearful Symmetry, and Raven Girl. AMA!" . 13 February 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017 . Retrieved 19 October 2021 .

^ 2004 Locus Awards Archived 1 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine . www.locusmag.com. Retrieved 9 May 2009.

^ The Time Traveler's Wife . www.orangeprize.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ 2005 Arthur C. Clarke Awards Archived 15 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine . www.locusmag.com Retrieved 9 May 2009.

^ 2005 Campbell Awards Archived 16 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine . www.locusmag.com. Retrieved 9 May 2009.

^ Boeke Award Winners Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine , www.exclusivebooks.com. Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ 2006 Geffen Awards Archived 18 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine . www.locusmag.com. Retrieved 9 May 2009.

^ British Book Awards Archived 27 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine . www.publishingnews.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Sue Arnold, " Falling in love again ", The Guardian (22 October 2005). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ Kathryn Leide, Booklist 100.12 (15 February 2004). EBSCO (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.

^ Dave McNary, "Rubin rewriting 'Time'" Archived 3 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine , Variety (2 January 2007). Retrieved 4 May 2009.

^ Carl DiOrio, "Warners moves up 'Traveler's" , The Hollywood Reporter (16 March 2009). Retrieved 4 May 2009.

^ Michael Fleming and Dave McNary, "New Line finds its cast on 'Time' Archived 27 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine , Variety (17 April 2007). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ James Cowan, "Niffenegger's first book, and it's about time", National Post (3 December 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.

^ MetaCritic Archived 27 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine . The Time Traveler's Wife . Retrieved 4 November 2009.

^ Manohla Dargis, " So Sorry, I Lost My Clothes Years Ago Archived 19 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine ", The New York Times (14 August 2009). Retrieved 16 September 2009.

^ Andreeva, Nellie (31 July 2018). " The Time Traveler's Wife Adaptation From Steven Moffat Gets Drama Series Order at HBO" . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on 7 March 2021 . Retrieved 5 August 2018 .

^ Goldberg, Lesley (31 July 2018). " Time Traveler's Wife Drama From Steven Moffat Scores HBO Green Light" . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on 1 August 2018 . Retrieved 5 August 2018 .

^ Andreeva, Nellie (25 February 2021). "Rose Leslie & Theo James To Star In 'The Time Traveler's Wife' HBO Series" . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on 19 October 2021 . Retrieved 1 March 2021 .

^ Meyer, Dan (5 March 2021). "Musical Adaptation of The Time Traveler's Wife Sets Sights on U.K. Bow" . Playbill . Archived from the original on 5 March 2021 . Retrieved 3 March 2021 .

^ Niffenegger, Audrey [@aaniffenegger] (5 March 2021). "To clarify: the theatrical rights belong to Warner, not me" (Tweet) . Retrieved 13 March 2021 – via Twitter .

^ "The Time Traveller's Wife musical to premiere in September ahead of West End run | WhatsOnStage" . www.whatsonstage.com . Retrieved 1 June 2022 .

^ "The Time Traveller's Wife - a new musical to have world premiere at Storyhouse" . Storyhouse . 14 February 2022 . Retrieved 1 June 2022 .


The Time Traveler's Wife is the debut novel by American author Audrey Niffenegger , published in 2003. It is a love story about Henry, a man with a genetic disorder that causes him to time travel unpredictably, and about Clare, his wife, an artist who has to cope with his frequent absences. Niffenegger, who was frustrated with love when she began the novel, wrote the story as a metaphor for her failed relationships. The tale's central relationship came to Niffenegger suddenly and subsequently supplied the novel's title. The novel has been classified as both science fiction and romance .

The book was published by MacAdam/Cage, a small publishing firm located in San Francisco , California . The book became a bestseller after an endorsement from author and family friend Scott Turow on NBC 's Today . As of March 2009, the novel had sold nearly 2.5 million copies in the United States and the United Kingdom . Many reviewers were impressed with Niffenegger's unique perspective on time travel. Some praised her characterization of the couple, applauding their emotional depth; while others criticized her writing style as melodramatic and the plot as emotionally trite. The novel won the Exclusive Books Boeke Prize and a British Book Award .

Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema acquired the film and television rights to the book. A film adaptation was released in 2009, and a television series premiered on HBO and HBO Max on May 15th, 2022.

Using alternating first-person perspectives , the novel tells the stories of Henry DeTamble (born 1963), a librarian at the Newberry Library in Chicago , as he visits a child who will later become his wife, Clare Anne Abshire (born 1971), an artist who makes paper sculptures, with the aid of his uncontrolled ability to time travel. Henry has a rare genetic disorder, which later comes to be known as Chrono-Impairment. This disorder causes Henry to involuntarily travel through time. When 20-year-old Clare meets 28-year-old Henry at the Newberry Library in 1991 at the beginning of the novel, he has never seen her before, although she has known him most of her life.

Henry begins time traveling at the age of five, jumping forward and backward relative to his own timeline. When he vanishes, where he goes, and how long his trips will last are beyond his control. However, his destinations are tied to his subconscious—he most often travels to places and times related to his own history. Certain stimuli such as stress can trigger Henry's time traveling; he often goes jogging to keep calm and remain in the present. He searches out pharmaceuticals in the future that may be able to help control his time traveling. He also seeks the advice of a geneticist, Dr. Kendrick. Henry cannot take anything with him into the future or the past, which means that he always arrives naked and then struggles to find clothing, shelter, and food. He does amass a number of survival skills, including lock-picking, self-defense, and pickpocketing . Much of this he learns from older versions of himself.

Once Henry and Clare's timelines converge "naturally" at the library—their first meeting in his chronology—Henry starts to travel to Clare's childhood and adolescence in South Haven, Michigan , beginning in 1977 when she is only six years old. On one of his early visits (from Clare's perspective), Henry gives her a list of the dates he will appear and she writes them in a diary so she will remember to provide him with clothes and food when he arrives. During another visit, Henry inadvertently reveals that they will be married in the future. Over time they develop a close relationship. At one point, Henry helps Clare frighten and humiliate a boy who abused her. Clare is last visited in her youth by Henry in 1989, on her eighteenth birthday, during which they make love for the first time. They are then separated for two years until their meeting at the library.

Clare and Henry eventually marry. Soon after their marriage, Clare begins to have trouble bringing a pregnancy to term because of the genetic anomaly Henry is presumably passing on to the fetus. After five miscarriages , Henry wishes to save Clare further pain and has a vasectomy . However a version of Henry from the past visits Clare one night and they make love; she subsequently gives birth to a daughter named Alba. Alba is diagnosed with Chrono-Impairment as well but, unlike Henry, she has some control over her destinations when she time travels. Before she is born, Henry travels to the future and meets his ten-year-old daughter on a school field trip. Unfortunately, during this trip, he learns that he dies when Alba is five-years old.

When he is 43, during what is to be his last year of life, Henry time travels to a Chicago parking garage on a frigid winter night where he is unable to find shelter. As a result of the hypothermia and frostbite he suffers while sleeping in the parking garage, his feet are amputated when he returns to the present time. Both Henry and Clare know that without the ability to escape when he time travels, Henry will certainly die within his next few jumps. On New Year's Eve 2006 Henry time travels into the middle of the Michigan woods in 1984 and is accidentally shot by Clare's brother, a scene foreshadowed earlier in the novel. Henry returns to the present and dies in Clare's arms.

Clare is devastated by Henry's death. She later finds a letter from Henry telling her to "stop waiting" for him, though it also describes a moment in her future when she will see him again. The couple reunites when Clare is 82 years old and Henry is 43. The novel's last scene shows a time when Clare, well into her old age, still waits for Henry, as she has done most of her life.

Niffenegger is an artist who teaches at the Center for Book and Paper Arts at Columbia College Chicago , where she prepares editions of handpainted books. [2] She produced some of her earlier works in editions of ten copies, which were sold in art galleries. However, she decided that The Time Traveler's Wife would have to be a novel: "I got the idea for the title, and when I draw I have this big drawing table covered with brown paper, and I write ideas down on the paper. So I wrote down this title and after a while I started to think about it. I couldn't think of a way to make it a picture book because still pictures don't represent time very well, so I decided to write a novel." [3] She was intrigued by the title because "it immediately defined two people and their relationship to each other". [2] Niffenegger said that its source was an epigraph to J. B. Priestley 's 1964 novel Man and Time : "Clock time is our bank manager, tax collector, police inspector; this inner time is our wife." Drawing her central theme from this image, she says, "Henry is not only married to Clare; he's also married to time." [4] Other authors whom Niffenegger has cited as influencing the book include Richard Powers , David Foster Wallace , Henry James , and Dorothy Sayers . [5]

She has said the story is a metaphor for her own failed love affairs and that "I had kind of got the idea that there's not going to be some fabulous perfect soulmate out there for me, so I'll just make him up." [4] [6] She also drew on her parents' marriage for inspiration—her father spent the bulk of each week traveling. [7] Despite the story's analogies to her own life, Niffenegger has forcefully stated that Clare is not a self-portrait; "She's radically different. I am much more willful and headstrong. ... I don't think I could go through a lifetime waiting for someone to appear, no matter how fascinating he was." [7]

Niffenegger began writing the novel in 1997; the last scene, in which an aged Clare is waiting for Henry, was written first, because it is the story's focal point. [2] The narrative was originally structured thematically. Responding to comments from readers of early drafts of the manuscript, Niffenegger reorganized the narrative so that it largely followed Clare's timeline. [5] The work was finished in 2001. With no history of commercial publication, Niffenegger had trouble finding interested literary agents —25 rejected the manuscript. [7] [8] In 2002, she sent it unsolicited to the small, San Francisco-based publisher MacAdam/Cage , where it reached Anika Streitfeld. Streitfeld, who became Niffenegger's editor, "thought it was incredible. Right from the very beginning you feel like you are in capable hands, that this is someone who has a story to tell and who knows how to tell it." [9] [10] She gave it to David Poindexter, the founder of the publishing firm, "who read it overnight and decided to buy the book". [9] [10] However, Niffenegger had acquired an agent by this time, and several publishing houses in New York City were interested in the novel. The manuscript was put up for auction and MacAdam/Cage bid US$100,000, by far the largest sum it had ever offered for a book. [9] Although another publisher outbid them, Niffenegger selected MacAdam/Cage because they were so dedicated to her work. Also, Niffenegger explains that her "own natural inclination is to go small. My background is in punk music—I'd always pick the indie company over the giant corporation." [9]

Reviewers have found The Time Traveler's Wife difficult to classify generically : some categorize it as science fiction , others as a romance . [13] Niffenegger herself is reluctant to label the novel, saying she "never thought of it as science fiction, even though it has a science-fiction premise". [2] In Niffenegger's view, the story is primarily about Henry and Clare's relationship and the struggles they endure. [2] She has said that she based Clare and Henry's romance on the "cerebral coupling" of Dorothy Sayers 's characters Lord Peter Wimsey and Harriet Vane . [4]

Time travel stories to which the novel has been compared include Jack Finney's Time and Again (1970), F.M. Busby 's short story "If This Is Winnetka, You Must Be Judy" and the film Somewhere in Time (1980). [14] Henry has been compared to Billy Pilgrim of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five (1969). [15] Science fiction writer Terence M. Green calls the novel a "timeslip romance". [14] The Time Traveler's Wife is not as concerned with the paradoxes of time travel as is traditional science fiction. Instead, as critic Marc Mohan describes, the novel "uses time travel as a metaphor to explain how two people can feel as if they've known each other their entire lives". [15]
Robert Nathan's Portrait of Jennie , as novel, or film, is another obvious comparison, although Jennie, as a ghost, travels time in one direction, not randomly.

Niffenegger identifies the themes of the novel as "mutants, love, death, amputation, sex, and time". [16] Reviewers have focused on love, loss, and time. As Charli
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