Throat Years Old

Throat Years Old

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What Are the Symptoms of Swallowing Difficulty?
How can I get my pills down more easily? I have trouble chewing my food. What can I do? Food gets stuck in my throat and is hard to get down. What can I do? Is coughing with swallowing okay? Since there is “normal aging” with swallowing, is it a problem?
Swallowing is a complex process that changes over time, and swallowing difficulty (dysphagia) can be associated with aging. Changes in the tongue, upper throat (pharynx), vocal cords and voice box (larynx), and lower throat (esophagus) occur with aging.
It has been estimated that more than 20 percent of individuals over the age of 50 experience dysphagia . 1 Since the aging population is increasing, a significant number of individuals will experience changes in swallowing over time. By understanding normal, as well as abnormal, age-related changes, doctors and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who specialize in swallowing disorders can better counsel patients, and target treatment strategies.
When you have difficulty swallowing, you may be experiencing one or more of the following symptoms:
Several issues can lead to swallowing difficulties, especially as people grow older, including:
This website has numerous resources covering specific swallowing disorders, but when age-related changes alone are suspected, you can use these helpful strategies. Taking good care of your teeth and practicing good oral hygiene are excellent first steps. Ensuring that you chew your food completely and taking small bites and sips can help food move through the swallowing process. Make sure you hydrate properly, such as drinking water, when swallowing drier foods like bread or crackers. Minimizing the use of medications and drinks that dry your mouth and throat, such as coffee and other caffeinated beverages, can be helpful.
You may also consider working with a speech pathologist to learn strategies for eating properly and strengthening your throat using specific exercises. In some instances, further testing by your doctor or swallowing therapist may help identify underlying problems and individual treatment options.
Disorders that affect our ability to speak and swallow properly can have a tremendous impact on our lives and livelihoods. ENT specialists treat sore throat, infections, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), throat tumors, airway and vocal cord disorders, and more.
The information on ENThealth.org is provided solely for educational purposes and does not represent medical advice, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional medical care.
Think you need to consult an ENT specialist? Find someone with the expertise and location that’s best for your needs.
Learn how to stay ENT healthy, prevent problems, and manage existing conditions to improve your, or a loved one’s, daily life.
Find out more about the community of physician experts who can help you to Be ENT Smart and how the information was developed.
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Copyright 2022. American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation

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Strep Throat: More common in children

Up to 3 in 10 children with a sore throat have strep throat
About 1 in 10 adults with a sore throat has strep throat

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Worried your sore throat may be strep throat? Doctors can do a quick test to see if a sore throat is strep throat. Antibiotics can help people with strep throat feel better faster and prevent spreading it to others.
Viruses are the most common cause of a sore throat. However, strep throat is an infection in the throat and tonsils caused by bacteria called group A Streptococcus (group A strep).
Group A strep live in the nose and throat and can easily spread to other people. People who are infected spread the bacteria by talking, coughing, or sneezing, which creates small respiratory droplets that contain the bacteria. They can also spread the bacteria from infected sores on their skin.
It usually takes two to five days for someone exposed to group A strep to become ill with strep throat.
It is important to know that some infected people do not have symptoms or seem sick. People sick with strep throat are much more contagious than those who do not have symptoms.
Rarely, people can spread group A strep through food that is not handled properly (visit CDC’s food safety page ).
In general, strep throat is a mild infection, but it can be very painful. The most common symptoms of strep throat include:
Other symptoms may include a headache, stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting — especially in children. Someone with strep throat may also have a rash; when this happens it is known as scarlet fever (scarlatina).
The following symptoms suggest a virus is the cause of the illness instead of strep throat:
A sore throat that starts quickly, pain with swallowing, and fever are some of the common signs and symptoms of strep throat.
Anyone can get strep throat, but there are some factors that can increase the risk of getting this common infection.
Strep throat is more common in children than adults. It is most common in children 5 through 15 years old. It is very rare in children younger than 3 years old.
Adults who are at increased risk for strep throat include:
Close contact with another person with strep throat is the most common risk factor for illness. For example, if someone has strep throat, the bacteria often spread to other people in their household.
Infectious illnesses tend to spread wherever large groups of people gather. Crowded settings can increase the risk of getting a group A strep infection. These settings include:
A doctor will determine what type of illness you have by asking about symptoms and doing a physical exam. If they think you might have strep throat, they will swab your throat to test for strep throat. There are two types of tests for strep throat: a rapid strep test and throat culture.
A rapid strep test involves swabbing the throat and running a test on the swab. The test quickly shows if group A strep is causing the illness. If the test is positive, doctors can prescribe antibiotics. If the test is negative, but a doctor still suspects strep throat, then the doctor can take a throat culture swab. A throat culture takes time to see if group A strep bacteria grow from the swab. While it takes more time, a throat culture sometimes finds infections that the rapid strep test misses. Culture is important to use in children and teens since they can get rheumatic fever from an untreated strep throat infection. For adults, it is usually not necessary to do a throat culture following a negative rapid strep test. Adults are generally not at risk of getting rheumatic fever following a strep throat infection.
Someone with strep throat should start feeling better in just a day or two after starting antibiotics. Call the doctor if you or your child are not feeling better after taking antibiotics for 48 hours.
Doctors treat strep throat with antibiotics. Either penicillin or amoxicillin are recommended as a first choice for people who are not allergic to penicillin. Doctors can use other antibiotics to treat strep throat in people who are allergic to penicillin.
Someone who tests positive for strep throat but has no symptoms (called a “carrier”) usually does not need antibiotics. They are less likely to spread the bacteria to others and very unlikely to get complications. If a carrier gets a sore throat illness caused by a virus, the rapid strep test can be positive. In these cases, it can be hard to know what is causing the sore throat. If someone keeps getting a sore throat after taking the right antibiotics, they may be a strep carrier and have a viral throat infection. Talk to a doctor if you think you or your child may be a strep carrier.
Complications can occur after a strep throat infection. This can happen if the bacteria spread to other parts of the body. Complications can include:
People can get strep throat more than once. Having strep throat does not protect someone from getting it again in the future. While there is no vaccine to prevent strep throat, there are things people can do to protect themselves and others.
Good hygiene helps prevent group A strep infections
The best way to keep from getting or spreading group A strep is to wash your hands often. This is especially important after coughing or sneezing and before preparing foods or eating.
To prevent group A strep infections, you should:
You should also wash glasses, utensils, and plates after someone who is sick uses them. These items are safe for others to use once washed.
Wash your hands often to help prevent germs from spreading.
Antibiotics help prevent spreading the infection to others
People with strep throat should stay home from work, school, or daycare until they:
Take the prescription exactly as the doctor says to. Don’t stop taking the medicine, even if you or your child feel better, unless the doctor says to stop. You can find more guidance on taking antibiotics on CDC’s Antibiotic Do’s & Don’ts Page .
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All What to Expect content that addresses health or safety is medically reviewed by a team of vetted health professionals. Our Medical Review Board includes OB/GYNs, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, doulas, lactation counselors, endocrinologists, fertility specialists and more.
How can you tell if your baby or toddler has a sore throat? Here’s how to help a little one with a sore, scratchy throat.
Mayo Clinic, Cold Medicines for Kids: What's the Risk? , February 2022. | Show in the article KidsHealth From Nemours, Coxsackievirus Infections , September 2017. | Show in the article National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Herpangina , August 2021. | Show in the article What to Expect the Second Year , Heidi Murkoff. WhatToExpect.com , Symptoms of COVID-19 in Babies and Children , June 2022. WhatToExpect.com , How to Quarantine With a Baby or Toddler , June 2022. WhatToExpect.com , 7 Ways to Soothe a Sick Toddler , October 2021. WhatToExpect.com , Is Cold Medicine Safe for Babies? , February 2022. WhatToExpect.com , The Flu (Influenza Virus) in Babies and Toddlers , October 2020. WhatToExpect.com , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (Coxsackievirus) in Babies and Toddlers , November 2020. WhatToExpect.com , Strep Throat in Children , August 2022. WhatToExpect.com , Food Allergies in Babies and Toddlers: What Parents Need to Know , April 2021. WhatToExpect.com , Seasonal Allergies in Babies and Toddlers , October 2020. WhatToExpect.com , Can Babies Drink Water? , April 2022. WhatToExpect.com , How to Take Care of Your Toddler’s Cough , April 2020. American Academy of Pediatrics, When Is a Sore Throat a More Serious Infection? June 2018. American Academy of Pediatrics, Strep Throat, Sore Throat or Tonsillitis: What’s the Difference? , March 2022. American Academy of Pediatrics, Tonsillitis: Symptoms & Treatment , March 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Flu Symptoms & Complications , September 2021. National Institutes of Health, Cold, Flu or Allergy? October 2014. National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Common Cold , April 2016.
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You can probably tell just by looking at your little one if she has a stuffy nose or even a fever. But it can be harder to spot a sore throat, especially since your baby or young toddler can’t describe how she’s feeling.
Worrying that you might miss one of your sweetie’s symptoms can be nerve-wracking, of course. The good news is that babies and toddlers under 2 don’t tend to complain about sore throats. That’s partly because they don’t have the vocabulary to explain their symptoms — but also because they likely don’t have the body awareness to notice some minor scratchiness. (Phew.)
So if your little one seems uncomfortable, a different symptom may be the culprit.
Even so, it’s worth knowing when a sore throat might be bothering your baby or young toddler so you can do what you can to soothe her — and know when it’s worth calling her pediatrician. Here are some signs that your child’s throat might be hurting and what you can do about it.
Is your little one’s congestion or cough also making her throat hurt? It can be tough to tell for certain when your child is too young to explain what’s ailing her, so you’ll need to do a little bit of detective work.
Some clues that your sweetie might be suffering from a sore throat include:
Most, but not all, sore throats are caused by an underlying condition. In some cases, they can also be triggered by environmental factors. Here’s how to tell what’s most likely affecting your little one.
They’re by far the most common cause of sore, scratchy throats in babies and toddlers — and can also lead to a runny nose or congestion, coughing and a fever.
Caused by a virus, colds are respiratory illnesses that can’t be treated with antibiotics unless they lead to a bacterial infection. You should never give over-the-counter cold medicines to children under 6. Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Cold Medicines for Kids: What's the Risk? See All Sources [1] They don't work well in kids younger than 12, and they're more likely to have side effects — so speak to your pediatrician before using any cough or cold meds, even if your child is technically old enough.
Most of the time, colds simply have to run their course, which typically happens in 10 to 14 days.
Like the common cold, the flu is another viral respiratory illness that can trigger a sore throat. The difference? Influenza symptoms tend to be more intense, causing a fever, chills, coughing, a runny nose or congestion, fatigue, body aches and occasionally nausea or vomiting.
Like a cold, there’s no cure for the flu. But depending on your child’s age, medical history and symptoms, her pediatrician may recommend over-the-counter fever-reducing meds or a prescription antiviral drug. For example, children under the age of 2 and kids with asthma may need antiviral meds.
A sore throat is one symptom that can accompany a COVID-19 infection . Your child may also have a fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of taste or smell, chills, muscle pain, headache, congestion, nausea or diarrhea. If you suspect your little one has caught the coronavirus, call your pediatrician and ask about testing and quarantining .
With mild cases, you can use the same treatments you would for a cold: rest, lots of fluids and infant acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve fever. A cool-mist humidifier and saline nose drops can also help.
Call the doctor right away if your child has trouble breathing; can't wake up or stay awake; has pale, gray or blue-colored skin or lips; or has a fever 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher if under 3 months old, or a prolonged fever if 3 months or older.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is another viral illness that’s common in young children, especially in the summer and fall. Trusted Source KidsHealth From Nemours Coxsackievirus Infections See All Sources [2] One of the hallmark signs is mouth and throat pain, which is caused by the formation of tiny blisters or sores that make it painful to swallow.
Other common symptoms include fever, small red bumps or blisters (especially on the hands, feet, buttocks and around the mouth) and fever.
Caused by the same virus as hand, foot and mouth disease, herpangina causes ulcer-like sores to form in the mouth and throat that can cause pain, as well as a fever and trouble swallowing. Trusted Source National Institutes of Health Herpangina See All Sources [3] (The ulcers tend to have a white-gray center and a red border.)
Herpangina is most common in kids ages 3 to 10, but younger babies and toddlers can catch it, too.
A bacterial infection, strep is typically marked in kids older than 3 by throat soreness and trouble swallowing, tonsils that seem red and covered with white dots or pus, fever and swollen glands. Some kids also develop a red, sandpaper-like rash on their bodies, but symptoms like coughing and a runny nose are less common.
Strep is rare in infants and toddlers , but if your child does come down with it, it can be treated with antibiotics. In little ones younger than 3, the most common signs include prolonged low-grade fever, runny nose, irritability, swollen lymph nodes and poor appetite.
Seasonal allergies are rare in babi
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