The place of “Macbeth” among Shakespeare’s tragedies - Иностранные языки и языкознание курсовая работа

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The place of “Macbeth” among Shakespeare’s tragedies

Macbeth in Shakespeare’s activity. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s characters. Wishes for further improvement for understanding Shakespeare’s text. Reproducing with the Uzbek translators Sadulla Akhmad and Jamol Kamol Macbeth's and Lady Macbeth’s characters.


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The ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Educatio n of the republic of Uzbekistan
« The place of « Macbeth » among Shakespeare's tragedies »
The Aims of the Qualification work are:
1. To find out the place of «Macbeth» among Shakespeare' tragedies. To see what are the characteristic features of the play.
2. How the Uzbek translators Sadulla Akhmad and Jamol Kamol could reproduce Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's characters.
3. What should be done to improve the state improving the quality of translations.
4. What are our Summaries and Suggestions of the theme.
1.1 Macbeth in Shakespeare's activity
In the Tragedy of «Macbeth» Shakespeare tells us how a powerful and ambitious Scottish than Macbeth who had distinguished himself in the service of the country by crushing internal and foreign enemies aspires to the throne of Scotland. Taking advantage of king Duncan's visit to his castle he supported and incited by his wife murders the king and ascends the throne. His reign is a chain of crimes and cruelties. Suspected of murder and hated both by nobles and the people, Macbeth, in order to maintain his power, commits one atrocious act after another, murders innocent people and turns his country into a realm of arbitrary power and despotic cruelty. Meanwhile the opposing camp collects its forces.
At the and of tragedy Macbeth, followed by a handful of adherents is confronted by a great, mighty fighting man who in general is called an army headed by Malcolm, the son of the murdered king. In the battle Macbeth is killed and the rightful heir ascends the throne. Macbeth is a complicated and contradictory character. Courageous and clever, he becomes the prey of ambitious thoughts encouraged by his wife Lady Macbeth. Ambition blended with a longing for power, drives Macbeth to crime.
The Scottish local coloring and the mysterious atmosphere of the old legendary tale about Macbeth is rendered more strikingly by the famous «wit-scene».
The witches give shape to Macbeth's own secret thoughts. He lends an eager ear to their prophecy and their words sink deep into his memory.
The witches in Macbeth symbolize the evils, perfidy and ill-will that exist in the world and in Macbeth's own self.
In «Macbeth» Shakespeare shows that tyrants and oppressors, strong as they may seem, are doomed to defeat and failure. Their defeat is determined by the masses of, the people refusing to give them their support and rising in arms against them. Even the native woods and mountains protest against the crimes of the despots and help these who stand who fight against them.
The purpose of these papers is to give and explain, in the simplest way, the text of one of Shakespeare's complicated plays. The text itself is complete: notes and a glossary have been added to help the reader to understand the play. To get the greatest pleasure from it, he will need to learn something about the background of the play and the age in which it was written and perhaps about Shakespeare himself, for example, or about drama as an art but his first duty is to understand, to realize the main essence of what the characters are saying and doing, and why they say and do these things.
Two Scottish generals, Macbeth and Banquo, while riding home after victorious battle against an army of rebels, are met by three witches. These foretell that Macbeth shall be king of Scotland and Banquo the father of many kings. Macbeth is strongly influenced by their words, and his wife gives him so much encouragement that he is persuaded to murder a Duncan the king of Scotland, while he is a guest at their castle. Macbeth is now the most powerful man in the kingdom, and takes the throne. But he feels his position unsure, and suspects those around him; this drives him to the murder of Banquo, whose ghost haunts him.
For the second time, Macbeth sees the witches who warn him against the nobleman Macduff, but nevertheless persuade him to go on by telling him that «none of woman born» can harm him, and that no one will defeat him «till Birnam forest come to Dunsinane» Macduff has mean while gone to England to help in collecting an army to fight Macbeth, and in his absence his family is murderer by order of Macbeth.
Lady Macbeth, much disturbed in her mind, walks in her sleep, and speaks again her part in the crimes she has committed. She dies while a force, led on by Duncan's son Malcolm, and with English support, is besieging Macbeth's castle. The king realizes that his positions desperate, but never loses courage, even when he finds that the withes words have deceived him. And he is killed in hand - to - hand fighting by Macduff. Malkolm then becomes king of Scotland, and it should be so, as the justice should be established only when the norms of the society are followed. Like all poets, Shakespeare employed language in a way which is not usual for the making of direct statements in prose. A great deal of what he wrote is in fact not prose but verse. Prose is used for the humbler and comic characters, while the nobler ones use verse.
2.1 Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's characters
Askad Mukhtor - is people's writer of Uzbekistan one of the great Uzbek authors. He is known not only as a well - known writer, he is famous for his rich poetry too. So is he in the field of translation. He admires Shakespeare and right he is when states «Macbeth» as a work of a genius. He considers «Macbeth» a modern tragedy which nowadays sounds more contemporary up to date, though it was created almost 400 years go to be more exact - 394 years (Ас?ад Мухтор. Да. асар. Ушбу фожеа таржимасига ёзилган «О? йўл» сифатида ?аъбул ?илиш мумкин буни.) Вильям Шекспмрю Макбет. Ташкент. Ўзбекистон. ЯКСМ марказий комитети «Ёш гвардия» нашриёти 1987.
Macbeth is a great warrior, brave and we, hear about him at the beginning of the tragedy, here the blooding badly captain tells his deeds in the Battlefield as Duncan - king of Scotland wants to find out the winner of the battle Malkolm asked the captain (by the way the latter saved Malkolm from captivity). Here is the captain's report about the revolt the newest most recent state i.e. the latest state of the battle.
As too spent swimmers, that do cling together
And choke their art The merciless Macdonwald
(Worthy to, be a rebel, for to that
The multiplying villainies of nature
Do swarm upon him) from the western isles
Of Kernes and Gallowglasses is supplied;
And fortune, on his damed quarrel smiled.
Showed like rebel's whore: but all's too weak For brave Macbeth (well he reserves that name), Distaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution, like Valour's minion, carved out his passage, till he faced the slave;
Which ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him Till he unseamed him from the nave to the chaps, And fixed his, bead upon our battlements.
Duncan O valiant cousin! Worthy gentlemen! (I. II. 3-5 p)
In Uzbek these lines have two translation versions. One of theme was done by Jamol Kamol and the next by Sadulla Ahmad. (Sadulla Ahmad's translation is published in 1987 in «Ёш гвардия» publishing house in Tashkent. As the base for this translation he used «Macbeth» Russian translation is published in «Hudojestvennaya literatura» Publishing House. Moscow 1967). Before introducing one more Uzbek translation of the afforested passage we want to mention that the performer of «Macbeth» was Boris Pasternak. Sadulla Ahmad used his translation text (Boris Pasternak's translation are still considered very nicely done, though they were translated long ago, such is his merit). (Вильям Шекспир. Трагедия. Перевод с английского. Издательство «Художественная литература. Москва»).
Икки тараф мўдтиллаётган икки ?арифдек
Чўкаман, деб ?ам чекиш йў?, ? ?еч кўз очирмай
Савалвшмо?да. Макдональд ? ку, итдай ?утурди!
Кўз кўрмаган тубанликлар ин ?ўйган экан.
Ўз олдига солиб келди оролма - орол
У ма?рибдан Ирландия Найзабозларин.
Дастлаб та?дир ило?аси-юзсиз Фартуна
Бекор кетди! Шону шу?рат со?иби Макбет
Бу ол?ишлар ?али камдир унинг шаънига!
Пўлат шамшир зарби билан йўлин тозалаб,
Кўзига ?он ?айнаб келган инти?ом янгли?
Пайдо бўлди хиёнаткор олдида бирдан!
?урмат билан ?ўлларини си?иб турмади,
Видо айтиб, аччи??аччи? хўлашмади ?ам.
?илични бир серман ила бошини кесди?ю
Ту? учига ?олпо? ?илиб ?ўндириб ?ўйди!
And now listen to Duncan's valme concerning Macbeth's courage.
Бизнинг жасур ?ондошимиз! Номус тимсоли!
It seems to us that is necessary to address the Russian text, it served as a base for both of the Uzbek translators: How let us see how these lines are caught by Jamol Kamol:
Противники - как два пловца, которым
Безжалостьный Макдональд, сочетавший
Набрал отряд ирландских копьеносцев
Судьба старалась поддержать повстанца,
Храбрец Макбет (он назван так по праву)
Руки не жал, прощальных слов не тратил,
(Вильям Шекспир. Трагедии. Сонеты. Перевод с английского. Издательство «Художественная литература». Москва. 1968. стр. 480-562). Ас?ад Мухтор. Да?о асар. Вильям Шекспир. “Макбет”. Тошкент. Ўзбекистон. ЛКСМ марказий комитети “Ёш гвардия” нашриёти 1987
Macbeth himself dominates the drama: the play is his for it is, the story of his vise and fall. Before he first appears he is spoken of as brave and noble, and Duncan willingly honours him as a trusted lord; he calls him «valiant cousin» and «worthy gentleman». But his character, like the day he speaks of when we first see him, is «foul and fair» and his figure is truly tragic, for he is a man, not wholly bad, against whom the forces of evil are too strong, and their temptations too attractive:
He is ambitious, and the witches he suddenly comes upon when he first appears in the play are an image of the evil forces which encourage this ambition. He lusts for power and they prophesy he will be king. To Macbeth these prophecies can be neither good nor bad; for if bad; how could they so soon begin to come true? And if good, why do his thoughts so soon turn to the idea of murdering King Duncan and taking his place on the throne of Scotland? Throughout the play Macbeth continues to give serious thought to the moral aspects of his actions, and he is in no sense an unfeeling willain without conscience or sense of nobility. This is shown when he wants to talk over with Banquo the prophecy of the witches:
The interim having wighed it, let us speak
Сен бу ерда ўтганларни пухта ўйлаб кўр.
Икковлашиб, ?ушимихз сал жойига тушгач,
?аммасини келишамиз очи?часига. (I.III. 21 бет)
It is felt in many other places, leading him to an expression of the condition of damnation: thinking of the consequences of his crimes he says, he will not worry about, what might happen, to him, in the next world so long as he is granted peace of mind in this:
If it were done when, it is done, then't were well
If were done quickly: if the, assassination
Could trammel up the consequence and catch
With his Surcease success, that but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end - all here…
But here upon this bank and shoal of time, We'd jump the life to come, _ But in theses cases,
of damnation: thinking of consequences of his crimes he says he will not worry about, what might happen, to him, in the next world so long as he is granted peace of mind in this:
If it were done when, it is done, then't were well
If were done quickly: if the, assassination
Could trammel up the consequence and catch
With his surcease success; that but this blow.
Might be the be-all and the end-all here…
But here upon this bank and shoal of time,
We'd jump the life to come, - But in these cases,
И с плеч домой! Минуты бы не медлил,
Когда бы вся трудность заключалась в том,
Чтоб скрыть следы и чтоб достичь удачи,
Before passing to the analysis of this extract = passage want the reader's to pay attention to the following; In the original, I mean in the stage direction. We have the word hatboys in Russian it is given as» Трубы», in Uzbek consecutively as «Бур?у». Server = chief waiter = кравчий товабоши; divers = various несколько слуг = таом кўтарган хизматкорлар.
The first sentences of the passage should be understood in this way; «If it were done»,» done quickly» - If it (the murder) were completely finished when we do it, then it would be a good thing if it were (we do) (it) «done quickly». In Uzbek the meaning these first lines are understood properly and has the following order:
Бир зарб билан ?аммасидан со?ит бўлардим, бир да?и?а, бир ла?за ?ам ?араб турмасдим. Токи тахтга эришмо?нинг бсхтликлари фа?ат изни яширмо?дан иборат бўлса! ?улай фурсат ?ўлин чўзган худди шу дамда, у дунёнинг бор ро?атин ?урбон ?илардим. Асср ?асос кутар бизни ер юзида ?ам: «If the assassination, his surcease success» if the actual murder could catch up = trammel up the consequences and could come to a final result with Duncan's death if would be a good thing to do it quickly «that but this blow» - «If only this blow» «the be-all and the end all» - the existence and conclusion in itself, but leads to other things. «But here - even here, i.e. in this world only». «The bank and shoal of time, shoal - a narrow strip of land between water». The image is of life as a narrow bank thrusting acto the great seas of enternity. The word jump is, used as risk as «risk». The life to come - «the life in the next world after death», and what might happen there. «In these cases» - «in situation such as these».
Here we must state one more fact. In the original the text is given = supplied with nice commentaries. These help any translator (not only Russian translators), even Uzbek translators as the meaning of each word, phrase or clauses are explained so that the essence of the lines be more understandable. It is very nice as to understand Shakespeare after more than 400 years is really difficult. It is difficult not only for foreign readers but for the English as well. As the meaning of several lexical units, word combinations, expressions have gone various changes.
But even this is impossible and he knows it. He makes up his mind to go on, further with plans for the murder of Duncan. His wife, however, persuades him to go forward - Holinshed writes of heras(20) «burning in unquenchable desire to bear the name of queen» - and after some agreement between them, Macbeth kills his king while he is a guest in Macbeth's castle: By his crime Macbeth has bought the kingship through evil, though many must doubt his honesty, no one is brave enough to defy him openly when he kills the grooms (and not only the groom we want to add) to make it seem that they are guilty. Even the lines which Macbeth speakes when he announces the murder ring false and hollow, and arouse the suspicious of Malkolm and Donalbain, who flee from Scotland. Macbeth is quick to notice this, and turns suspicion on to them.
Macbeth with eyes open to the hideousness of his offense, a brave, imaginative and morally sensitive man commits a stealthy murder for gain (прибыл).
His victim is his guest his benefactor, his kinsman and his king; and to shield himself from detection he incoutinently (21) sacrifices the lives and reputation of two innocent underlings. The retribution is as appaling as the crime - his soul's slow death in seef - harrow, degradation, loneliness, and despair, then his bloody extermination.
Why should such a man do such evil? The play's style and a few shreds to literary evidence suggest. 1605-06 as the period of composition; so it followed «Hamlet», «Othello» and possibly also «King Lear», those other tragedies in which destruction is wrought by naked evil, not mere domestic or political strife in «Macbeth» the evil works through the protagonist as well as upon him. The one with whom we identify is the one who possessed: this citadel crumbles from within. The supernatural soliciting of the Weird Sisters, the strenuous persuasions of the write, do not explain Macbeth's guilt. They enhance its power over our imagination by revealing stages is its course and suggesting forces in perilous balance.
In Holinshed's «Chronicle», from which Shakespeare drew his material, adding to the sins of the semi - legendary Macbeth these of Donwald, slayer of King Duff, the Weird sisters are «goddesses of destine» (derived from a heathen fatalism).
In the play they are Elizabethan witches, their prescriptive powers subtly curtailed; they predict, abet, and symbolize damnation but do not determine it. Any sense that Macbeth is a helpless victim, his crime predestined, his will bound, as canceled as the play proceeds.
Good sir, why do you start and seem to fear
The prophecies, nevertheless, without explaining or excusing Macbeth's crimes, impress us as mitigation:
powerful and wily forces are speeding him on his course. The more earthly influence of his Lady's persuasion impresses us in a similar way.
In a perverted way Lady Macbeth is doing what all loyal wives are expected to do, urging her husband on to what she deems his good: her as in the period of danger that follows, she at least is all for him. This is one of the marvels of the play, the manner in which this frightful collusion proceeds in an atmosphere of domestic virtue without the effect of irony. If the evil is great it is also limited, even in respected to the mallfactors.
After Lady Macbeth's collapse, her initial ferocity is remembered as something false to her wise and kingly physician seems to us not misplaced.
We hear our bloody cousins are bestowed
In England and in Ireland, not confessing
Their cruel parricide, filling their hearers
With strange invention: but of that tomorrow.
When there withal we shall have cause of state
Craving us jointly. Hie you to horse; adieu,
Till you return at night. Goes Fleans with you?
(III.I. 29-35 p) Ас?ад Мухтор. Да?о асар. Вильям Шекспир. “Макбет”. Тошкент. Ўзбекистон. ЛКСМ марказий комитети “Ёш гвардия” нашриёти 1987 .
Узун?уло? ?ар хил гаплар эшитаяпмиз;
?онсираган, кўрнамак, ?ўш фарзанднинг бири
Гарданидан со?ит ?илиб падар?ушликни,
Эс ?азабин ўзларидан чал?итмо? бўлиб,
?ар хир ту?мат, чўпчак тў?иб тар?атармишлар
Чорасига бамасла?ат ўйлаб, пишитиб,
Иш тутармиз. О? йўл берсин. Ма?тал ?илманг. Хайир.
Базмда юз кўришгунча! ?а ў?лингиз Флинс сиз биланми? (С.А). (61-62 б).
?отил жиянлар ?а?ида миў?миш хабарлар.
Пано? топиб, рад этишар падар?ушликни.
Турли-туман уйдирмаю ёл?онлар билан
Гаплашамиз яна. Майли, ?озирча - хайр.
Биз кутамиз. ?а, Флиенс ?амро?ингизми?
«We hear» is given in Uzbek us «Узун?уло? ?ар хил гаплар эшитаяпмиз» Two words turned in to a whole sentence. In English the Uzbek sentence can be understood as! They say all Kinds of sentences = talks»
«If we translate we hear» is «Бизнинг эшитишимизча». Turning two words into a whole sentence doesn't mean here any violence of the origin, on the contrary the thought of the writer is caught truly and given nicely. In Russian Macbeth speaks thus:
Один из братьев - кравопийц, по слухам
Вы с Флинсом едете? (III.I. стр. 513)
The lines, cited above sound thus in Uzbek:
Sadulla Ahmad translated from Russian
(from Boris Pasternak) and, братья - кровапийцы are given as «?онсираган, кўрнамак»
Маъсум бўлиб, ?еч нарсадан бехабар бўлиб,
Кейин нашъу намоларга тўларсан ?андо?. (Ж.К). (III.2-222 б).
Иш битгандан сўнг, билиб ўзинг, ?ойил ?оласан.
At the beginning Lady Macbeth teaches Macbeth what to do, how to behave and in this position vice versa, Macbeth is giving instructions to his wife how to behave, what to do. He should then feel safe from all his enemies, but fate quickly descends upon him in a most horrible form. At the Bonquet prepared as if to celebrate Macbeth's feeling of final safety, Banquo's ghost comes to haunt him.
(1. Вильям Шекспир. Танланган асарлар. Беш жилдлик. Тўртинчи жилд. Макбет. 157-296 бетлар. Тошкент. ?офур ?улом номидаги Адабиёт ва санъат нашриёти. 1985). This is a terrible punishment both for his crime and also for the evil pretence of expecting Banquo to be at the banquet. Lady Macbeth cannot see the ghost, but such is the sympathy between her and her husband, she knows or guesses all that has happened, and begins to make excuses for him. He cannot support her in own pretence, and when the ghost appears a second time Macbeth loses his nenu.
He now stands in great need of encouragement and goes to the promises concerning his fate, but the last apparition is none other than Banquo's ghost, which brings Macbeth back to his latest crime. The prophetic promises turn out to be as evil as the murders; Macbeth is «possessed», and, knowing he is now too far gone in crime to turn back, he vows that in future he will think and act at the same time:
The very firstlings of my heart shall be
The firstlings of my hand. (IV.I. 146-8).
Мендан кўра сен эрчилро? чи?динг-ку, замон,
Бузибю ?ўр?инч ниятимни. ?аракат энди.
Уч?ур ?арор бтлан юрсин елкадош бўлиб,
Йў?са, ?ўлдан кетиб ?олар. Бугундан бошлаб.
Ва?т, сен ?ора ниятимнинг олдини олдинг
Лаънат! Минбад ?ароримни кечиктирмайман.
Созданья чувств, родясь созданьем рук.
After this, Macbeth's touches of humanity become rarer/ The murder of Lady Macduff and her children is possibly even more horrible than his other crimes, because it seems carried out simply to accord with his vow, and without the least reason. He is driven into his castle of Dunsinane and eventually fights with the ferocity of a wounded animal. When he is told of his wife's death his humanity momentarily returns. He thinks of the passage of life, so rapid and apparently so meaningless and is awoken to the immediate situation by the message that the wood of Birnam is in fact moving. The first evil promise of the witches has proved worthless; but he fights on, only to meet at last his enemy him, and the second of the witches promises is shown also to be worthless. To the end Macbeth fights bravely and this bravery is something outside the sense of safety which the witches promises had given him. But evil has killed hope in him, and he meets his death because he has put his trust in what was either evil or worthless Banquo's warning had once shown him the danger, but he had been either unwilling or unable to respect it:
Win us with honest trifles, to betray's
In deepest consequence. (I.III. 124-6).
Жуда кўп ва?т, бошга кулфат тушгиси келса,
Жа?аннамнинг тили билан башорат ?илиб,
Имонингни ?ўлдан олиб, чалиб кетади.
Чтоб уничтожить тяжестью последствий.
Duncan is, with Banquo, in stringing contrast to Macbeth. As king of Scotland, Duncan is taken to be an old man, and appears in the play to be honourable, trusting and humble in carrying out the duties of his position. We see him first when his country is hard-pressed by invaders from Norway and rebels aty home. In this struggle Macbeth distinguishes himself as a great fighter and Duncan hears good reports of him with great pleasure. But what the king says of the rebel. Thane of Cowdor shows his own particular difficulty: he is too trusting, too ready to accept what seems to be true:
To find the mind's construction in the face:
An absolute trust. (I, IV. 4-14) 27 p
Вот как обманчив внешний вид людей!
Бўлмаса, мен шу вассалнинг садо?атига
Чин юракдан ишонардим. (С.А.) (I. II 22 б)
Duncan is, there fore, powerless when he has to face evil and he puts himself gently and meekly into the hands of hostess, without taking normal precautions of having an armed quard posted near where he is sleeping. The two attendants he has by him have, like him, enjoyed a good party, and are sleepy, and useless. The king goes to rest, well fed and happy in his hostess's assertions of loyalty and friendship towards him. He is murdered in his sleep by Macbeth. Duncan has proved to be fatally easy ground for his followers to plant their ambitions in. It is Lady Macbeth who has in the end some sort of finer feelings about him: Here Lady Macbeth`s thoughts:
My father as he slept, I hadn't done.
Когда б так не был схож Дункан во сне
Эво?, Дункан уй?усида мар?ум отамга
Бунча ўхшаб кетмаса-ми! Уни мен ўзим
Banquo, like Duncan, is pictured as good, brave and gracious. Both these men are, because of their positions and their honourable natures, great dangwers to Macbeth in his ambitions, for their goodness contrasts too plainly with his wickedness. Like Duncan too, Banquo trusts too readily in appearances; they are both too easily deceived into thinking all is well in Macbeth's castle because its situation is attractive:
The temple - naunthing martlet, does approve
By his loved mansionary that the hearen's breath
Smells wooingly, here; no jultly, frieze,
Buttreis, nor coign of vantage, but this bird
Hath made his pendent bed and procreant cradle.
гнездо стрижа. Нам этот летний гость
Угла под кровлей, где бы не лепились
Подвешенные люльки этих птиц. (I.6.стр. 495)
Гапингизга кафил, шо?им. Бу ёзлик ме?мон
Турар жойнинг соўлигидан дарак беради:
Кўр кузатдим, кўзлагани ба?рали манзил,
Бирор устун, туртиб чи??ан бтрор бурж йў?ки,
Беланчакдай солланмасин очи? ?авода.
(С.А.) (I. 6. 28-29 б) Вильям Шекспир. “Макбет”. Трагедия. Перевод с английского. Издательство “Художественная литература”. Москва
Banquo is close to the king and also to Macbeth; he arrives with Duncan at Macbeth's castle, and when the party for king is over, he meets (shows that his) Macbeth after midnight and shows that his thoughts are full of the prophecy of the witches, whom he and Macbeth came upon at the beginning of the play. They have time to talk at length, yet Banquo has already sensed something evil springing up in the Macbeth's mind, for he says, half to himself, half to Fleance:
Ва?имали хаёллардан мени ?ут?аринг!
Аммо ётиб ухлаганим йў?, эво? азизлар,
Тунги нопок хаёллардан, асрангиз мени.
Here we see Banquo who is very much anxious because Duncan has been murdered. We notice in a very dark atmosphere not only physical but also moral death of Macbeth, is a noble warrior. But he scared, stinged, hurt with vanity = conceit. Once having entered the read of crime he has not strength of stopping, coming down from this road. He sees forward to his own ineritable death. Tragic events take place in the background of dark nights, in the darkness of which the three images of witches flash = gleam. Like Three Weirds of an antique mythology they gain undivided power over Macbeth's fate.
The word «bloody» is a very often come across in this work, it runs all through the tragedy. The same can be said about the word tyranne. We often meet this word too. The theme of the tragedy is about a bloody usurper, who first achieves his goal = aim but evils, recons with for his crimes. Here also the tragedy end with the glory of positive forces, the destroyed harmony is erected in the state. «Macbeth» is near to «Richard III» where we see much blood.
Macduff discovers that Duncan did not die, he has been murdered, and Banquo expresses his greef simply and from the beath. He soon voices his suspicions of Macbeth.
Thou hasf it now, king, Cowdor, Clames, all,
As the weird women promised; and I fear,
Thou playedst most foully for't; yet it was said,
If should not stand in the posterity;
But that myself should be the rot and father
Of many Kings. If there come truth from them
(As upon thee Macbeth, their speeches shine),
Why, by the verities on three made good,
Mat they not be my oracles as well,
And set me up in hope? But, hush or more.
?ам ?иролсан, ?ам Гламис, Кавдор бегисан,
Гарчанд бир охз гумоним бор ?алоллигингга,
Тў?ри чи?ди, рост айтибди кароматгўйлар.
Буюрмагай авлодингга лекин тожу тахт,
?иролларнинг падари ва илдизи бўлиш
Сенга эмас, балки менга насиб айламиш.
(Алдашмаса керак, чунки ?исматинг - гаров)
Теперь ты всё, что предсказали сестры:
Гламисский и Кавдорский тан, король,
Что твой престал не прейдет к потомкам,
Но если все сбилось с тобой, не ыижу
(III.I. стр. 512) Вильям Шекспир. “Макбет”. Трагедия. Перевод с английского. Издательство “Художественная литература”. Москва
In Uzbek Sasdulla Ahmad read these lines as follows:
?аммасига эришдинг сен! Аммо ?ойилман,
Ул алвасти ?амширалар айтгани келди.
Гламис, Кавдор ?окими, сўнг ?ирол ?ам бўлдинг!
?ўр?аманки, бирозгина найрангинг ?ам бор.
Кароматга кўра, лекин, тахт ворислиги
Менинг наслу насабимнинг насибасидир.
Менга ваъда ?илган, сенинг пуштингга эмас!
?а, ?а1 Менинг шохларимда шо? болалайди.
Башоратнинг боши ?а?ли, - ноумид шайтон, -
Жон тикаман, жодугарлар лафзи халолдир.
Мен уларга ишонаман. Шошма, ким келди?
But he does nothing; perhaps he is satisfied for the moment to watch events, and in any case he too is concerned in the witches prophecies. But for this he is given no time. Macbeth quickly convinces two murderers that Banquo is the person who in secret makes them suffer cruelty and injustice, and, when Banquo is returning with his son in the evening after a day away from the castle, he is murdered. Macbeth pretends that he is expected at the banquet arranged for that evening, and his ghost, covered in blood, comes and sits in Macbeth's own chair. Macbeth is over - come with the horror of the apparition, and the party breaks up.
He is, nevertheless, to see Banquo once again. The witches show Macbeth eight - kings, with many more reflected in a mirror, and the ghost of Banquo following them. this signifies to Macbeth that although Banquo has been murdered by his orders, Fleance, Banquo's son, has escaped, and is destined to be farther of a line of kings; although Macbeth has won the throne, it is foretold that his children will never follow him in a royal line.
Macduff is nobleman who discovered the murder of Duncan. Commanded to call early on his king, he enters the king's chamber and quickly returns with horror in his eyes and voice. Macbeth pretends not to understand him. It is Macduff who first expresses surprise at Macbeth admitting that he had himself murdered the grooms who were attending the king. «Wherefore did you so?» he asks, and, since he does not seem
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