The Word Science Comes From The Latin

⚡ ALL INFORMATION CLICK HERE 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻

The Word Science Comes From The Latin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Systematic endeavor for gaining knowledge
Look up science in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
"Science and society" redirects here. Not to be confused with Science & Society or Sociology of scientific knowledge .

^ Whether the universe is closed or open, or the shape of the universe , is an open question. The 2nd law of thermodynamics, [110] : 9 [111] : 158 and the 3rd law of thermodynamics [112] : 665–681 imply the heat death of the universe if the universe is a closed system, but not necessarily for an expanding universe.



^ Wilson, E.O. (1999). "The natural sciences". Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (Reprint ed.). New York: Vintage. pp. 49 –71. ISBN 978-0-679-76867-8 .

^ Heilbron, J.L. ; et al. (2003). "Preface". The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science . New York: Oxford University Press. pp. vii–x. ISBN 978-0-19-511229-0 . ...modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions.

^ Liebenberg, Louis (2021). The Origin of Science (2 ed.). p. 4.

^ Jump up to: a b Liebenberg, Louis; //Ao, /Am; Lombard, Marlize; Shermer, Michael; Xhukwe, /Uase; Biesele, Megan; //Xao, Di; Carruthers, Peter; Kxao, ≠Oma; Hansson, Sven Ove; Langwane, Horekhwe (Karoha); Elbroch, L. Mark; /Ui, N≠Aisa; Keeping, Derek; Humphrey, Glynis; Newman, Greg; g/Aq'o, /Ui; Steventon, Justin; Kashe, Njoxlau; Stevenson, Robert; Benadie, Karel; Du Plessis, Pierre; Minye, James; /Kxunta, /Ui; Ludwig, Bettina; Daqm, ≠Oma; Louw, Marike; Debe, Dam; Voysey, Michael (2021). "Tracking Science: An Alternative for Those Excluded by Citizen Science". Citizen Science: Theory and Practice . 6 . doi : 10.5334/cstp.284 . S2CID 233291257 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e "The historian ... requires a very broad definition of "science" – one that ... will help us to understand the modern scientific enterprise. We need to be broad and inclusive, rather than narrow and exclusive ... and we should expect that the farther back we go [in time] the broader we will need to be." p.3— Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Science before the Greeks". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (Second ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7 .

^ Jump up to: a b Grant, Edward (2007). "Ancient Egypt to Plato". A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century (First ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1 –26. ISBN 978-0-521-68957-1 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Lindberg, David C. (2007). "The revival of learning in the West". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (Second ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 193–224. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7 .

^ Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Islamic science". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (Second ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 163–92. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7 .

^ Lindberg, David C. (2007). "The recovery and assimilation of Greek and Islamic science". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 225–53. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7 .

^ Principe, Lawrence M. (2011). "Introduction". Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction (First ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0-19-956741-6 .

^ Lindberg, David C. (2007). "The legacy of ancient and medieval science". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 357–368. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7 .

^ Grant, Edward (2007). "Transformation of medieval natural philosophy from the early period modern period to the end of the nineteenth century". A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century (First ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 274 –322. ISBN 978-0-521-68957-1 .

^ Cahan, David, ed. (2003). From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: Writing the History of Nineteenth-Century Science . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-08928-7 .

^ Lightman, Bernard (2011). "13. Science and the Public". In Shank, Michael; Numbers, Ronald; Harrison, Peter (eds.). Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-226-31783-0 .

^ Harrison, Peter (2015). The Territories of Science and Religion . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-226-18451-7 . The changing character of those engaged in scientific endeavors was matched by a new nomenclature for their endeavors. The most conspicuous marker of this change was the replacement of "natural philosophy" by "natural science". In 1800 few had spoken of the "natural sciences" but by 1880, this expression had overtaken the traditional label "natural philosophy". The persistence of "natural philosophy" in the twentieth century is owing largely to historical references to a past practice (see figure 11). As should now be apparent, this was not simply the substitution of one term by another, but involved the jettisoning of a range of personal qualities relating to the conduct of philosophy and the living of the philosophical life.

^ Jump up to: a b Cohen, Eliel (2021). "The boundary lens: theorising academic actitity". The University and its Boundaries: Thriving or Surviving in the 21st Century 1st Edition . New York: Routledge. pp. 14–41. ISBN 978-0-367-56298-4 . Archived from the original on May 5, 2021 . Retrieved May 4, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Colander, David C.; Hunt, Elgin F. (2019). "Social science and its methods". Social Science: An Introduction to the Study of Society (17th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 1–22.

^ Jump up to: a b Nisbet, Robert A.; Greenfeld, Liah (October 16, 2020). "Social Science" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022 . Retrieved May 9, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b Löwe, Benedikt (2002). "The formal sciences: their scope, their foundations, and their unity". Synthese . 133 (1/2): 5–11. doi : 10.1023/A:1020887832028 . S2CID 9272212 .

^ Jump up to: a b Rucker, Rudy (2019). "Robots and souls". Infinity and the Mind: The Science and Philosophy of the Infinite (Reprint ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 157–188. ISBN 978-0-691-19138-6 . Archived from the original on February 26, 2021 . Retrieved May 11, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b Bishop, Alan (1991). "Environmental activities and mathematical culture" . Mathematical Enculturation: A Cultural Perspective on Mathematics Education . Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 20–59. ISBN 978-0-7923-1270-3 . Archived from the original on December 25, 2020 . Retrieved March 24, 2018 .

^ Jump up to: a b Nickles, Thomas (2013). "The Problem of Demarcation". Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem . Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 104.

^ Bunge, Mario (1998). "The Scientific Approach". Philosophy of Science . Vol. 1, From Problem to Theory (revised ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 3–50. ISBN 978-0-7658-0413-6 .

^ Jump up to: a b Fetzer, James H. (2013). "Computer reliability and public policy: Limits of knowledge of computer-based systems". Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines . Newcastle, United Kingdom: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 271–308. ISBN 978-1-4438-1946-6 .

^ Fischer, M.R.; Fabry, G (2014). "Thinking and acting scientifically: Indispensable basis of medical education" . GMS Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ausbildung . 31 (2): Doc24. doi : 10.3205/zma000916 . PMC 4027809 . PMID 24872859 .

^ Sinclair, Marius (1993). "On the Differences between the Engineering and Scientific Methods" . The International Journal of Engineering Education . Archived from the original on November 15, 2017 . Retrieved September 7, 2018 .

^ Jump up to: a b Bunge, M (1966). "Technology as applied science". In Rapp, F. (ed.). Contributions to a Philosophy of Technology. Theory and Decision Library (An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences) . Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp. 19–39. doi : 10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2 . ISBN 978-94-010-2184-5 .

^ MacRitchie, Finlay (2011). "Introduction". Scientific Research as a Career . New York: Routledge. pp. 1–6. ISBN 978-1-4398-6965-9 . Archived from the original on May 5, 2021 . Retrieved May 5, 2021 .

^ Marder, Michael P. (2011). "Curiosity and research". Research Methods for Science . New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–17. ISBN 978-0-521-14584-8 . Archived from the original on May 5, 2021 . Retrieved May 5, 2021 .

^ de Ridder, Jeroen (2020). "How many scientists does it take to have knowledge?". In McCain, Kevin; Kampourakis, Kostas (eds.). What is Scientific Knowledge? An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology of Science . New York: Routledge. pp. 3–17. ISBN 978-1-138-57016-0 . Archived from the original on May 5, 2021 . Retrieved May 5, 2021 .

^ Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Islamic science". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (Second ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 163–192. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7 .

^ Szycher, Michael (2016). "Establishing your dream team". Commercialization Secrets for Scientists and Engineers . New York: Routledge. pp. 159–176. ISBN 978-1-138-40741-1 . Archived from the original on August 18, 2021 . Retrieved May 5, 2021 .

^ "science" . Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary . Merriam-Webster , Inc. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019 . Retrieved October 16, 2011 .

^ Vaan, Michiel de (2008). "sciō" . Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages . Indo-European Etymological Dictionary . p. 545. ISBN 978-90-04-16797-1 .

^ Cahan, David (2003). From natural philosophy to the sciences : writing the history of nineteenth-century science . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-08927-4 . OCLC 51330464 . Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 . Retrieved May 31, 2022 .

^ Ross, Sydney (1962). "Scientist: The story of a word" . Annals of Science . 18 (2): 65–85. doi : 10.1080/00033796200202722 .

^ Graeber, David ; Wengrow, David (2021). The Dawn of Everything . p. 248.

^ Budd, Paul; Taylor, Timothy (1995). "The Faerie Smith Meets the Bronze Industry: Magic Versus Science in the Interpretation of Prehistoric Metal-Making". World Archaeology . 27 (1): 133–143. doi : 10.1080/00438243.1995.9980297 . JSTOR 124782 .

^ Scott, Colin (2011). "Science for the West, Myth for the Rest?". In Harding, Sandra (ed.). The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader . Durham: Duke University Press. p. 175. doi : 10.2307/j.ctv11g96cc.16 . ISBN 978-0-8223-4936-5 . OCLC 700406626 .

^ Rochberg, Francesca (2011). "Ch.1 Natural Knowledge in Ancient Mesopotamia". In Shank, Michael; Numbers, Ronald; Harrison, Peter (eds.). Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-226-31783-0 .

^ Krebs, Robert E. (2004). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance . Greenwood Publishing Group . p. 127. ISBN 978-0313324338 .

^ Erlich, Ḥaggai ; Gershoni, Israel (2000). The Nile: Histories, Cultures, Myths . Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-1-55587-672-2 . Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 . Retrieved January 9, 2020 . The Nile occupied an important position in Egyptian culture; it influenced the development of mathematics, geography, and the calendar; Egyptian geometry advanced due to the practice of land measurement "because the overflow of the Nile caused the boundary of each person's land to disappear."

^ "Telling Time in Ancient Egypt" . www.metmuseum.org . Archived from the original on March 3, 2022 . Retrieved May 27, 2022 .

^ Jump up to: a b c McIntosh, Jane R. (2005). Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives . Santa Barbara, California, Denver, Colorado, and Oxford, England: ABC-CLIO. pp. 273–76. ISBN 978-1-57607-966-9 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Aaboe, Asger (May 2, 1974). "Scientific Astronomy in Antiquity". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . 276 (1257): 21–42. Bibcode : 1974RSPTA.276...21A . doi : 10.1098/rsta.1974.0007 . JSTOR 74272 . S2CID 122508567 .

^ Biggs, R D. (2005). "Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia". Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies . 19 (1): 7–18.

^ Lehoux, Daryn (2011). "2. Natural Knowledge in the Classical World". In Shank, Michael; Numbers, Ronald; Harrison, Peter (eds.). Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-226-31783-0 .

^ An account of the pre-Socratic use of the concept of φύσις may be found in Naddaf, Gerard (2006) The Greek Concept of Nature , SUNY Press, and in Ducarme, Frédéric; Couvet, Denis (2020). "What does 'nature' mean?" . Palgrave Communications . Springer Nature . 6 (14). doi : 10.1057/s41599-020-0390-y . . The word φύσις, while first used in connection with a plant in Homer, occurs early in Greek philosophy, and in several senses. Generally, these senses match rather well the current senses in which the English word nature is used, as confirmed by Guthrie, W.K.C. Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus (volume 2 of his History of Greek Philosophy ), Cambridge UP, 1965.

^ Strauss, Leo; Gildin, Hilail (1989). "Progress or Return? The Contemporary Crisis in Western Education". An Introduction to Political Philosophy: Ten Essays by Leo Strauss . Wayne State University Press (published August 1, 1989). ISBN 978-0814319024 . Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 . Retrieved May 30, 2022 .

^ O'Grady, Patricia F. (2016). Thales of Miletus: The Beginnings of Western Science and Philosophy . New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-7546-0533-1 . Archived from the original on March 31, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Burkert, Walter (June 1, 1972). Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-53918-1 . Archived from the original on January 29, 2018.

^ Pullman, Bernard (1998). The Atom in the History of Human Thought . pp. 31–33. Bibcode : 1998ahht.book.....P . ISBN 978-0-19-515040-7 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Cohen, Henri; Lefebvre, Claire, eds. (2017). Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science (Second ed.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-08-101107-2 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Margotta, Roberto (1968). The Story of Medicine . New York City, New York: Golden Press . Archived from the original on February 5, 2021 . Retrieved November 18, 2020 .

^ Touwaide, Alain (2005). Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey, Steven; Wallis, Faith (eds.). Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia . New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7 . Archived from the original on February 6, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Leff, Samuel; Leff, Vera (1956). From Witchcraft to World Health . London , England: Macmillan . Archived from the original on February 5, 2021 . Retrieved August 23, 2020 .

^ "Plato, Apology" . p. 17. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018 . Retrieved November 1, 2017 .

^ "Plato, Apology" . p. 27. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018 . Retrieved November 1, 2017 .

^ Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics (H. Rackham ed.). Archived from the original on March 17, 2012 . Retrieved September 22, 2010 . 1139b

^ Jump up to: a b McClellan III, James E.; Dorn, Harold (2015). Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction . Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 99–100. ISBN 978-1-4214-1776-9 . Archived from the original on February 6, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Graßhoff, Gerd (1990). The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue . Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences. Vol. 14. New York, NY: Springer New York. doi : 10.1007/978-1-4612-4468-4 . ISBN 978-1-4612-8788-9 . Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 . Retrieved May 27, 2022 .

^ Hoffmann, Susanne M. (2017). Hipparchs Himmelsglobus (in German). Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Bibcode : 2017hihi.book.....H . doi : 10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8 . ISBN 978-3-658-18682-1 . Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 . Retrieved May 27, 2022 .

^ Edwards, C.H. Jr. (1979). The Historical Development of the Calculus (First ed.). New York City, New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-387-94313-8 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Lawson, Russell M. (2004). Science in the Ancient World: An Encyclopedia . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 190–91. ISBN 978-1-85109-539-1 . Archived from the original on February 5, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Murphy, Trevor Morgan (2004). Pliny the Elder's Natural History: The Empire in the Encyclopedia . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-926288-5 . Archived from the original on February 6, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Doody, Aude (2010). Pliny's Encyclopedia: The Reception of the Natural History . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-139-48453-4 . Archived from the original on March 31, 2021 . Retrieved October 20, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Roman and early medieval science". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (Second ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 132–162. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7 .

^ Grant, Edward (1996). The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional and Intellectual Contexts . Cambridge Studies in the History of Science. Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–17. ISBN 978-0-521-56762-6 . Archived from the original on August 21, 2019 . Retrieved November 9, 2018 .

^ Wildberg, Christian (May 1, 2018). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . Metaphysics Research Lab, St
Fucking Cock Gag
Handjob Party Video
Xxx Indo Remes Tetyk