The Secretary Typed
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The Secretary Typed
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the occupation of an assistant. For the position of leadership, see Secretary (title) . For other uses, see Secretary (disambiguation) .
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^ "Secretary Job Information | National Careers Service" . Nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk. January 27, 2012 . Retrieved February 3, 2014 .
^ Jump up to: a b Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. pp. 458–460. ISBN 978-0-306-82020-5 .
^ Robert III, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. pp. 142–151. ISBN 978-0-306-82019-9 .
^ "Secretaries and Administrative Assistants : Occupational Outlook Handbook : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics" . Bls.gov. March 29, 2012 . Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
^ "Secretary - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary" . Merriam-webster.com. August 31, 2012 . Retrieved February 3, 2014 .
^ Mullaney, Marie Marmo; Hilbert, Rosemary C. (February 2018). "Educating Women for Self-Reliance and Economic Opportunity: The Strategic Entrepreneurialism of the Katharine Gibbs Schools, 1911–1968" . History of Education Quarterly . 58 (1): 65–93. doi : 10.1017/heq.2017.49 . ISSN 0018-2680 .
^ Weiss, J (1981). "Educating for clerical work: The nineteenth-century private commercial school". Journal of Social History . 14 : 416.
^ Scot, Barbara (September 29, 1967). "Secretaries wanted across the Atlantic" . The Glasgow Herald . p. 9.
^ Seebohm, Caroline (July 19, 1971). "English Girls in New York: They Don't Go Home Again" . New York . pp. 34–38.
^ "Secretaries/typists" . NHS Careers . Retrieved January 1, 2012 .
^ Rampell, Catherine (September 9, 2014). "The college degree has become the new high school degree" . The Washington Post . Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
^ Military Assistant/Executive Officer Handbook . Retrieved on 11 June 2013.
A secretary , administrative professional , or personal assistant is a person whose work consists of supporting management , including executives, using a variety of project management , communication , or organizational skills. However this role should not be confused with the role of an executive secretary , who differs from a personal assistant.
The functions of a personal assistant may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit of more than one. In other situations a secretary is an officer of a society or organization who deals with correspondence , admits new members, and organizes official meetings and events. [1] [2] [3]
A secretary, also known as a personal assistant (PA) or administrative assistant , has many administrative duties. The title "secretary" is not used as often as in decades past, and responsibilities have evolved in response to the technological age, requiring knowledge in software such as the Microsoft Office suite of applications. The duties may vary according to the nature and size of the company or organization, and might include managing budgets, bookkeeping, attending telephone calls, handling visitors, maintaining websites, travel arrangements, and preparing expense reports. Secretaries might also manage all the administrative details of running a high-level conference or meeting and be responsible for arranging the catering for a lunch meeting. Often executives will ask their assistant to take the minutes at meetings and prepare meeting documents for review. [4] In addition to the minutes, the secretary may be responsible for keeping all of the official records of a company or organization. [2] A secretary is also regarded as an "office manager".
The term is derived from the Latin word secernere , "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle ( secretum ) meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word secret. A secretarius was a person, therefore, overseeing business confidentially, usually for a powerful individual (a king, pope, etc.). As the duties of a modern secretary often still include the handling of confidential information, the literal meaning of their title still holds true. [5]
From the Renaissance until the late 19th century, men involved in the daily correspondence and the activities of the powerful had assumed the title of secretary.
With time, like many titles, the term was applied to more and varied functions, leading to compound titles to specify various secretarial work better, like general secretary or financial secretary . Just "secretary" remained in use either as an abbreviation when clear in the context or for relatively modest positions such as administrative assistant of the officer(s) in charge, either individually or as member of a secretariat. As such less influential posts became more feminine and common with the multiplication of bureaucracies in the public and private sectors, new words were also coined to describe them, such as personal assistant .
In the 1840s and 1850s, commercial schools were emerging to train male and female students the skills needed to work in a clerical position. [6] In 1870, Sir Isaac Pitman founded a school where students could qualify as shorthand writers to "professional and commercial men". Originally, this school was only for male students. In 1871, there were more than 150 such schools operating in the United States, a number that grew to as many as 500 by the 1890’s. [7]
In the 1880s, with the invention of the typewriter , more women began to enter the field and during the upcoming years, especially since World War I , the role of secretary has been primarily associated with women. By the 1930s, fewer men were entering the field of secretaries.
In an effort to promote professionalism among United States secretaries, the National Secretaries Association was created in 1942. Today, this organization is known as the International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP). The organization developed the first standardized test for office workers called the Certified Professional Secretaries Examination (CPS). It was first administered in 1951.
By the mid-20th century, the need for secretaries was great and offices and organizations featured large secretarial pools . In some cases the demand was great enough to spur secretaries being recruited from overseas; in particular, there was often a steady demand for young British women to come to the U.S. and fill temporary or permanent secretarial positions. [8] Several organizations were created to assist secretaries from foreign lands, including the Society of International Secretaries and the Association of British Secretaries in America . [9]
In 1952, Mary Barrett, president of the National Secretaries Association, C. King Woodbridge, president of Dictaphone Corporation, and American businessman Harry F. Klemfuss created a special Secretary's Day holiday, to recognize the hard work of the staff in the office. The holiday caught on, and during the fourth week of April is now celebrated in offices all over the world. It has been renamed " Administrative Professional's Week " to highlight the increased responsibility of today's secretary and other administrative workers, and to avoid embarrassment to those who believe that "secretary" refers only to women or to unskilled workers.
In a business, many job descriptions overlap. However, while administrative assistant is a generic term, not necessarily implying directly working for a superior, a secretary is usually the key person for all administrative tasks, and often referred to as the "gate keeper". Other titles describing jobs similar to or overlapping those of the traditional secretary are Office Coordinator, Executive Assistant, Office Manager and Administrative Professional.
In the United States, a variety of skills and adaptability to new situations is necessary. As such, a four-year degree is often preferred and a two-year degree is usually a requirement. Another option is to get a professional certification from a national association. [ citation needed ]
The work of an executive assistant (sometimes called a management assistant) differs a great deal from that of an administrative assistant. In many organizations, an executive assistant is a high-ranking position in the administrative hierarchy. Executive assistants work for a company officer or executive (at both private and public institutions), and possess the authority to make crucial decisions affecting the direction of such organizations. As such, executive assistants play a role in decision-making and policy setting. The executive assistant performs the usual roles of managing correspondence, preparing research, and communication, often with one or more administrative assistants or scheduling assistants who report to him or her. The executive assistant also acts as the "gatekeeper", understanding in varying degree the requirements of the executive, and with an ability through this understanding to decide which scheduled events, meetings, teleconferences, or e-mails are most appropriate for allocation of the executive's time.
An executive assistant may, from time to time, act as proxy for the executives, representing him/her/them in meetings or communications and project managing the production of reports or other deliverables in the absence of the executive. An executive assistant differs from an administrative assistant (a job which is often part of the career path of an executive assistant) in that they are expected to possess a higher degree of business acumen, be able to manage projects, as well as have the ability to influence others on behalf of the executive. In the past, executive assistants were required to have a high school diploma , but increasingly jobs are requiring a bachelor's degree . [11]
In the U.S. Department of Defense , the title of military assistant (MA) or executive assistant (EA) is typically held by Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps colonels , lieutenant colonels , and senior majors and Navy captains , commanders and senior lieutenant commanders who are in direct support of the Secretary of Defense , Deputy Secretary of Defense and other civilian defense officials down to the level of a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense , as well as general officers or flag officers .
The Secretary of Defense also has a lieutenant general or vice admiral as his/her senior military assistant.
Like their civilian counterparts, EAs are also a resource in decision-making, policy setting, and will have leadership oversight of the entire military and civilian staff supporting the civilian official, general officer, or flag officer. EAs are often interchangeable with other senior military officers of equivalent rank holding the title of chief of staff in other service organizations headed by a flag officer or general officer. In the case of unified combatant commands and service major commands, the Chief of Staff is often a general officer or flag officer himself/herself, typically at the 1-star or 2-star level, but he or she should not be confused with the 4-star officers holding the title of Chief of Staff of the Army or Chief of Staff of the Air Force . [12]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Secretary .
Look up secretary in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Types of Secretary with its Definition | Business Communication Article
Secretary - Wikipedia
Переделайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice 1.We asked him about...
What Are the Different Types of Secretaries ? (with pictures)
Profession Secretary : history, responsibilities, the pros and cons...
Переделайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice
1.We asked him about his holidays
2.They have already discussed the novel
3. He did not qive me his address
4. She showed him the way to the metro station
5. He will introduce me to his friends
6. They are buildinq a bridqe over the river
7. I haven't yet translated the article
8. We were lookinq at the man with qreat surprise
9. You will speak about the film at the lesson
10. The headmistress sent for the pupil's parents
11. Has the secretary typed the letters? - No. she is typinq them now
Начни учиться еще быстрее с неограниченным доступом к ответам от экспертов
Which of the following do you like doing while on holiday? Tell your partner
what do you know about london look at the text and read the subheadings
Помогите мне очень срочно пожалуйста!!!!!!
помогите 2. Read the text again and answer the questions.1 How did Kazakh nomads tell that spring had begun in ancient times?2 When is the official pu
…
blic holiday of Nauryz in Kazakhstan?3 What do people do in preparation for Nauryz?4 Why is a clean house important for the celebration of Nauryz?5 What do people eat during this national holiday? What is its significance?
Label the photos with the words given below 6 words you don't need
Помогите пожалуйста сзаданием по английскому языку
Read a short paragraph from a book review and fill in the gaps. You may change the form of the word
…
if necessary.
I absolutely enjoyed
(to read) this article. People who are interested in
(to learn) the history of animation movies will most probably like it. Readers can
(to get) knowledge of what it was like to create animations in Greek and Roman mythology.
что является залогом уюта и комфорта в английском доме?дам 15 баллов
A. Insert verbs using the right tenses:
1. I _____ (see) you yesterday when you ______ (play) basketball with your friends.
2. Yesterday Michael ____
…
(read) a book while Barbara _____ (watch) TV all day long.
3. John told me that you ________ (be) to Saint Petersburg twice. – Yes, I ____ there in 2007
and 2019.
4. We_____ (swim) in the river when it _____ (start) to rain.
5. What ________ (do) here, Lucy? – I _______ (visit) my grandma.
6. My parents ______ (never be) to Turkey. I ____ (spend) my vacations there this year.
B. Insert adjectives in the right order:
1. Maggie is wearing a _________ (French, beautiful, pink, small, new) hat.
2. Bob and Tim play with a _________ (tennis, round, rubber, yellow, funny) ball.
3. Who has seen _________ (new, music, our) teacher?
4. _________ (clean, Chinese, red, my, all) socks are in this box.
5. My mom has bought _____________ (kitchen, Swiss, sharp, long, two) knives.
C. Translate the sentences into English. Use correct verb tenses and put adjectives in the right
order:
1. Когда мы играли в волейбол, Маша потеряла свою красную маленькую новую
заколку.
2. Мы в прошлом году купили синий ржавый старый подержанный Lamborghini, и
мой папа все еще выплачивает кредит.
3. Они уже три года живут в этом сером старом большом доме.
4. Вы когда-нибудь бывали в более теплом, прекрасном, интересном месте, чем
Африка? – Да, я пять лет назад был в Австралии, и она мне очень понравилась.
5. Том только что закончил детективный страшный увлекательный длинный роман.
Общие вопросы Правила Как получить баллы? Реклама Политика конфиденциальности Responsible disclosure program
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