The River Thames Flows Through London

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"Thames" and "Tamesis" redirect here. For other uses of "Thames", see Thames (disambiguation) . For the town in Colombia, see Támesis, Antioquia . For the publisher, see Tamesis Books .
Map of the Thames within southern England
Thameside settlements Towns/villages by parish beside the river blank spaces indicate as place above (")
  Solutrean and Proto Solutrean Cultures
This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture . Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, providing citations to reliable, secondary sources , rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2017 )

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The River Thames ( / t ɛ m z / ( listen ) TEMZ ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis , is a river that flows through southern England including London . At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom , after the River Severn .

It flows through Oxford (where it is commonly called the Isis), Reading , Henley-on-Thames and Windsor . The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway , derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock . It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire , and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary . The Thames drains the whole of Greater London . [1]

Its tidal section, reaching up to Teddington Lock, includes most of its London stretch and has a rise and fall of 23 feet (7 m). Running through some of the driest parts of mainland Britain and heavily abstracted for drinking water, the Thames' discharge is low considering its length and breadth: the Severn has a discharge almost twice as large on average despite having a smaller drainage basin . In Scotland , the Tay achieves more than double the Thames' average discharge from a drainage basin that is 60% smaller.

Along its course are 45 navigation locks with accompanying weirs. Its catchment area covers a large part of south-eastern and a small part of western England; the river is fed by at least 50 named tributaries . The river contains over 80 islands . With its waters varying from freshwater to almost seawater, the Thames supports a variety of wildlife and has a number of adjoining Sites of Special Scientific Interest , with the largest being in the North Kent Marshes and covering 5,289 hectares (20.4 sq mi). [2]

According to Mallory and Adams, the Thames, from Middle English Temese , is derived from the Brittonic name for the river, Tamesas (from * tamēssa ), [3] recorded in Latin as Tamesis and yielding modern Welsh Tafwys "Thames". The name may have meant "dark" and can be compared to other cognates such as Russian темно ( Proto-Slavic * tĭmĭnŭ ), Lithuanian tamsi "dark", Latvian tumsa "darkness", Sanskrit tamas and Welsh tywyll "darkness" and Middle Irish teimen "dark grey". [3] The origin is shared by many other river names in Britain, such as the River Tamar at the border of Devon and Cornwall , several rivers named Tame in the Midlands and North Yorkshire , the Tavy on Dartmoor , the Team of the North East, the Teifi and Teme of Wales , the Teviot in the Scottish Borders and a Thames tributary the Thame .

Kenneth H. Jackson has proposed that the name of the Thames is not Indo-European (and of unknown meaning), [4] while Peter Kitson suggested that it is Indo-European but originated before the Britons and has a name indicating "muddiness" from a
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