The Red Headed League Summary

The Red Headed League Summary



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The Red Headed League Summary
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Colin has been reading as long as he can remember, and the works of Conan Doyle were some of the early works that kept him reading.
The adventure of The Red Headed League has traditionally been one of the most popular Sherlock Holmes stories. On the face of it, it seems a ludicrous case for the world’s only consulting detective to investigate, after all, the client has only lost a part-time job, but of course the case is much more serious than that.
The Red Headed League is the second short story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to feature Sherlock Holmes, after Scandal in Bohemia ; making it the fourth story of the official canon of published work.
The Red Headed League was first published in August 1891 in the Strand Magazine, and would, the following year, be reprinted in the compilation work, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes .
The writing of short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes was bringing Sir Arthur Conan Doyle more and more popular success, and people would soon be eagerly awaiting the monthly publication of the Strand Magazine.
The short stories seemed to hit the right note with the public, and because of its length, The Red Headed League is fast paced; whilst the story is short, it is detailed enough for the reader to follow the whole case.
Having dealt with poisoning, conspiracy and blackmail in the previous stories, initially a case of red headed gentleman losing his well paid part-time job, might not appear worthy for the attention of Sherlock Holmes. Holmes though sees the possibility of something far more important from the provided facts, and creates a working hypothesis. Holmes then uses his energy to provide the additional facts that confirm that hypothesis.
The absurdity of the case makes The Red Headed League one of the most memorable written stories; the fact that the 1985 Jeremy Brett adaptation as part of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a relatively faithful adaptation, has helped with the memorability of the story.
Sidney Paget (1860 - 1908) PD-life-70
The case of The Red Headed League sees Dr Watson visiting 221B Baker Street to see his old friend Sherlock Holmes. There he finds the detective in consultation with a new client, Jebez Wilson, a London pawnbroker, and Watson is asked to sit in as the pawnbroker tells his tale.
Two months previous Jabez Wilson had been shown a newspaper advert by Vincent Spaulding, Wilson’s shop assistant. The advert offered the opportunity for well paid work, as long as they met the criteria; the criteria being that they must be over 21 and have red hair. Wilson has a superb head of red hair.
Money was tight at the pawnbrokers, and so Wilson was easily convinced to apply for the job.
On his arrival at the interview for the job, it seemed that every red-headed main in London had descended on the offices where the interviews were being held. Wilson though was the only one who was successful, and Duncan Ross, the interviewing manager, described him as the perfect candidate.
It seemed that an eccentric American had left a will that had formed the League of Red Headed Men, and the League was now employing people for the princely sum of four pounds a week. All that Wilson would be required to do for the money was to copy out sections of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
By accepting the job, Wilson was committing himself to being absent from his own business for four hours each afternoon; but as Wilson explained, the afternoons were quieter than the evenings for his business, and Spaulding would be able to cope.
Wilson had enjoyed the new work, and for two months he had turned up for employment at the offices of the League of Red Headed Men. One day Wilson turned up for work to find that a notice was posted on the office door, stating, “The Red Headed League is dissolved”. Finding no trace of Duncan Ross, or of the League, Wilson was now asking Holmes to look into it.
Holmes is taken with the absurdity of the case, and so accepts Wilson as a client. Holmes has only a few questions for Wilson, most of which revolve around his assistant, Vincent Spaulding. Spaulding has only been working for Wilson for three months, and has been working for half the normal wages, another interesting fact about Spaulding is that in his spare time, he is to be found in the pawnbroker’s basement, messing around with his photographic equipment.
Once Wilson departs Baker Street, Holmes sits and ponders the problem, before inviting Watson to accompany him to the concert. On the way to the concert, Holmes and Watson pass by Wilson’s pawnbroker’s shop, and Holmes pops in, ostensibly to ask for directions, but in reality so that he can get a look at Spaulding. Outside of the shop, Holmes takes time to tap away at the ground.
Holmes has now gathered all of the threads he needs to solve the case. A few hours later, Holmes and Watson find themselves sitting in the dark in a bank vault; alongside them are Inspector Jones, and Mr Merryweather, a director of the City and Suburban Bank. The vault itself is full of French gold.
Only a short period of time elapses before the sound of tunnelling reaches the ears of the men hidden in the bank vault. Then suddenly a hole appears in the wall of the vault; through the hole comes Vincent Spaulding, Wilson’s assistant, but who is in reality a notorious criminal by the name of John Clay. Clay is arrested, as his accomplice, the man known as Duncan Ross, but is actually another criminal called Archie.
Holmes than explains the case in full to Watson; Watson being at a loss, despite having all of the same evidence as Holmes.
The Red Headed League, to Holmes, was an obvious ruse, meant to ensure Wilson’s absence from his business. The signs of dirt on the knees of Spaulding were also obviously signs that tunnelling had occurred; and the fact that the shop was opposite a bank indicated that a robbery was intended. Lastly the fact that the Red Headed League had been wound up, also meant that the robbery was imminent.
Sidney Paget (1860 - 1908) PD-life-70
Question: Who is Wilson in "The Red-Headed League?
Answer: Jebez Wilson is the owner of a pawnbroker's; he also sports a head of bright red hair. Thus, it was Wilson who was enticed to gain additional employment with the Red-Headed League.
Question: Is there any red herring in the story "Red-Headed League"?
Answer: Strictly speaking there is no red herring in the tale of the Red Headed League, as there is nothing that leads the reader to a false conclusion. The actual Red Headed League was immediately seen to be a diversion by Holmes, and as such so the reader also knows that, and so there must be something going on elsewhere.
Question: What is the Red-Headed League?
Answer: The Red-Headed League was purportedly an organisation set up by Ezekiah Hopkins of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, to provide financial assistance to red-headed individuals for small amounts of work.

Of course, the Red-Headed League was actually a ruse to get Jabez Wilson out of his pawnbroking business.

The Red - Headed League Summary - eNotes.com
Plot Summary of the Red Headed League - Owlcation - Education
The Red - Headed League - Wikipedia
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes “ The Red - headed League ” Summary and...
The Red - Headed League | Encyclopedia.com | Plot Summary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the short story. For the television episode, see The Red-Headed League (Sherlock Holmes episode) .
Duncan Ross shakes Jabez Wilson's hand with Vincent Spaulding looking on, 1891 illustration by Sidney Paget

^ Temple, Emily (22 May 2018). "The 12 Best Sherlock Holmes Stories, According to Arthur Conan Doyle" . Literary Hub . Retrieved 6 January 2019 .

^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" . MeasuringWorth . Retrieved 2 February 2020 .

^ Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Penguin Complete Sherlock Holmes" (Penguin 1987) pp.178

^ Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Dates in The Red-Headed League ", reprinted in 17 Steps to 221B Baker Street (George Allen and Unwin, 1967) pp.57-67. Sayers' analysis is somewhat tongue-in-cheek In the Foreword to Unpopular Opinions , in which this essay also appeared, Sayers says that the "game of applying the methods of the Higher Criticism to the Sherlock Holmes canon ... has become a hobby among a select set of jesters here and in America."

^ Smith (2014), p. 44.

^ Jump up to: a b Cawthorne (2011), p. 56.

^ Cawthorne (2011), p. 54.

^ Eyles, Alan (1986). Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration . Harper & Row. p.  130 . ISBN   0-06-015620-1 .

^ Eyles, Alan (1986). Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration . Harper & Row. p.  136 . ISBN   0-06-015620-1 .

^ Eyles, Alan (1986). Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration . Harper & Row. p.  138 . ISBN   0-06-015620-1 .

^ Barnes, Alan (2011). Sherlock Holmes on Screen . Titan Books. pp. 225–226. ISBN   9780857687760 .

^ Shinjiro Okazaki and Kenichi Fujita (ed.), "シャーロックホームズ冒険ファンブック Shārokku Hōmuzu Boken Fan Bukku", Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2014, pp. 43-45. (Guidebook to the show)

^ Dickerson (2019), p. 25.

^ Dickerson (2019), p. 53.

^ Dickerson (2019), p. 73.

^ Dickerson (2019), p. 96.

^ Dickerson (2019), p. 129.

^ Dickerson (2019), p. 229.

^ De Waal, Ronald Burt (1974). The World Bibliography of Sherlock Holmes . Bramhall House. p.  385 . ISBN   0-517-217597 .

^ De Waal, Ronald Burt (1974). The World Bibliography of Sherlock Holmes . Bramhall House. p.  386 . ISBN   0-517-217597 .

^ De Waal, Ronald Burt (1974). The World Bibliography of Sherlock Holmes . Bramhall House. p.  391 . ISBN   0-517-217597 .

^ Dickerson (2019), pp. 284, 287.

^ Payton, Gordon; Grams, Martin Jr. (2015) [1999]. The CBS Radio Mystery Theater: An Episode Guide and Handbook to Nine Years of Broadcasting, 1974-1982 (Reprinted ed.). McFarland. p. 205. ISBN   9780786492282 .

^ Eyles, Alan (1986). Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration . Harper & Row. p.  140 . ISBN   0-06-015620-1 .

^ Bert Coules. "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" . The BBC complete audio Sherlock Holmes . Retrieved 12 December 2016 .

^ Wright, Stewart (30 April 2019). "The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: Broadcast Log" (PDF) . Old-Time Radio . Retrieved 14 June 2020 .


" The Red-Headed League " is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . It first appeared in The Strand Magazine in August 1891, with illustrations by Sidney Paget . Conan Doyle ranked "The Red-Headed League" second in his list of his twelve favorite Holmes stories. [1] It is also the second of the twelve stories in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , which was published in 1892.

Wilson, a London pawnbroker , comes to consult Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson. While studying this prospective client, both Holmes and Watson notice his red hair , which has a distinct flame-like hue. Wilson tells them that some weeks before, his young assistant, Vincent Spaulding, urged him to respond to a newspaper want-ad offering highly-paid work to only red-headed male applicants. The next morning, Wilson had waited in a long line of fellow red-headed men, was interviewed, and was the only applicant hired, because none of the other applicants qualified; their red hair was either too dark or too bright and did not match Wilson's unique flame colour.

Wilson tells Holmes that his business has been struggling. Since his pawnshop did most of its business in the evenings, he was able to vacate his shop for short periods in the afternoon, receiving £4 (equivalent to £443 in 2019 [2] ) a week for several weeks; the work was obviously useless clerical work in a bare office, only performed for nominal compliance with a will , whereupon he was made to copy the Encyclopædia Britannica . Wilson learned much about the subjects starting with the "A" section, and looked forward to getting into the "B" section. One morning, a sign on the locked office door inexplicably announced that "THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED"—Oct. 9, 1890."

Wilson went to the landlord, who said he had never heard of Duncan Ross, the person who managed the league office. The landlord did remember the tenant with scarlet hair and gave him a card that directs Wilson to an artificial knee company. Wilson concludes by expressing his frustration at losing the £4 a week.

Watson and Holmes laugh at Wilson because of the ridiculous situation, but Holmes assures him that they will solve the case by Monday. Wilson leaves after giving the detective a description of Spaulding; Holmes decides to see Spaulding, whom Holmes notices has dirty trouser knees. Holmes then taps on the pavement in front of Wilson's shop. With the case solved, he calls Police Inspector Jones and Mr. Merryweather, a director of the bank located next door.

The four hide in the bank vault, waiting in the dark for over an hour until two men emerge from a tunnel cut into the vault's floor and are captured. They are John Clay, who has a long history of criminal activity already, and his helper Archie. Under the aliases of Spaulding and Ross, they had contrived the 'Red-Headed League' rigmarole to keep Wilson out of his shop while they dug a tunnel in the basement to reach the vault. Although paying Wilson £4 a week was expensive, it was a pittance compared to the shipment of gold coins they were planning to steal.

Back at Baker Street, Holmes explains to Watson how he solved the case, applauding Clay's creativity and regretting that such a mind has been wasted on crime.

The dates given in the story do not match the characters' descriptions of time passing. The date that Wilson sees the advertisement is 27 April 1890 and he has been at work for 8 weeks and says "Just two months ago." [3] Thus that happened by the end of June. However, the story begins by describing Holmes's meeting with Wilson as being on "one day in the autumn of last year" and the date on the door telling of the League being dissolved is that of 9 October 1890, six months after the ad was placed.

Dorothy L. Sayers analyzed this discrepancy and claims that the dates must have been 4 August and 4 October respectively. [4]

"The Red-Headed League" was first published in the UK in The Strand Magazine in August 1891, and in the United States in the US edition of the Strand in September 1891. [5] The story was published with ten illustrations by Sidney Paget in The Strand Magazine . [6] It was included in the short story collection The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , [6] which was published in October 1892. [7]

A 1921 short film was adapted from the story as part of the Stoll film series featuring Eille Norwood as Sherlock Holmes. [8]

The story was adapted for a 1951 TV episode of Sherlock Holmes starring Alan Wheatley as Holmes. [9]

The first American television adaptation of the story was in the 1954–1955 television series Sherlock Holmes starring Ronald Howard .

An adaptation of "The Red-Headed League" was used for an episode of the 1965 television series Sherlock Holmes starring Douglas Wilmer as Holmes and Nigel Stock as Watson, with Toke Townley as Jabez Wilson. [10]

In the 1985 television adaptation starring Jeremy Brett , the scheme was masterminded by Professor Moriarty and Clay is Moriarty's star pupil of crime.

An episode of the animated 1999–2001 television series Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century titled "The Red-Headed League" was based on the story. [11]

In the NHK puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes , Jabez Wilson is a pupil of Beeton School as well as Holmes and Watson and is invited to the Red-Headed Club by his senior Duncan Ross. But strangely enough, what he does in the club is painting balls, stones and bottles red. Holmes suspects that it is a means for Ross to ensure Wilson stays away from a certain place. [12]

Edith Meiser adapted the story as the third episode of the radio series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , which aired on 5 January 1931, starring Clive Brook as Sherlock Holmes and Leigh Lovell as Dr. Watson. [13] Other episodes adapted from the story aired on 24 May 1933 (with Richard Gordon as Holmes and Lovell as Watson) [14] and 8 February 1936 (with Gordon as Holmes and Harry West as Watson). [15]

Edith Meiser also adapted the story for the radio series The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes with Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Watson. The episode aired on 27 October 1940. [16] Other episodes adapted from the story aired on 28 May 1943, [17] and on 2 June 1947 (with Tom Conway as Holmes and Bruce as Watson). [18] The story was also read by Basil Rathbone in a 1966 recording released by Caedmon Records .

A radio adaptation starring Carleton Hobbs as Holmes and Norman Shelley as Watson aired on the BBC Home Service in 1953, as part of the 1952–1969 radio series . [19] Hobbs and Shelley also played Holmes and Watson respectively in a 1957 radio adaptation on the BBC Home Service, [20] and a 1964 radio adaptation on the BBC Light Programme . [21]

John Gielgud played Holmes and Ralph Richardson played Watson in a radio adaptation of "The Red-Headed League" which aired on 19 October 1954 on the BBC Light Programme. The production also aired in January 1955 on NBC radio and in May 1956 on ABC radio. [22]

A radio adaptation aired on 26 April 1977, on the series CBS Radio Mystery Theater . Kevin McCarthy was the voice of Holmes. [23]

An adaptation aired on BBC radio in June 1978, starring Barry Foster as Holmes and David Buck as Watson. It was adapted by Michael Bakewell . [24]

"The Red-Headed League" was dramatised for BBC Radio 4 in 1990 by Vincent McInerney as an episode of the 1989–1998 radio series , starring Clive Merrison as Holmes and Michael Williams as Watson. It also featured James Wilby as Vincent Spaulding. [25]

A 2014 episode of the radio series The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was adapted from the story, and starred John Patrick Lowrie as Holmes and Lawrence Albert as Watson. [26]


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