The Etymologies VIII

OKTA- See KOT. Q ohta war. N auth. Ilk. oth.

OLOS- dream. Q olor dream, Olofantur (s-f > f) = Lorien. N [olt >] ol (pl. elei); oltha- to dream (*olsa-); Olfannor (= Olo(s)-fantur) [SPAN] = Lorien. [See LOS.]

OM- Q oma voice; oman, amandi vowel.

ONO- beget (see NO). Q onta- beget, create (pa.t. one, ontane); onna creature; ontaro (ontaro) begetter, parent (f. ontare); ontani parents. N odhron parent (odhril); (*onro) ed-onna beget; un creature.

ORO- up; rise; high; etc. (cf. RO). Q ore rising, anarore sunrise; ortarise, raise. N or prep. above; prefix or- as in orchall, orchel superior, eminent (see KHAL(2)); ON ortie, orie rise, ortobe raise; N ortho raise (orthant); erio rise (+ oronte arose).

OROT- height, mountain. Q oron (pl. oronti) mountain; orto mountain-top. ON oro, pl. oroti, beside oroto; N orod (pl. ereid, ered) mountain; orodrim range of mountains (see RIM). Dor. orth, pl. orthin. Cf. Orodreth; Eredwethion, Eredlindon, Eredlemrin, Eredengrin.

OR-NI- high tree. Q orne tree, high isolated tree. N, Dor. orn. In Doriath used especially of beech, but as suffix in regorn etc. used of any tree of any size. In N used of any large tree - holly, hawthorn, etc. were classed as toss (tussa) bush [TUS]: thus eregdos = holly [EREK]. N orn has pl. yrn.

OROK- *orku goblin: Q orko, pl. orqi. ON orko, pl. orkui; N orch, pl. yrch. Dor. urch, pl. urchin. Dan. urc, pl. yrc.

OROM- * Orome: Q Orome; ON Oroume, Araume > Exilic Araw, also called Tauros. See ROM.

OS- round, about. N o about, concerning, h before vowel as o Hedhil concerning Elves; os- prefix 'about', as esgeri cut round, amputate (3 sg. osgar). Q osto city, town with wall round. N ost; othrond fortress, city in underground caves = ost-rond (see ROD). Cf. Belegost, Nargothrond.

OT- (OTOS, OTOK) seven. Q otso; N odog. Q Otselen Seven Stars, N Edegil, = Great Bear or Valakirka Sickle of the Gods.

OY- ever, eternal. Q oi ever; oia (*oiya) everlasting; otale, oire everlasting [?age]; oira eternal. Oiolosse 'Everlasting snow' Taniqetil = ON Uigolosse, N Uilos, Amon Uilos; uir eternity; uireb eternal. Q Oiakumi = Avakuma. [This entry replaced that under GEY, which itself replaced EY.]

PAD- Q panda enclosure. N cirban haven; pann courtyard.

PAL- wide (open). Q palla wide, expansive; palu-, palya- open wide, spread, expand, extend; N pelio spread. Q palme surface; N palath surface. Q palure surface, bosom, bosom of Earth (= Old English folde), hence Palurien surname of Yavanna. [Later addition:] palang far, distant, wide, to a great extent; palantir a far-seeing stone.

PALAP- Q palpa- to beat, batter. N blebi for * plebi; blab flap, beat (wing, etc.)

PAN- place, set, fix in place (especially of wood). Q panya- fix, set; N penio. Q pano piece of shaped wood. pano: plank, fixed board, especially in a floor: ON pano, panui, N pan, pein; panas floor. Q ampano building (especially of wood), wooden hall.

PAR. compose, put together. * panna: Q parma book, ON parma, N parf (perf). Q parmalambe book-language = Qenya. ON parthobi arrange, compose.

PARAK- Q parka dry; ON parkha, N parch.

PAT- (cf. PATH) * panta open: Q panta, obsolete in ON owing to coalescence with qanta full. Q panta- to unfurl, spread out, open. N panno to open, enlarge; pann (*patna) wide.

PATH- *pathna: ON pattha, N path; Q pasta smooth. * pathma: ON pathcva, N pathw level space, sward.

PEG- mouth. Q pe.

PEL- revolve on fixed point. Q pel- go round, revolve, return. *peltakse: Q peltas, pl. peltaksi pivot; ON pelthaksa, N pelthaes pivot (see TAK).

PEL(ES)- ON pele (pl. pelesi, peleki) [Old English] 'tun', fenced field. N pel, pl. peli. Q peler; opele walled house or village, 'town'; N gobel, cf. Tavrobel (village of Turin in the forest of Brethil, and name of village in Tol Eressea) [TAM]; Tindobel = starlit village [TIN].

PEN-, PENED- Q pende slope, downslope, declivity; ampende upward slope, penda sloping down, inclined. N pend, penn declivity; ambenn uphill; dadbenn downhill, inclined, prone [see AM(2), DAT]. N pendrad or pendrath passage up or down slope, stairway.

PER- divide in middle, halve. Q perya, perina; N perin, cf. Peringol half-Elf, or Gnome. [Cf. Beringol and Peringiul 'Half-elven'; also Pereldar 'Half-eldar', Danas. The puzzling words 'or Gnome' should perhaps be interpreted as if 'half-Elf, or rather half-Gnome (perin + ngol)'.]

PERES- affect, disturb, alter. N presto to affect, trouble, disturb; prestannen 'affected', of vowel [i.e. 'mutated']; prestanneth 'affection' of vowels. ON persos it affects, concerns. [This entry is found on a detached slip.]

PHAL-, PHALAS- foam. Q falle foam; falma (crested) wave; falmar or falmarin (falmarindi) sea-spirit, nymph; falasse beach; Falanyel, pl. Falanyeldi = Solonel, name of the Teleri, also in Telerin form Fallinel (see NYEL). N falf foam, breaker; faltho (ON phalsobe) to foam; falas (pl. feles) beach, shore, as proper name i Falas west coast (of Beleriand), whence adj. Falathren. The variant SPALAS is seen in espalass foaming [? fall]; T spalasta- to foam, froth. [With falmarin 'sea-spirit' cf. Falmarini, spirits of the foam, in the Lost Tales, I. Falmarindi is used of the Teleri.]

PHAR- reach, go all the way, suffice. Q farya- suffice (pa.t. farne); fare sufficiency, plenitude, all that is wanted; farea enough, sufficient. EN farn enough; far adv. sufficient, enough, quite.

PHAS- Q fasse tangled hair, shaggy lock; fasta- tangle. ON phasta shaggy hair, EN fast (cf. Ulfast [ULUG]).

PHAU- gape. Q fauka open-mouthed, thirsty, parched; ON phauka thirsty, N faug thirsty; Dor na Fauglith (thirsty sand, see LIT).

PHAY- radiate, send out rays of light. Q faina- emit light; faire radiance; ON phaire. Cf. * Phay-anaro 'radiant sun' > Q Feanaro, ON Phayanor, N Feanour, Feanor. Cf. N foen radiant, white. [See SPAN.]

PHELEG- cave. T felga cave; Q felya; ON phelga, N fela, pl. fili; cf. Felagund [KUNDU].

PHEN- Q fenda threshold; ON phenda, N fend, fenn.

PHER-, PHEREN- beech. Q feren or ferne (pl. ferni) beech-tree; ferna mast, beechnuts; ferinya beechen. T ferne. ON pheren beech; pherna mast; Exilic fer was usually replaced by brethil (see BERETH).

PHEW- feel disgust at, abhor. Q feuya; ON phuiobe, N fuio.

PHI- Q fion (fioni, fiondi) [....] Cf. Fionwe son of Manwe [see WEG]. [The meaning of Q fion is unfortunately not certainly legible; the likeliest interpretation would be 'haste', but 'hawk' is a possibility.]

PHILIK- small bird. Q filit, pl. filiki; N filig pl., analogical singular fileg or filigod.

PHIN- nimbleness, skill. ON phinde skill, phinya skilled; * Phinderauto, N Finrod [RAUTA]. Cf. Q Finwe, ON Phinwe, name of chief Gnome (Exilic * Finw, [see WEG]). Find- occurs also in names Findabar (*Phind-ambar), Fingon (*Findekano) [KAN]; phinya or -phini occurs in Fingolfin (= ngolfine 'magic skill'), Isfin [is], Curufin [KUR]; distinguish SPIN in Glorfindel. [The name Findabar appears in the entry MBAR in the form Findobar, as also in the Genealogies.]

PHIR- Q firin dead (by natural cause), firima mortal; fire mortal man (firi); firya human; Firyanor = Hildorien; ilfirin (for *ilpirin) immortal; faire natural death (as act). N feir, pl. fir mortals; firen human; fern, pl. firn dead (of mortals). Dor firn i guinar Land of the Dead that Live [KUY]. Firiel = mortal maid, later name of Luthien.

PHOR- right-hand. Q forya right; formaite righthanded, dexterous [MAƷ]. formen north, formenya northern [MEN]. N foeir, feir right (hand); forgam righthanded [KAB]; forven north, also forod; forodren northern. Cf. Forodwaith Northmen, Northerland [WEG]; Forodrim. *phoroti: Q forte. N forn right or north. (Cf. KHYAR.)

PHUY- Q fuine, huine deep shadow; Fui, Hui Night. ON phuine night, N fuin; cf. Taur na Fuin = Taure Huineva.

PIK- ON pika small spot, dot; N peg. ON pikina tiny, N pigen.

PILIM- Q pilin (pilindi) arrow.

PIS- Q pirya juice, syrup. N peich; pichen juicy.

PIW- spit. Q piuta; ON puiobe, N puio.

POL-, POLOD- physically strong. Q polda strong, burly. Cf. poldore, adj. Poldorea.

POR- *pori: Q pore flour, meal.

POTO- animal's foot. ON poto, poti, N pod, pyd.

POY- *poika clean, pure: Q poika; N puig clean, tidy, neat.

PUS- stop, halt, pause. Q pusta- to stop, put a stop to, and intr. cease, stop; pusta (noun) stop, in punctuation full stop. N post pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite. [An added entry gives PUT-, with Q putta stop (in punctuation), pusta- to stop, punta a stopped consonant; but the entry PUS- was not cancelled or changed.]