The Ancient Near East ➡️

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✅ The ancient Near East ➡️ is known 💡 as the`cradle of civilization`- and ➕ for good 👍️ reason. Mesopotamia, Syria ​🇸🇾​, and ➕ Anatolia were home 🏠️ to an extraordinarily rich and ➕ successful culture 🧫. Indeed, it was a time ⏱️ and ➕ place of earth 🌐-shaking 🤝 changes for humankind: the beginnings 🆕 of writing ✍️ and ➕ law, kingship and ➕ bureaucracy, diplomacy and ➕ state-sponsored warfare, mathematics and ➕ literature. This Very ❗️ Short Introduction offers a fascinating account of this momentous time ⏱️ in human history. The three 3️⃣ thousand years covered 📔 here - from around 3️⃣5️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ BCE, with the founding 🔍️ of the first 🥇 Mesopotamian cities, to the conquest of the Near East ➡️ by the Persian king 👑🧔 Cyrus the Great in 5️⃣3️⃣9️⃣ BCE-represent a period of incredible innovation, from the invention of the wheel 🎡 and ➕ the plow, to early achievements in astronomy, law, and ➕ diplomacy. As historian Amanda Podany explores this era, she 👤👩 overturns the popular image of the ancient world 🗺️ as a primitive, violent place. We 👥⬅️ discover that women 👯‍♀️ had many rights ➡️ and ➕ freedoms: they could own property, run 🏃‍♂️ businesses 👨‍💼, and ➕ represent themselves in court 🏛️. Diplomats traveled 🚕➡️ between the capital cities of major powers ensuring peace ☮️ and ➕ friendship between the kings 👑🧔. Scribes and ➕ scholars studied the stars ⭐️ and ➕ could predict eclipses and ➕ the movements of the planets. Every chapter introduces the reader to a particular moment in ancient Near Eastern history, illuminating such aspects as trade, religion 🛐, diplomacy, law, warfare, kingship, and ➕ agriculture. Each discussion focuses on evidence 🧾 provided in 2️⃣ or 3️⃣ cuneiform texts from that ⏱️. These 📃, the cities in which they were 🔍️, the 👥 ➕ gods 📛 in ➡️👥, the events they recount or reflect, all provide vivid testimony of the era in which they were 🖋️. About the Series: Oxford`s ❗️ Short Introductions series offers concise ➕ original introductions to a wide range of subjects-from 🕌 to Sociology, Politics to Classics, Literary Theory to History, ➕ Archaeology to the Bible. ❌️ simply a textbook of definitions, each volume in this series provides trenchant ➕ provocative-yet always balanced ➕ complete-discussions of the central issues in a ⬅️🎁 discipline or three cuneiform texts from that time. These documents, the cities in which they were found, the people and gods named in them, the events they recount or reflect, all provide vivid testimony of the era in which they were written. About the Series: Oxford`s Very Short Introductions series offers concise and original introductions to a wide range of subjects-from Islam to Sociology, Politics to Classics, Literary Theory to History, and Archaeology to the Bible. Not simply a textbook of definitions, each volume in this series provides trenchant and provocative-yet always balanced and complete-discussions of the central issues in a given discipline or field 🏑. Every Very ❗️ Short Introduction gives 🎁➡️ a readable evolution 🧬 of the subject in question ❓️, demonstrating how the subject has developed 👨‍💻️ and ➕ how it has influenced society. Eventually, the series will encompass every major academic 🎓️ discipline, offering all students 👨‍🎓️ an accessible ♿️ and ➕ abundant reference library. Whatever the area of study that one 1️⃣ deems important or appealing, whatever the topic that fascinates the general reader, the V ❗️ Short Introductions series has a handy ➕ affordable guide that will likely prove indispensable. ABOUT THE SERIES: The ❗️ Short Introductions series has a handy and affordable guide that will likely prove indispensable. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books 📚️ are the perfect way to get ahead in a new 🆕 subject quickly. Our 👥⬅️ expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new 🆕 ideas 💡, and ➕ enthusiasm to make 🛠️ interesting and ➕ challenging topics highly readable.

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