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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different types of plants produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often used in blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of global production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta. They also come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary widely depending on the growing conditions and the processing methods employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" comes from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized by eating the berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are able to thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees that can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is frequently preferred to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean grown in the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a bag of coffee and you can be sure that there's a bit of robusta too.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, the majority use blend the two varieties in order to cut costs and ensure quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor it is recommended to select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other varieties of coffee beans. They have an aroma that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to create an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes, and they can tolerate humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. The seeds can be found on the internet from several sources, however it is recommended to purchase from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered to be a separate species but was re-classified as a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both tart and fruity, which has made them a sought-after selection in blends for house. They are also lighter on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they possess a unique richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, although they're fourth popular. They were actually thought to be distinct species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans have the shape of teardrops and are dark and mysterious in taste. www.coffeee.uk used in blends to add body and a rich tart, ripe fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive in warm, tropical climates and high altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are rounder and smaller, but they have twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

After learning about the four most popular types, it's now time to pick your favorite drink. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.