Tests, WNL
Learn Med TermTest:
Specimen:
Conventional Units:
Acetoacetate
Plasma
< 3 mg/L
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), red blood cells
Blood
26.7–49.2 U/g Hb
Acid phosphatase (adults)
Serum
0.5–5 U/L
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Plasma
30–40 seconds
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Serum
9–52 pg/mL (morning draw)
Albumin
Serum
3.5–5.4 g/dL
Aldosterone:
Standing
Serum
7–20 ng/dL
Supine
Serum
2–5 ng/dL
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Serum
36–150 U/L
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)
Serum
100–273 mg/dL
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
Serum
< 20 ng/mL
Aminolevulinic acid, Delta (ALA)
Serum
15–23 mcg/L
Aminotransferase, alanine (ALT)
Serum
< 35 U/L
Aminotransferase, aspartate (AST)
Serum
< 35 U/L
Ammonia
Plasma
40–80 mcg/dL
Amylase
Serum
< 110 U/L
Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (AENA)
Serum
< 20.0 units/mL
Anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies
Serum
≤ 20 units/mL
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; arginine vasopressin)
Plasma
< 1.7 pg/mL
Anti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, IgG
Serum
< 25 IU
Antimitochondrial M2 antibodies
Serum
< 0.1 units
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA)
Serum
Negative
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
Serum
≤ 1.0 units
Anti–smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) titer
Serum
≤ 1:80
Antistreptolysin O titer
Serum
< 150 units
Antithyroid microsomal antibody titer
Serum
< 1:100
+Antitrypsin, Alpha-1 (AAT)
Serum
83–199 mg/dL
Apolipoproteins:
A-I, females
Serum
98–210 mg/dL
A-I, males
Serum
88–180 mg/dL
B-100, females
Serum
44–148 mg/dL
B-100, males
Serum
55–151 mg/dL
Bicarbonate
Serum
23–28 mEq/L
Bilirubin:
Direct
Serum
0–0.3 mg/dL
Total
Serum
0.3–1.2 mg/dL
Blood volumes (radioisotope labeling):
Plasma, females*
Blood
28–43 mL/kg body wt
Plasma, males*
Blood
25–44 mL/kg body wt
Red blood cells, females*
Blood
20–30 mL/kg body wt
Red blood cells, males*
Blood
25–35 mL/kg body wt
Brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Plasma
< 100 pg/mL
Calcitonin, age ≥ 16 years:
Females
Serum
< 8 pg/mL
Males
Serum
< 16 pg/mL
Calcium
Serum
9–10.5 mg/dL
Cancer antigen (CA):
CA 125
Serum
< 35 U/mL
CA 15-3
Serum
< 30 U/mL
Carbon dioxide (CO2) content
Serum
23–28 mEq/L
Carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2)
Blood
Arterial: 35–45 mm Hg
Venous: 38–50 mm Hg
Carboxyhemoglobin
Plasma
0.5–5%
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Serum
< 3 ng/mL
Carotene
Serum
75–300 mcg/dL
CD4:CD8 ratio
Blood
1.0–4.0
CD4+ T-cell count
Blood
640–1175/mcL
CD8+ T-cell count
Blood
335–875/mcL
Ceruloplasmin
Serum
14–40 mg/dL
Chloride
Serum
98–106 mEq/L
Cholesterol, desirable level:
High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C)
Plasma
≥ 40 mg/dL
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)
Plasma
≤ 130 mg/dL
Total (TC)
Plasma
150–199 mg/dL
Coagulation factors:
Factor I
Plasma
150–300 mg/dL
Factor II
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Factor IX
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Factor V
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Factor VII
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Factor VIII
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Factor X
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Factor XI
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Factor XII
Plasma
60–150% of normal
Complement:
C3
Serum
90–180 mg/dL
C4
Serum
10–40 mg/dL
Total (CH50)
Serum
30–75 U/mL
Copper
Serum
70–155 mcg/dL
Cortisol:
1 hour after cosyntropin
Serum
> 18 mcg/dL and usually ≥ 8 mcg/dL above baseline
At 5 PM
Serum
3–13 mcg/dL
At 8 AM
Serum
8–20 mcg/dL
After overnight suppression test
Serum
< 5 mcg/dL
C-peptide
Serum
0.9–4.3 ng/mL
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Serum
0 - ULN
Male: ULN CRP (mg/L) = age/50
Female: ULN CRP (mg/L) = (age/50) + 0.6
C-reactive protein, highly sensitive (hsCRP)
Serum
< 0.2 mg/dL
Creatine kinase (CK)
Serum
30–170 U/L
Creatinine
Serum
Men: 0.7–1.2 mg/dL
Women: 0.5–1.0 mg/dL
D-dimer
Plasma
≤ 500 ng/mL FEU (Fibrinogen Equivalent Units)
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S):
Females
Plasma
0.6–3.3 mg/mL
Males
Plasma
1.3–5.5 mg/mL
Delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)
Serum
15–23 mcg/L
11-Deoxycortisol (DOC):
After metyrapone
Plasma
> 7 mcg/dL
Basal
Plasma
< 5 mcg/dL
D-Xylose level 2 hours after ingestion of 25 g of D-xylose
Serum
> 20 mg/dL
Epinephrine, supine
Plasma
< 75 ng/L
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR):
Females
Blood
0–20 mm/hour
Males
Blood
0–15 mm/hour
Erythropoietin
Serum
2.6–18.5 mIU/mL
Estradiol, females:
Day 1–10 of menstrual cycle
Serum
14–27 pg/mL
Day 11–20 of menstrual cycle
Serum
14–54 pg/mL
Day 21–30 of menstrual cycle
Serum
19–40 pg/mL
Estradiol, males
Serum
10–30 pg/mL
Ferritin:
Females
Serum
30–200 ng/mL
Males
Serum
30–300 ng/mL
Fetoprotein, Alpha (AFP)
Serum
< 8.4 ng/mL
Fibrinogen
Plasma
150–350 mg/dL
Folate (folic acid):
Red blood cells
Blood
160–855 ng/mL
Serum
Serum
2.5–20 ng/mL
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), females:
Follicular or luteal phase
Serum
5–20 mU/mL
Midcycle peak
Serum
30–50 mU/mL
Postmenopausal
Serum
> 35 mU/mL
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), adult males
Serum
5–15 mU/mL
Fructosamine (glycated protein)
Plasma
200–285 mcmol/L
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
Serum
Adult male: 8–61 U/L
Adult female: 5–36 U/L
Gastrin
Serum
0–180 pg/mL
Globulins:
Serum
2.5–3.5 g/dL
Alpha-1 globulins
Serum
0.2–0.4 g/dL
Alpha-2 globulins
Serum
0.5–0.9 g/dL
Beta globulins
Serum
0.6–1.1 g/dL
Beta-2 microglobulin
Serum
0.7–1.8 mcg/mL
Gamma globulins
Serum
0.7–1.7 g/dL
Glucose:
2-hour postprandial
Plasma
< 140 mg/dL
Fasting Glucose:
Plasma
Normal: 70–100 mg/dL
prediabetes: 100-125 mg/dL
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Blood
5–15 U/g Hb
Glutamyl transpeptidase, Gamma (GGT)
Serum
Adult male: 8–61 U/L
Adult female: 5–36 U/L
Growth hormone:
After oral glucose
Plasma
< 2 ng/mL
In response to provocative stimuli
Plasma
> 7 ng/mL
Haptoglobin
Serum
30–200 mg/dL
Hematocrit:
Females
Blood
36–47%
Males
Blood
41–51%
Hemoglobin:
Females
Blood
12–16 g/dL
Males
Blood
14–17 g/dL
Hemoglobin A1C
Blood
Normal: 4% - 5.6%.
prediabetes: 5.7% - 6.4%
diabetes: 6.5% or higher
Hemoglobin electrophoresis, adults:
Hb A1
Blood
95–98%
Hb A2
Blood
2–3%
Hb C
Blood
0%
Hb F
Blood
0.8–2.0%
Hb S
Blood
0%
Hemoglobin electrophoresis, Hb F in children:
Neonate
Blood
50–80%
1–6 months
Blood
8%
> 6 months
Blood
1–2%
Homocysteine:
Females
Plasma
0.40–1.89 mg/L
Males
Plasma
0.54–2.16 mg/L
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), quantitative
Serum
< 5 mIU/mL
Immunoglobulins:
IgA
Serum
70–300 mg/dL
IgD
Serum
< 8 mg/dL
IgE
Serum
0.01–0.04 mg/dL
IgG
Serum
640–1430 mg/dL
IgG1
Serum
280–1020 mg/dL
IgG2
Serum
60–790 mg/dL
IgG3
Serum
14–240 mg/dL
IgG4
Serum
11–330 mg/dL
IgM
Serum
20–140 mg/dL
Insulin, fasting
Serum
2.6–24.9 mcIU/mL
International normalized ratio (INR):
Therapeutic range (standard intensity therapy)
Plasma
2.0–3.0
Therapeutic range in higher risk patients (eg, those with prosthetic heart valves)
Plasma
2.5–3.5
Therapeutic range in patients with lupus anticoagulant
Plasma
3.0–3.5
Iron
Serum
Males: 50–150 mcg/dL
Females: 35–145 mcg/dL
Iron-binding capacity, total (TIBC)
Serum
250–460 mcg/dL
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Serum
60–160 U/L
Lactic acid, venous
Blood
6–16 mg/dL
Lactose tolerance test
Plasma
> 15 mg/dL increase in plasma glucose level
Lead
Blood
Pediatric patients: < 20 mcg/dL
Adult patients: < 80 mcg/dL
Lipase
Serum
< 95 U/L
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]
Serum
≤ 10 mg/dL
Luteinizing hormone (LH), females:
Follicular or luteal phase
Serum
5–22 mU/mL
Midcycle peak
Serum
30–250 mU/mL
Postmenopausal
Serum
> 30 mU/mL
Luteinizing hormone, males
Serum
3–15 mU/mL
Magnesium
Serum
1.5–2.4 mg/dL
Manganese
Serum
0.3–0.9 ng/mL
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
Blood
28–32 pg
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Blood
32–36 g/dL
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Blood
80–100 fL
Methylmalonic acid (MMA)
Serum
≤ 400 nmol/L
Myoglobin:
Females
Serum
25–58 mcg/L
Males
Serum
28–72 mcg/L
Norepinephrine, supine
Plasma
50-440 pg/ml
5'-Nucleotidase (5'NT)
Serum
4–11.5 U/L
Osmolality
Plasma
275–295 mOsm/kg H2O
Osmotic fragility test
Blood
Increased fragility if hemolysis occurs in > 0.5% sodium chloride
Decreased fragility if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3% sodium chloride
Oxygen partial pressure (PO2)
Blood
Arterial: 80–100 mm Hg
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Serum
10–65 pg/mL
Parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP)
Plasma
< 2.0 pmol/L
Partial thromboplastin time, activated (aPTT)
Plasma
25–35 seconds
pH
Blood
Arterial: 7.35–7.45
Venous: 7.32–7.43
Phosphorus, inorganic
Serum
3.0–4.5 mg/dL
(3, 4, 5 ---> po4(3-) -----> (p = panj) & (o4 = 4) & (3- = 3)
Platelet count
Blood
150–450 x 103/mcL
Platelet life span using chromium-51 (51Cr)
—
8–12 days
Porphyrins
Plasma
≤ 1.0 mcg/dL
Potassium
Serum
3.5–5 mEq/L
Prealbumin (transthyretin)
Serum
18–45 mg/dL
Progesterone:
Follicular phase
Serum
< 1 ng/mL
Luteal phase
Serum
3–30 ng/mL
Prolactin:
Females (nonpregnant)
Serum
< 20 mcg/L
Males
Serum
< 15 mcg/L
Prostate-specific antigen, total (PSA-T)
Serum
0–4 ng/mL
Prostate-specific antigen, ratio of free to total (PSA-F:PSA-T)
Serum
> 0.25
Protein C activity
Plasma
67–131%
Protein C resistance, activated ratio (APC-R)
Plasma
2.2–2.6
Protein S activity
Plasma
82–144%
Protein, total
Serum
6–7.8 g/dL
Prothrombin time (PT)
Plasma
11–13 seconds
Pyruvic acid
Blood
0.08–0.16 mmol/L
Red blood cell count
Blood
4.2–5.9 x 106 cells/mcL
Red blood cell survival rate, using 51Cr
Blood
T1/2 = 28 days
Renin activity, plasma (PRA), upright, in males and females aged 18–39 years:
Sodium-depleted
Plasma
2.9–24 ng/mL/hour
Sodium-repleted
Plasma
0.6 (or lower)–4.3 ng/mL/hour
Reticulocyte count: Percentage
Blood
0.5–1.5%
Absolute
Blood
23–90 x 103/mcL
Rheumatoid factor (RF), by nephelometry
Serum
< 20 IU/mL
Sodium
Serum
136–145 mEq/L
Specific Gravity
Urine
1.005---1.030
TIBC (adults):
plasma
240 -- 450 mcg/dL
Testosterone (total), adults:
Females
Serum
20–75 ng/dL
Males
Serum
300–1200 ng/dL
Thrombin time
Plasma
18.5–24 seconds
Thyroid iodine-123 (123I) uptake
—
5–30% of administered dose at 24 hour
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Serum
0.5–5.0 mcIU/mL
Thyroxine (T4): Free
Serum
0.9–2.4 ng/dL
Free index
—
4–11
Total
Serum
5–12 mcg/dL
Transferrin
Serum
200–360 mg/dL
Transferrin saturation
Serum
20–50%
Triglycerides (fasting)
Serum
Normal: < 150 mg/dL
Borderline: 150–199 mg/dL
High: 200–499 mg/dL
Very high: ≥ 500 mg/dL
Normal: < 1.69 mmol/L
Borderline: 1.69–2.25 mmol/L
High: 2.26–5.64 mmol/L
Very high: > 5.65 mmol/L
Triiodothyronine (T3):
Uptake
Serum
25–35%
Total
Serum
70–195 ng/dL
Troponin I (Contemporary assay)
Plasma
< 0.04 ng/mL
Troponin I, highly sensitive (hs-TnI)
Serum
Females: ≤ 10 ng/L
Males: ≤ 15 ng/L
<1.0>
Troponin T (Contemporary assay)
Serum
≤ 0.03 ng/mL
Troponin T, highly sensitive (hs-TnT)
Serum
Females: ≤ 10 ng/L
Males: ≤ 15 ng/L
<1.0>
Urea nitrogen (BUN)
Serum
8–20 mg/dL
Uric acid
Serum
2.5–8 mg/dL
Vitamin B12
Serum
200–800 pg/mL
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):
Leukocyte
Blood
< 20 mg/dL
Total
Blood
0.4–1.5 mg/dL
Vitamin D:
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)
Serum
25–65 pg/mL
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol
Serum
15–80 ng/mL
White blood cell count
Blood
4.5–11 x 103 cells/mcL
Segmented neutrophils
2.6–8.5 x 103 cells/mcL
Band neutrophils
0–1.2 x 103 cells/mcL
Lymphocytes
0.77–4.5 x 103 cells/mcL
Monocytes
0.14–1.3 x 103 cells/mcL
Eosinophils
0–0.55 x 103 cells/mcL
Basophils
0–0.22 x 103 cells/mcL
Zinc
Serum
66–110 mcg/dL
SaO2
arterial blood
93-98%
P(A-a) O2
5-25 mmHg