Tehran where can I buy cocaine

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Tehran where can I buy cocaine

Business is good,' Bijan winks as he flashes his big, gap-toothed smile. Bijan is a cook and dealer of sheesheh — crystal meth — which has exploded on the Iranian drug market and, for the first time, overtaken heroin to become the country's second most popular drug opium still tops the list. Meth production in the country has been expanding at an astonishing rate. According to a study by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Iranian government first reported manufacture of the drug just six years ago , when four production facilities were seized. By , though, Iran was the world's fourth highest importer of pseudoephedrine , the main precursor chemical used in the production of crystal meth. Research carried out by the State Welfare Organisation shows that over half a million Tehranis between the ages of 15 and 45 have used it at least once. The country's drug problem is not new; Iran has one of the highest rates of addiction in the world and the interior minister, Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli, announced recently that some six million Iranians are affected by problems related to drug addiction. In Tehran, drugs are everywhere. At one popular spot north of the city, queues of cars pull up to be served under a motorway flyover. Dealers trade on a layby with lookouts and security dotted around them. The peak time is 2am and all are catered for. Cocaine has become a regular feature at parties among Tehran's richer residents; young people throughout the city smoke marijuana and pop ecstasy pills; opium — viewed as an older person's drug — is still widely considered to be culturally acceptable. In seedy corners of south Tehran, addicts gather to inject heroin, as they always have done. But when crystal meth hit the streets it managed to transcend social divides, and could be found everywhere in the city. In a graffiti-daubed side street in the centre of Tehran, a teenager with an emo haircut and a leather jacket pulled over a grey hoodie stands in a doorway, his pockets stuffed with small plastic bags of crystal meth. He has been caught countless times by the police but has always paid his way out of prison. Most of my customers are regular kids like me, students, or they've got office jobs. But rich kids use it too — I either deliver it to their houses, or they turn up in their flash cars,' he says. One of Peyvand's friends, who is also a regular customer, smokes sheesheh once every couple of days. It's much stronger than heroin, much more intense. And it's safer; there's no risk of overdosing. Sheesheh is just a great high. Peyvand says he sells crystal meth at his local gym to bodybuilders and athletes who use it to give them energy while they train, and to a growing number of young women who buy it to lose weight. A few miles north of where Peyvand deals, a queue of women sit on white plastic chairs in a beauty salon set up in a marble-clad apartment block. Drawn by the salon's reputation as a purveyor of the finest Hollywood bikini waxes, they flick through hairstyle magazines and a few outdated copies of Hello! There are housewives, students, a women with her black chador hanging open around her shoulders and a group in their mids with Botox-smooth foreheads clutching Louis Vuitton handbags. The place fizzes with gossip. A fortune-teller works her way up the line, dispensing advice with the flick of a card and extracting generous tips. Also a hit with some of these women are the under-the-counter methamphetamine pills. A couple of years ago, meth was widely available at beauty salons, until a member of parliament called for a clampdown. Even though many places stopped stocking it, demand is still high. It's not like smoking bags of it, which is bad for you. For me, it's like medicine, it's not for enjoyment. Bijan, who is from a family of gangsters, ditched selling more conventional drugs like heroin and opium in favour of crystal meth three years ago. And unlike heroin, you don't have to deal with Afghanistan and all the middle-men along the way, so there's less chance of being caught and fewer people to deal with,' he says. He runs his operation out of a ragged, industrial town just outside the capital. It is a poor, forgotten place surrounded by factories. Here grocery stores still sell blocks of pungent black opium alongside staples such as milk and slabs of white ewe's cheese. Most of the residents are either unemployed or work as day labourers and in recent years it has become home to many paperless Afghan migrants. Even though this is not Bijan's patch — he only sells to dealers in Tehran — the changing face of drug use in the town is emblematic of what is happening in the rest of the country. Ironically, the rapid growth in sheesheh is partly due to the falsely held belief that it is less addictive than heroin. While the country's economy is flailing in the wake of stricter sanctions and the damage wreaked by the populist policies of the former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad that sent the Rial tumbling and the inflation rate soaring, the illegal drugs trade is booming. Iran has long been one of the busiest transit countries for drugs traffickers moving heroin from Afghanistan to the West and it has the highest rate of opium and heroin seizures in the world. Punishments for people caught are severe. There have been extensive public awareness campaigns, with adverts on the television and radio warning of the dangers of crystal meth. These appear to have had some impact, as unlike opium, sheesheh use is becoming increasingly taboo, especially in the more affluent parts of the city. The government, predictably, says it is stemming the surge in crystal meth production, with Fazli announcing the seizure of 3,kg of crystal meth last year and that meth labs had been discovered — more than double the number in They are definitely putting more resources into fighting it. But for every meth lab they destroy, another lot spring up,' says Bjijan. To keep one step ahead of the authorities, Bijan says he bribes police officers. In return for a small cut of his profits and 'hush' money, the policemen tip him off about raids and investigations that may involve him, and they promise to destroy any files on him, should they materialise. As long as you know a few powerful heavyweights, you'll be fine. It's one rule for the rich and one rule for everyone else. I'm lucky in that I've got money and I know people. That way, you stay out of the noose,' he says, dragging on a cigarette as he makes a hanging gesture with his free hand. In south Tehran there seems to be little indication that the crystal meth craze is abating. Outside a charity for sex workers, two women are slumped on the pavement, their faces scratched and covered in sores and their eyes sunken; the tell-tale signs of crystal meth addiction. One of the women cries as she explains that she is now hooked on sheesheh as well as heroin. Outreach workers here say that the area's most vulnerable and severe addicts have little access to services and are unaware of public campaigns; they complain bitterly that sanctions have halted funding for their rehabilitation programmes. Bijan does not live far from the community of sex workers who are struggling to feed their habits. He has no moral conscience about what he does and blames the selling and buying of drugs on being forced to live in a repressive country. But he prides himself on making pure, safe crystal meth and he is now considering expanding his operation to Malaysia and Thailand, where he says associates are making even more money — the average price of meth pills in Malaysia is at least five times that in Iran. And for those of us who sell it, well, there are no jobs, and if you're not from a rich family, you will never have opportunities in this country. At least making crystal meth has given me the chance to look after my family. Women at a crystal meth rehab centre on the western outskirts of Tehran. Photograph: Maryam Rahmanian. This article is more than 10 years old. Cheap, widely available and used by students and housewives alike, crystal meth is taking the Iranian capital by storm. The author of a new book about the country reports on an addiction that even the repressive regime is struggling to control. Reuse this content. Comments … Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Most viewed.

Breaking bad in Tehran: how Iran got a taste for crystal meth

Tehran where can I buy cocaine

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Iranian crack is a new form of narcotic substance that has found widespread prevalence in Iran in the past years. Crack only nominally resembles crack cocaine as it is widely different in its clinical signs. Thus the present study aims to quantify the chemical combination of this drug. The samples included 18 specimen of Crack collected from different zones of Tehran, Iran. All specimens were in the form of inodorous cream solid powdery substance. TLC and HPLC methods were used to perform semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of the components, respectively. The TLC analysis showed no cocaine compound in the specimens while they all revealed to contain heroin, codeine, morphine and caffeine. All but two specimens contained thebaine. None of the specimens contained amphetamine, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, aspirin, barbiturates, tramadol and buprenorphine. Acetaminophen was found in four specimens. HPLC revealed heroin to be the foundation substance in all specimens and most of them contained a significant amount of acetylcodeine. The present analysis of the chemical combination of Crack showed that this substance is a heroin-based narcotic which is basically different from the cocaine-based crack used in Western countries. Studies like the present one at different time points, especially when abnormal clinical signs are detected, can reveal the chemical combination of the target substance and contribute to the clinical management of its acute or chronic poisoning. Crack is the nickname for the freebase form of alkaloid cocaine which is known as a dangerous addictive drug. Through wreaking adverse effect on the central nervous system it results in symptoms such as insomnia, euphoria, alertness and increased energy. Unlike the clinical signs of common crack cocaine, using Iranian crack causes pupil constriction, stress reduction and overt sleepiness. Several hours after use, the patient undergoes symptoms such as obsession and other psychological signs and also physiological signs such as rhinorrhea, epiphoria , pupillary dilation and pain which can be restored by using methadone or buprenorphine. Unlike cocaine, which is a pleasant additive to use with other narcotic substances, the desire to use Crack decreases or is gone through treatment with other narcotics? This shows that the chemical combination of Crack is different from that of the common cocaine because its symptoms and side effects are similar to heroin instead of cocaine. So it seems that the similarity between these two substances is in pronunciation not chemical content. Although there is no official report on the prevalence of Crack abuse in Iran, it seems that due to its inodorousness, simple and rapid preparation, ease of use and highly addictiveness this drug must be very common in Iran 2. Narenjiha et al. Therefore, the widespread use of Crack in Iran has become a serious problem in drug abuse in the Iranian society 2. Since identifying the components of the Iranian crack can help the treatment of the clinical signs of patients, the present study was conducted to analyze the chemical components of this drug. Apart from a previous qualitative study 4 it is notable that this is the only quantitative study on the chemical components of the Iranian crack. The present study was conducted at Bahar Toxicology Laboratory in Tehran. The samples included 18 specimen of Crack collected from different zones of Tehran, Iran and from addicts who sought treatment in addiction treatment centers. To analyze the chemical combination of samples, 0. TLC was performed for the semi-quantitative analysis of the samples for the compounds such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, cannabis, methadone, buprenorphine, amphetamines, cocaine, tramadol, aspirin, diphenoxylate, benzodiazepines, trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, tricyclic antidepressant, caffeine and barbiturates. The methanol and chloroform standards and buffers were made by Merk Germany or Romil England. Since there was no standard sample available for acetylcodeine 6-monoacetyle morphine , its concentration was calculated indirectly by division of the heroin diamorphine under the curve area to the under the curve area of acetylcodeine and multiplying the result by the heroin concentration. Then a certain amount of stock removed, and the dilution was prepared in three concentrations between minimum and maximum sensitivity. Each solution was injected three times into the machine. The mean concentration was calculated and the standard curve was set. Certain amount of unknown samples were taken and dissolved in a suitable solvent and it was injected into the machine. The result was compared with the standard curve. Standard curves for stocks and samples were obtained through both the extraction and direct methods which was similar. The data were analyzed by Autochrome v. All specimens were solid and would crush into powder if pressed between two fingers. They had creamy color. However, the specimens differed slightly in shades of color. They were all odorless. One specimen, which was obtained from an addicted patient, was partially used and stuck to a safety pin. The used part was coal black and dry. In another specimen, opium could be observed with the naked eye. Table 1 shows the results of different substances in the Crack samples using TLC. Obviously, none of the specimens contained cocaine while they all contained heroin, codeine, morphine and caffeine. Figure 1 shows the chromatogram of sample No. As can be observed, all specimens were based on heroin and most showed the substantial combination of acetylcodeine. Figure 3 illustrates the proportion of heroin to acetylcodeine. The present study on the chemical combination of Iranian crack showed that this substance contains heroin, codeine, caffeine, morphine, thebaine, acetaminophen and a significant amount of acetylcodeine. None of the specimens showed stimulant substances such as cocaine, medicines and impurities such as sedatives e. The proportion of heroin to acetylcodeine was low approximately in half of the specimens, indicating the high concentration of acetylcodeine and higher toxicity in those specimens. In line with the experiential findings of addiction treatment practitioners in that the clinical sings and also the overdose signs of Crack appear to be similar to heroin 7 , our findings showed that the Iranian crack is heroin-based and hence different from those found in the West. Heroin and its related compounds were found in all our specimens. In the qualitative study by Kazemifar et al. The results of these studies show that heroin and heroin derivatives constitute the principal substance in the Iranian crack at this time, similar to other studies on heroin 8 - As another finding, these compounds have higher concentration level than typical heroin. In addition, the specimens in our study and Kazemifar et al. Compounds such as caffeine and acetaminophen were found in our study while Kazemipour et al. The impurities in the heroin preparation place are partially due to the alkaloid leftovers, such as morphine, codeine and thebaine and partly due to heroin byproducts such as monoacetyl morphine and acetylcodeine 11 - Other compounds such as acetaminophen and caffeine originate from added impurities. It is common all over the world to adulterate heroin before selling it to users 11 - Impurities can be classified into two groups: additives that increase the bulk, such as sugars e. In addition to adding bulk and a bitter taste, some of these substances, such as caffeine and acetaminophen, expedite heroin evaporation by heat and increase its effect by smoking In line with the findings of other studies on illegal drugs, we also found that our specimens were quite different from each other and they showed different proportions of the constituent compounds Similar findings have also been shown in studies on street heroin The amount of morphine, codeine and acetyl products and the amount of heroin and acetylcodeine and their ratio in the illegal specimens of heroin were used as basic criteria for comparing the specimens and their origin of preparation. It has been observed that theoretically the heroin-acetylcodeine ratio doubles through each stage of chemical conversion of opium to morphine to heroin. The heroin-acetylcodeine ratio in the opium specimens shows significant change from the origin of preparation which is indicative of alkaloid compounds in each area. These profiles allow the comparison of heroin specimens in different areas with illegal heroin specimens of unknown origin and also allow us to determine the geographical place where heroin was made 11 , Although the chemical combination of Crack is very similar to that of the street heroin, it seems that this drug is not exactly concentrated heroin in terms of physical characteristics, usage route or chemical features. Unlike heroin, Crack is solid and inodorous. In addition, we assert that Iranian crack can be used by needle without the need for foil and its injection does not need heating and most users were ex-opium addicts, not heroin users 2. Another difference between Crack and street heroin is the proportion of acetylcodeine. Acetylcodeine 6-monoacetyle codeine is an impurity which is formed in the street heroin due to poor baking and is a marker of street heroin However, pharmaceutically produced heroin contains less than 0. In our study, most specimens of Crack showed a substantial amount of acetylcodeine. As Figure 2 shows, specimens can be classified into two groups by heroin-acetylcodeine ratio: ten specimens having a proportion of heroin times even four times for specimen 17 and eight other specimens with less heroin concentration. Although acetylcodeine in human body is metabolized into codeine and then into morphine, so it is less likely to be abused as a substance. Nevertheless, its overdose releases a great level of histamine in the blood and may lead to anaphylactic shock , convulsion and even death Thus a higher concentration of acetylcodeine in the Crack compared to street heroin is indicative of higher toxicity. It seems that the use of Crack is on the rise in Iran 2 as unlike heroin, opium and cannabis, it is odorless, easy to consume and needless to use many tools. In addition, the drug consumer can use the Crack in the bathroom or washroom in less than a minute or two without leaving any trace of odor in the space. However, the short-lived effect and instant tolerance causes faster withdrawal than heroin and follows higher dose and consequently shifting from sniffing to injection method 4 , 7. Therefore, Iranian crack is more addictive and causes socio-economic fall for the individual. In addition, it has more devastating mental and physical harms than other forms of substances. Therefore, one may argue that although the Iranian crack is based on heroin and not on cocaine, its highly addictiveness nature and mental and psychological effects may ensue illegal financial activities or violent behaviors, as in crack cocaine 7 , 24 and Because of added impurities to illegal drugs, the users are not well aware of their real power or components. Therefore, they are more subject to overdose or death, in particular when a new type of substance is released. Thus, identification of the chemical components of substances in any area, in particular for those new ones, can provide us both with valuable information about their origin and also for the treatment of their clinical signs. The present study is one of the few ones undertaking such an aim. However, this study is limited in several ways. First of all, the sample size was small 18 specimens which is nevertheless justifiable considering the fact that it is an illegal drug and costly for studying samples. Secondly, all specimens were obtained from Tehran, which prevents the results to be generalized to the whole country. However, Kazemifar et al. The present study on the chemical combination of Iranian crack shows that it is a heroin-based substance and hence basically different from crack cocaine found in Western countries. However, the diversity of the components and their different amounts show that the production and distribution of this substance is diverse and may keep on changing into the future. Therefore, such studies at different time points, especially in relation to abnormal clinical signs, can provide relevant information about the clinical management of acute or chronic toxicity caused by these substances. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Iran J Pharm Res. Find articles by Ali Farhoudian. Find articles by Mandana Sadeghi. Find articles by Hamid Reza Khoddami Vishteh. Find articles by Babak Moazen. Find articles by Monir Fekri. Find articles by Afarin Rahimi Movaghar. Received Apr; Accepted Nov. Sample No. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Tehran where can I buy cocaine