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The most used substances include legal and recreational drugs, such as alcohol. This study aimed to identify the use of drugs and socio-demographic factors in a sample of medical students. Results: Average age of 20 years old, unemployed and religious women, single, with no children. Alcohol was the most consumed drug in the last six months for recreational purposes. The following stimulants were frequently consumed: caffeine, mate herb tea, energetic drinks and Coke. Drugs like marijuana, cocaine, valium and sedatives were used in smaller proportions. The reasons reported by women were: to alleviate tiredness and improve their academic performance. The men's reasons were recreation and to alleviate psychological tension. This research has implications for the development of drugs prevention programs in universities. Publication types Research Support, Non-U.

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Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Honduras is a human-trafficking hub. Victims of sexual and labour exploitation are transported to the United States as well as to other destinations including Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico. Many trafficking victims are forced to work as street vendors, domestic servants and drug traffickers. They are also exploited for sex work. Honduras is also a source and transit country for human smuggling. Migrants from the region and, increasingly, from Africa and Asia hire individuals or groups to transport them through countries including Guatemala, El Salvador and Mexico on their way to the United States. Honduras is home to a relatively developed arms-trafficking market, which, although not controlled by any one particular group, has benefited from loose gun laws, the lack of a centralized registry, a poorly regulated private-security industry, and demand from drug traffickers, gangs, private-security firms and criminals who trade in homemade weapons. Weapons are often bought legally in the United States before being trafficked into the country. Criminal groups use a number of techniques to traffic weapons into Honduras. These include smuggling parts in transport vehicles, hiding them in containers of legal goods being imported into the country, and bribing officials to facilitate passage. Illegal logging is carried out by various actors including local loggers, landless farmers, drug traffickers and cattle ranchers aided by corrupt officials. It is one of the most common flora crimes in Honduras and is believed to account for more than half the timber industry in the country. Wood, mainly mahogany and cedar, is sold to China and the United States with the help of corrupt politicians and police officers. It is often trafficked alongside illegal drugs. Similarly, with regard to flora crimes, birds, reptiles including iguanas, turtles and vipers and jaguars are among the most-trafficked species for consumption, ownership as exotic pets, and animal parts. A minimal market for non-renewable-resource crimes exists in Honduras, mainly in the form of small-scale illicit gold mining, which is managed by local individuals with little apparent involvement from large crime organizations. The theft of oil, which is then smuggled into the country, particularly from Mexico, reportedly takes place at the hands of powerful local gangs. Large organizations work as the middlemen between Colombian cocaine producers and Mexican traffickers. Local organizations are reported to be behind the new plantations and laboratories that have sprung up in a bid to control more elements of the supply chain than just transport. Cannabis is believed to be one of the most sold drugs locally. Due to criminal groups looking to increase their profits, both consumption and cultivation have increased in recent years, as has the sale of krispy, a chemically laced cannabis derivative. Although the use of synthetic drugs is very low, precursor chemicals have reportedly been seized. These chemicals are believed to be mainly for the production of methamphetamine and other synthetic drugs, which are then supplied to criminal organizations in Mexico. Both these organizations have hierarchical structures, exert considerable control over the areas in which they operate, use extreme violence and draw much of their power from the prison system. MS has developed a more business-oriented and discrete profile, with a relatively large membership and deep collective identity, while Barrio 18 still takes a more traditional approach. These mafia-style groups work alongside other criminal networks to dominate the cocaine-trafficking and distribution markets. They are also involved in other criminal activities such as car theft and the extortion of large businesses. The more traditional drug-trafficking organizations engage in activities such as timber trafficking, mainly for money-laundering proposes. Honduras is home to many family-based transportista groups, who transport illegal goods, provide security for illicit cargo and carry out other logistics-related tasks. It also has a number of loose criminal networks that are involved in a widerange of criminal markets, including drugs, arms and human trafficking; human smuggling; and flora-and-fauna and non-renewable-resource crimes. Honduras's organized-crime groups are believed to operate in collusion with the authorities at all levels — including law enforcement, ministers, majors, members of congress and even presidents. Foreign criminal organizations, mainly from Colombia and Mexico but also from El Salvador, are active in Honduras. They tend to focus on drug processing and trafficking, among other criminal activities. Corruption has severely damaged governance in Honduras, with high-level government officials accused of colluding with criminal organizations despite public promises to tackle gangs. While some measures have been taken, including a purge of the police and the extradition of some criminal suspects to the United States, entrenched corruption has undermined these efforts and led to high levels of public distrust in politicians and institutions, including the executive, congress, judiciary and security forces. Honduras has signed a number of international treaties on organized crime. It also has a range of national laws to fight the problem, as well as to punish corruption and ensure transparency. However, it has faced serious challenges regarding their effective implementation, including suggestions that they protect the interests of powerful elites. The country has benefited from international cooperation initiatives with the United States, most notably in relation to intelligence and anti-gang measures, community-policing strategies and extradition arrangements. The Organization of American States is credited with the establishment of the Mission to Support the Fight against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras —which, among other things, helped pass a campaign-finance law, created a special prosecution unit, and drew attention to several high-profile corruption cases. The body, however, was constantly undermined by political and economic elites, which led to its end in early , after the authorities failed to renew its mandate. It is politicized and subject to intimidation and attacks. Honduras has been assessed as having a high risk of money laundering and terrorist financing. Its capacity to fight these crimes is hindered by a lack of investigative capabilities, training, cooperation, transparency and information sharing. Another challenge is the country's economic regulatory system, which is believed to disproportionately benefit private companies, many of which are involved in corruption or owned by criminal organizations that control sectors of the economy. This makes doing business in Honduras particularly difficult. Support for the victims and witnesses of crime is limited to non-existent, with a noticeable lack of resources or institutions. Although the authorities run programmes to fight drug trafficking and consumption, they tend to take a punitive rather than a preventative approach. A report stated that the police narcotics bureau's prevention unit had only two staff members with no relevant training, while other government-led prevention programmes, including those funded by the United States and aimed at tackling gang activity, suffered severe cuts or were fully terminated. Most prevention programmes are run by civil-society and foreign-aid organizations, with some faith-based organizations and NGOs allowed to operate in gang-controlled territories, where they act as mediators between criminal organizations and security institutions. Honduras is one of the most dangerous countries in the world for activists — in particular, those who work to protect the environment. They are often the targets of smear campaigns, attacks and even killings. The country is also unsafe for journalists and media workers, who are often threatened or attacked for reporting on issues related to government corruption and crime, with many self-censoring out of fear. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Tegucigalpa. Income group Lower middle income. Population 9,, Geography type Coastal. Criminal markets 5. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 6. Human smuggling 6. Arms trafficking 6. Flora crimes 7. Fauna crimes 6. Non-renewable resource crimes 5. Heroin trade 2. Cocaine trade 7. Cannabis trade 7. Synthetic drug trade 3. Criminal actors 8. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 8. Criminal networks 8. State-embedded actors 8. Foreign actors 8. Political leadership and governance 2. Government transparency and accountability 3. International cooperation 5. National policies and laws 4. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 3. Law enforcement 4. Territorial integrity 4. Anti-money laundering 4. Economic regulatory capacity 3. Victim and witness support 3. Prevention 4. Non-state actors 4. Analysis Download full profile english spanish. People Honduras is a human-trafficking hub. Trade Honduras is home to a relatively developed arms-trafficking market, which, although not controlled by any one particular group, has benefited from loose gun laws, the lack of a centralized registry, a poorly regulated private-security industry, and demand from drug traffickers, gangs, private-security firms and criminals who trade in homemade weapons. Environment Illegal logging is carried out by various actors including local loggers, landless farmers, drug traffickers and cattle ranchers aided by corrupt officials. Leadership and governance Corruption has severely damaged governance in Honduras, with high-level government officials accused of colluding with criminal organizations despite public promises to tackle gangs. Economic and financial environment Honduras has been assessed as having a high risk of money laundering and terrorist financing. Civil society and social protection Support for the victims and witnesses of crime is limited to non-existent, with a noticeable lack of resources or institutions. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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