Teens Girl Sleep

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Healthy sleep is critical during adolescence, but a nationwide survey finds many parents have sleep-deprived teens at home. Here’s how to help.
Staying up late to scroll through social media and catch up with friends on phones may be second nature for many teens.
But the habit comes at a cost: Forty-three percent of parents say their teens struggle to fall asleep — or wake up and can’t get back to sleep — according to the latest University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health.
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More than half of parents of teens with sleep troubles think electronics are to blame.
Once they hit puberty, adolescents need eight to 10 hours of sleep per night, but just over a third of American teens say they are getting at least eight hours on a typical school night.
And research shows that inadequate or disrupted sleep can have long-lasting health effects.
“Teen sleep deprivation is a growing public health issue because most young adults simply aren’t getting enough sleep,” says Ellen Selkie, M.D., an adolescent medicine physician at Mott. “We sometimes focus on sleep quality for young children but forget that adolescents’ brains and bodies are still developing, too.”
Poor sleep negatively affects teens’ ability to concentrate and perform well at school, Selkie notes. Research also links inadequate sleep to health problems ranging from obesity to anxiety and depression. Mood problems also can impair relationships.
For teen drivers, lack of quality sleep can be particularly dangerous, increasing their risk of car accidents.
Selkie, in her own words, offered simple ways to improve a teen’s sleep hygiene.
1. Ban electronics from the bedroom
Not being able to stay off electronics — including social media and cellphones — was the top reason polled parents cited for their teens’ sleep troubles. Some research indicates that the light exposure from screens also disrupts traditional cues sent to the brain to wind down. That’s why I recommend physically removing the device.
Make it a family rule to charge all devices in a parent’s bedroom or another isolated space to reduce temptation at bedtime. Many teens I’ve seen in my own practice actually describe a sense of relief when their parents limit phone use because it takes away some of that pressure to keep up with social news and what their peers are up to.
3. Maintain a regular sleep schedule
Keeping a sleep schedule within an hour of what’s usual helps keep the circadian rhythm in check. Sleeping in hours later than normal on the weekends and during school breaks makes it even more difficult to switch back — and can lead to more tiredness and grogginess. “Catch-up” sleep is also unlikely to make up for the full amount of sleep debt accrued over a week, and we don’t believe it’s as restorative to the body.
Even though they may provide more sleep short term, naps make it harder to fall asleep at night. They also break up sleep, which means lower quality of sleep and fewer benefits. If this is a habit, do everything you can to quit naps for a week to make it easier to not nap going forward.
5. Don’t procrastinate on big tasks
I encourage doing homework and anything else necessary as soon as teens get home from school, if possible. It’s typical to want to watch TV or play on your phone for a few hours first, but it’s better to keep the momentum going from the school day. We realize this isn’t always feasible, but anything to prevent teens from completing important deadlines at the end of the day will make it easier to wind down for bed.
6. Stick to sleep-friendly bedtime routines
In addition to banning electronics, limit other distractions in the bedroom. All stimulation should be minimized. Keep lights low and active pets out of the bedroom. We discourage using music or sound machines to help with sleep because they may actually keep the brain stimulated.
I don’t ever advocate for teens to consume caffeine. But if they are going to, we discourage energy drinks, which tend to have much higher levels of caffeine than tea or coffee. We also don’t recommend any caffeinated drinks later than lunchtime, to prevent sleep disruption. It’s better to get to bed earlier than to get a surge of energy in the day.
We don’t know why, but the hormone that signals our brain to sleep (melatonin) is secreted later in the evening for teens. It’s not uncommon for teens not to get sleepy until 11 p.m. or midnight. Natural supplements of melatonin are over-the-counter and may help reset the body’s internal clock. This should be taken an hour or more before bedtime. There isn’t any research suggesting any long-term harm from using this as a sleep aid. We don’t recommend prescription medicine; it can make you groggy and cause a medication “hangover.”
We don’t expect people to fall asleep right away. It can take half an hour for someone to truly fall asleep. Have your teen follow a routine that helps them de-stress and wind down to get their body into sleep mode and send the right signals to the brain that it’s time to snooze (e.g., bath, reading, bed).
Sometimes an underlying medical issue, such as depression or sleep apnea, may be causing sleep trouble. If a teen continues to have problems falling asleep or is waking up multiple times at night despite healthy sleep hygiene habits, speak to a sleep specialist.
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Suitable for 12-18 years
Sleep and teenagers: 12-18 years
Lack of sleep can make it harder for your child to behave well, regulate emotions, pay attention and do well at school, and get along with others. Being tired all the time can even contribute to mental health issues like anxiety and depression.
Most teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep each night. Some need as little as 7 hours or as much as 11 hours.
It’s very common for children in the early teen years to start wanting to go to bed later at night and get up later in the morning. This is because they start to secrete melatonin later at night than they did in earlier childhood, which affects their circadian rhythms. Also, as their brains mature during puberty, children can stay awake for longer.
Good daytime habits can help teenagers get the sleep they need, especially as they get towards the later teen years. These habits can also help children avoid or sort out any sleep problems that come up.
Waking, sleeping and napping routines
Encourage your child to:
You can be a healthy sleep role model for your child – for example, by winding down before bed, reducing screen-time before bed, relaxing and managing stress, and reducing your use of stimulants like caffeine before bedtime.
A change in your child’s sleep behaviour – like going to bed later than you’d like – isn’t necessarily a sleep problem.
Signs that your teenage child has sleep problems might include difficulties with:
If your child has sleep problems, they might also feel tired during the day, or have trouble remembering things or concentrating.
Your child might be able to solve some sleep problems by getting into the good sleep habits described above. But if persistent problems with sleep are affecting your child’s wellbeing, schoolwork, relationships or mental health, it might be time to see a GP, school counsellor or psychologist.
If children have sleep problems, they need to be involved in solving their own sleep issues.
You can get your child’s input by asking about what makes it harder for them to get to sleep, or what keeps them awake. Then your child might be able to choose a daytime or evening habit that they think will help. For example, if they don’t feel tired, they might focus on doing more physical activity each afternoon.
It’s a good idea to praise your child when you notice they're trying to make changes to sleep patterns or trying out strategies you’ve discussed.
Lots of after-school activities like sport, music or part-time work can cut into your child’s sleep time or make it harder to unwind before bed. If this is the case with your child, you might need to talk about it. For example, your child might be able to reschedule some activities so they don’t interfere with sleep.
Young people should avoid alcohol and illegal drug use completely. These substances have a bad impact on sleep, mental health and wellbeing. They can also harm young people’s developing brains.
This article was developed in collaboration with the Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne. The Centre for Adolescent Health acknowledges Professor Dorothy Bruck for her contribution to this article.
Bruck, D. (2006). Teenage sleep: Understanding and helping the sleep of 12-20 year olds. Melbourne: Wellness Promotion Unit, Victoria University. Retrieved 5 September 2019 from http://eprints.vu.edu.au/467/1/teenagesleep.pdf.
Dahl, R., & Lewin, D. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health: Sleep regulation and behaviour. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 175-184. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00506-2.
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S.M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L. et al. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1(1), 40-43. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010.
Jenni, O., Achermann, P., & Carskadon, M.A. (2005). Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep, 28, 1446-1454.
Laberge, L., Petit, D., Simard, C., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R.E., & Montplaisir, J. (2001). Development of sleep patterns in early adolescence. Journal of Sleep Research, 10, 59-67. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00242.x.
Logan, R.W., Hasler, B.P., Forbes, E.E., Franzen, P.L., Torregrossa, M.M., Huang, Y.H., Buysse, D.J., Clark, D.B., & McClung, C.A. (2018). Impact of sleep and circadian rhythms on addiction vulnerability in adolescents. Biological Psychiatry, 83(12), 987-996. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.035.
Mayo Clinic (2009). Teen sleep: Why is your teen so tired? Retrieved 5 September 2019 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teens-health/art-20046157.
Moore, M., & Meltzer, L. (2008). The sleepy adolescent: Causes and consequences of sleepiness in teens. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 9, 114-121. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2008.01.001.
Noland, H., Price, J.H., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S.K. (2009). Adolescents’ sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. Journal of School Health, 79, 224-230. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00402.x.
Owens, J.A., & Mindell, J.A. (2005). Take charge of your child’s sleep: The all-in-one resource for solving sleep problems in kids and teens. New York: Marlow.
Taylor, D.J., Jenni, O.G., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M.A. (2005). Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: Insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Sleep Research, 14, 239-244. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x.
Wolfson, A. (2010). Adolescents and emerging adults’ sleep patterns: New developments. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, 97-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.210.
Sleep is important for health, wellbeing, growth and learning. How much babies, children and teenagers sleep and when they sleep changes as they get older.
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Bedtime routines can help kids settle at night. Behaviour strategies can help with some sleep problems. See a GP if you’re worried about children’s sleep. Article available in: Arabic, Dari, Karen, Persian, Simplified Chinese, Vietnamese.
In puberty, children get bigger and stronger. There are also changes in children’s sexual organs, brains, skin, hair, teeth, sweatiness and sleep patterns.
As children become teenagers, their brains grow and change. Build healthy teen brains with positive behaviour and thinking, sleep and other healthy choices.
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Need to relax or calm down? Sometimes it’s as simple as working on your breathing. Read how to do breathing exercises as one of your relaxation techniques.
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Healthy screen time habits for teens don’t always come easy. Strategies for managing screen time can help. You can try rules, routines, sessions and choices.
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