Teenage Years
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Published 26 Sep 2019
Author
Lindzi Wessel
Source
BrainFacts/SfN
Photo by Daria Tumanova on Unsplash
Related Topics
Teen Brain
Critical Periods
Childhood & Adolescence
Brain Development
Thinking, Sensing & Behaving
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Adolescence is a time of striking change in the brain as well as the body. Environment and experiences during this time guide development of some of the human brain’s more complex functions, making the teen years a second critical period of brain development.
The teen brain is like a big ball of clay, ready to be molded by new experiences. Neurons extend their dendritic branches to receive signals from other neurons, and their axons add more insulating myelin to speed signal transmission, especially in the brain’s frontal lobes. At the same time, extensive synaptic pruning culls weaker pathways in a process called competitive elimination. Together, these changes reshape the neural highways that move signals through the brain.
These changes give the teen brain an amazing capacity to learn. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the adolescent brain show that white matter — brain tissue containing heavily myelinated nerve fibers — increases. The increase is especially pronounced in the corpus callosum , the large bundle of myelinated fibers connecting the brain’s right
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