Target Private

Target Private



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Target Private

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Each target group is used to route requests to one or more registered
targets. When you create each listener rule, you specify a target group and conditions.
When a rule condition is met, traffic is forwarded to the corresponding target group.
You can
create different target groups for different types of requests. For example, create
one target
group for general requests and other target groups for requests to the microservices
for your
application. For more information, see Application Load Balancer components .

You define health check settings for your load balancer on a per target group basis.
Each
target group uses the default health check settings, unless you override them when
you
create the target group or modify them later on. After you specify a target group
in a rule
for a listener, the load balancer continually monitors the health of all targets registered
with the target group that are in an Availability Zone enabled for the load balancer.
The
load balancer routes requests to the registered targets that are healthy.

By default, a load balancer routes requests to its targets using the protocol and

port number that you specified when you created the target group. Alternatively, you

can override the port used for routing traffic to a target when you register it with

the target group.

Target groups support the following protocols and ports:
If a target group is configured with the HTTPS protocol or uses HTTPS health checks,
the TLS
connections to the targets use the security settings from the ELBSecurityPolicy-2016-08
policy. The load balancer establishes TLS connections with the targets using certificates
that you
install on the targets. The load balancer does not validate these certificates. Therefore,
you can
use self-signed certificates or certificates that have expired. Because the load balancer
is in a
virtual private cloud (VPC), traffic between the load balancer and the targets is
authenticated
at the packet level, so it is not at risk of man-in-the-middle attacks or spoofing
even if the
certificates on the targets are not valid.

When you create a target group, you specify its target type, which determines the

type of target you specify when registering targets with this target group. After
you
create a target group, you cannot change its target type.

The following are the possible target types:
The targets are specified by instance ID.
When the target type is ip , you can specify IP addresses from one
of the following CIDR blocks:

The subnets of the VPC for the target group
These supported CIDR blocks enable you to register the following with a target group:

ClassicLink instances, instances in a VPC that is peered to the load balancer VPC
(same
Region or different Region), AWS resources that are addressable by IP address and
port
(for example, databases), and on-premises resources linked to AWS through AWS Direct
Connect or a
Site-to-Site VPN connection.

You can't specify publicly routable IP addresses.
If you specify targets using an instance ID, traffic is routed to instances using
the
primary private IP address specified in the primary network interface for the instance.
If you specify targets using IP addresses, you can route traffic to an instance using
any private IP address from one or more network interfaces. This enables multiple
applications on an instance to use the same port. Each network interface can have
its
own security group.

If the target type of your target group is lambda , you can register a single
Lambda function. When the load balancer receives a request for the Lambda function,
it
invokes the Lambda function. For more information, see Lambda functions as targets .

By default, Application Load Balancers send requests to targets using HTTP/1.1. You
can use the protocol
version to send requests to targets using HTTP/2 or gRPC.

The following table summarizes the result for the combinations of request protocol
and target group protocol version.

Considerations for the gRPC protocol version
The only supported listener protocol is HTTPS.
The only supported action type for listener rules is forward .

The only supported target types are instance and ip .

The load balancer parses gRPC requests and routes the gRPC calls to the
appropriate target groups based on the package, service, and method.

The load balancer supports unary, client-side streaming, server-side
streaming, and bi-directional streaming.

You must provide a custom health check method with the format /package.service/method .

You must specify the gRPC status codes to use when checking for a successful response
from a target.

You cannot use Lambda functions as targets.
Considerations for the HTTP/2 protocol version
The only supported listener protocol is HTTPS.
The only supported action type for listener rules is forward .

The only supported target types are instance and ip .

The load balancer supports streaming from clients. The load balancer does not
support streaming to the targets.

Your load balancer serves as a single point of contact for clients and distributes
incoming traffic across its healthy registered targets.
You can register each target with one or more target groups.

If demand on your application increases, you can register additional targets with

one or more target groups in order to handle the demand. The load balancer starts
routing requests to a newly registered target as soon as the registration process
completes and the target passes the initial health checks.

If demand on your application decreases, or you need to service your targets, you
can
deregister targets from your target groups. Deregistering a target removes it from
your
target group, but does not affect the target otherwise. The load balancer stops routing
requests to a target as soon as it is deregistered. The target enters the
draining state until in-flight requests have completed. You can
register the target with the target group again when you are ready for it to resume
receiving requests.

If you are registering targets by instance ID, you can use your load balancer with
an Auto Scaling group.
After you attach a target group to an Auto Scaling group, Auto Scaling registers your
targets with the target group
for you when it launches them. For more information, see Attaching a load balancer to your Auto Scaling group in the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling User Guide .

You cannot register the IP addresses of another Application Load Balancer in the same
VPC.
If the other Application Load Balancer is in a VPC that is peered to the load balancer
VPC,
you can register its IP addresses.

The following target group attributes are supported if the target group type is
instance or ip :

The amount of time for Elastic Load Balancing to wait before deregistering a target.
The
range is 0–3600 seconds. The default value is 300 seconds.

The load balancing algorithm determines how the load balancer selects
targets when routing requests. The value is round_robin or
least_outstanding_requests . The default is
round_robin .

The time period, in seconds, during which the load balancer sends a
newly registered target a linearly increasing share of the traffic to
the target group. The range is 30–900 seconds (15 minutes). The
default is 0 seconds (disabled).

Indicates whether sticky sessions are enabled.
The cookie expiration period, in seconds. After this period, the cookie is
considered stale. The minimum value is 1 second and the maximum value is 7
days (604800 seconds). The default value is 1 day (86400 seconds).

The type of stickiness. The possible value is lb_cookie .

The following target group attribute is supported if the target group type is
lambda :

Indicates whether the request and response headers exchanged between the
load balancer and the Lambda function include arrays of values or strings.
The possible values are true or false . The default
value is false . For more information, see Multi-value headers .

By default, the round robin routing algorithm is used to route requests at the target
group level.
You can specify the least outstanding requests routing algorithm instead.

Consider using least outstanding requests when the requests for your application vary
in
complexity or your targets vary in processing capability. Round robin is a good choice
when
the requests and targets are similar, or if you need to distribute requests equally
among targets.
You can compare the effect of round robin versus least outstanding requests using
the following
CloudWatch metrics: RequestCount , TargetConnectionErrorCount ,
and TargetResponseTime .

You cannot enable both least outstanding requests and slow start mode.
If you enable sticky sessions, this overrides the routing algorithm of the
target group after the initial target selection.

With HTTP/2, the load balancer converts the request to multiple HTTP/1.1 requests,

so least outstanding request treats each HTTP/2 request as multiple requests.

When you use least outstanding requests with WebSockets, the target is selected
using least outstanding requests. The load balancer creates a connection to this
target and sends all messages over this connection.

To modify the routing algorithm using the new console
Open the Amazon EC2 console at
https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/ .

On the navigation pane, under LOAD BALANCING , choose
Target Groups .

Choose the name of the target group to open its details page.
On the Group details tab, in the Attributes
section, choose Edit .

On the Edit attributes page, for Load balancing
algorithm , choose Round robin or Least
outstanding requests .

To modify the routing algorithm using the AWS CLI
Use the modify-target-group-attributes
command with the load_balancing.algorithm.type attribute.

Elastic Load Balancing stops sending requests to targets that are deregistering. By
default, Elastic Load Balancing
waits 300 seconds before completing the deregistration process, which can help in-flight
requests to the target to complete. To change the amount of time that Elastic Load
Balancing waits,
update the deregistration delay value.

The initial state of a deregistering target is draining . After the
deregistration delay elapses, the deregistration process completes and the state of
the
target is unused . If the target is part of an Auto Scaling group, it can be
terminated and replaced.

If a deregistering target has no in-flight requests and no active connections, Elastic
Load Balancing
immediately completes the deregistration process, without waiting for the deregistration
delay to elapse. However, even though target deregistration is complete, the status
of
the target will be displayed as draining until the deregistration delay
elapses.

If a deregistering target terminates the connection before the deregistration delay
elapses,
the client receives a 500-level error response.

To update the deregistration delay value using the new console
Open the Amazon EC2 console at
https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/ .

On the navigation pane, under LOAD BALANCING , choose
Target Groups .

Choose the name of the target group to open its details page.
On the Group details tab, in the Attributes
section, choose Edit .

On the Edit attributes page, change the value of
Deregistration delay as needed.

To update the deregistration delay value using the AWS CLI
Use the modify-target-group-attributes
command with the deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds attribute.

By default, a target starts to receive its full share of requests as soon as it is
registered with a target group and passes an initial health check. Using slow start
mode
gives targets time to warm up before the load balancer sends them a full share of
requests.

After you enable slow start for a target group, its targets enter slow start mode
when they
are considered healthy by the target group. A target in slow start mode exits slow
start mode
when the configured slow start duration period elapses or the target becomes unhealthy.
The
load balancer linearly increases the number of requests that it can send to a target
in slow
start mode. After a healthy target exits slow start mode, the load balancer can send
it a
full share of requests.

When you enable slow start for a target group, the healthy targets registered
with the target group do not enter slow start mode.

When you enable slow start for an empty target group and then register targets
using a single registration operation, these targets do not enter slow start mode.

Newly registered targets enter slow start mode only when there is at least one
healthy target that is not in slow start mode.

If you deregister a target in slow start mode, the target exits slow start mode.
If you register the same target again, it enters slow start mode when it is
considered healthy by the target group.

If a target in slow start mode becomes unhealthy, the target exits slow start
mode. When the target becomes healthy, it enters slow start mode again.

You cannot enable both slow start mode and least outstanding requests.
To update the slow start duration value using the new console
Open the Amazon EC2 console at
https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/ .

On the navigation pane, under LOAD BALANCING , choose
Target Groups .

Choose the name of the target group to open its details page.
On the Group details tab, in the Attributes
section, choose Edit .

On the Edit attributes page, change the value of
Slow start duration as needed. To disable slow start mode,
set the duration to 0.

To update the slow start duration value using the AWS CLI
Use the modify-target-group-attributes
command with the slow_start.duration_seconds attribute.

Sticky sessions are a mechanism to route requests to the same target in a target group.

This is useful for servers that maintain state information in order to provide a continuous
experience to clients. To use sticky sessions, the clients must support cookies.

When a load balancer first receives a request from a client, it routes the request
to
a target, generates a cookie named AWSALB that encodes information about the selected
target, encrypts the cookie, and includes the cookie in the response to the client.
The
client should include the cookie that it receives in subsequent requests to the load
balancer. When the load balancer receives a request from a client that contains the
cookie, if sticky sessions are enabled for the target group and the request goes to
the
same target group, the load balancer detects the cookie and routes the request to
the
same target. If the cookie is present but cannot be decoded, or if it refers to a
target
that was deregistered or is unhealthy, the load balancer selects a new target and
updates the cookie with information about the new target.

You enable sticky sessions at the target group level. You can also set the duration
for
the stickiness of the load balancer-generated cookie, in seconds. The duration is
set with
each request. Therefore, if the client sends a request before each duration period
expires,
the sticky session continues.

With CORS (cross-origin resource sharing) requests, some browsers require
SameSite=None; Secure to enable stickiness. In this case, Elastic Load Balancing generates
a second stickiness cookie, AWSALBCORS, which includes the same information as the

original stickiness cookie plus this SameSite attribute. Clients receive
both cookies.

Application Load Balancers support load balancer-generated cookies only. The contents
of these cookies are
encrypted using a rotating key. You cannot decrypt or modify load balancer-generated

cookies.

If you are using multiple layers of Application Load Balancers, you can enable sticky
sessions
on one layer only, because the load balancers would use the same cookie name.

If you have a forward action with
multiple target groups and one or more of the target groups has sticky sessions
enabled, you must enable target group stickiness.

WebSockets connections are inherently sticky. If the client requests a connection
upgrade
to WebSockets, the target that returns an HTTP 101 status code to accept the connection
upgrade
is the target used in the WebSockets connection. After the WebSockets upgrade is complete,

cookie-based stickiness is not used.

Application Load Balancers use the Expires attribute in the cookie header instead
of the Max-Age header.

Application Load Balancers do not support cookie values that are URL encoded.
To enable sticky sessions using the new console
Open the Amazon EC2 console at
https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/ .

On the navigation pane, under LOAD BALANCING , choose
Target Groups .

Choose the name of the target group to open its details page.
On the Group details tab, in the Attributes
section, choose Edit .

On the Edit attributes page, do the following:

For Stickiness duration , specify a value between 1 second and 7 days.

To enable sticky sessions using the AWS CLI
Use the modify-target-group-attributes
command with the stickiness.enabled and stickiness.lb_cookie.duration_seconds attributes.


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Target groups for your Application Load Balancers - Elastic Load Balancing
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