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Tabriz buy weed

By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. In order to recognize, identify and determine the relative dominance of weed species distributed in wheat fields of Tabriz county-Iran, a total weed species belonging to 24 plant family were observed. Ermopyrum bonaepartis Spreng. Nevski, Acroptilon repens L. Draba L. Eighty-nine percent of weeds were below average, because they founded below thirty percent of wheat fields. However, nearly four percent of weeds were assertive and distributed in more than sixty percent of wheat fields. So, the revised management procedure about these weeds in different districts of this county is very important. District Malakand lies on the northern side of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The landscape represents both plain and hilly regions. Various kinds of crops are grown among which wheat is cultivated on large scale. In order to explore weed species diversity in the region, a phytosociological survey was conducted in the summer Such study was required as there has been no such record of weeds diversity of the region. Different fields were selected at various localities of the district. The total number of fields selected was and in each field 10, 1x1m 2 quadrats were laid. A questionnaire was also circulated to investigate about the farming practices and most dangerous species of weeds having greater effect on production and post harvest losses of wheat. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i. Mounted copy of each voucher specimen was deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. This study not only provided first inventory of weed plants but it also helped point out most dangerous species related to wheat yield losses. Results of this study revealed a total of weeds plant species belonging to genera and 42 families. Most of the species investigated were Angiosperms. Family Asteraceae was the richest family related to species diversity with 18 species and 17 genera. It is followed by Poaceae having 16 species and 16 genera. Next in succession are family Brasicaceae with 10 genera and 16 species and family Boraginaceae with 5 genera and 7 species. Other families like Caryophyllaceae, Papilionaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Umbilliferae have 6,6,4,5,4 and 3 species and 6,3,4,3,3 and 3 genera respectively. Species like Silybum marianum Asteraceae , Emex spinosa Polygonaceae and Circium arvense Asteraceae are considered to be the most threatening species during the time of harvesting the crop. Further study along this line is the basic part of the on-going project which will provide a base line for the development of agricultural crops in the region. Wheat is an ecologically suitable crop in terai-agroecological region of West Bengal. High residual soil moisture in this region creates an opportunity for zero tilled wheat as late planting due to delay in harvesting of prceeding rice crop and aggressive growth of weeds several species of Polygonum, Stellaria media Cyrill, and Oldenlandia diffusa L. Considerable reduction of growth of dominant weed flora Polygonum persicaria L. Beauv and Digitaria sanguinalis Retz. Koel was increased considerably in succeeding years leading to gradual reduction of grain yield. Continuous application of 2,4-D caused shift in weed flora from several species of Polygonum to Physalis minina L. Among the weed control treatments post-emergence application of carfentrazone ethyl 25 g ha-1 controlled the weeds Physalis minima L. In comparison to conventional wheat more grain yield of 7. Weed infestation is among the main biotic factors affecting growth and yield of various crops. This issue is more drastic for cereal crops like wheat which is the staple food crop of over 2. One the control strategies is to investigate the distribution pattern of weeds under field conditions. In this regard, a survey study was conducted to investigate the distribution pattern of weed species in wheat crop during in district Khanewal, Punjab Pakistan. Thirty-six weed species distributed among fifteen different families were collected from the study area. Family Poaceae was the predominant with 10 species, while family Asteraceae was the second most dominant family with four weed species. Cynodon dactylon L. Based on these findings, it is recommended to create awareness among the farmers about the identified weeds so that weed infestation could be controlled with the recommended practices. A total of 40 weeds in wheat crop belonging to 21 families and 38 genera were evaluated for their medicinal values and ecological importance during The dominant family was Asteraceae with six genera and six species followed by Papilionaceae with four genera and five species, Brassicaceae, Poaceae and Polygonaceae with three species each, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Plantaginaceae with two species each and remaining 12 families were with one species each. Though these were weeds, still their importance could not be ignored and were used to cure various diseases. It is noted during the study that they were used as carminative 15 species. Beside their medicinal uses, it is noteworthy to mention that 38 species were used for feeding cattle. Weed ecology study is must for dealing different dynamics of weed flora in an ecological region. Studies on biological spectrum including life form showed 25 species According to leaf size, 15 species It is recommended after the present research work that physical eradication of weeds will improve the environment and will decrease the use of herbicides but will also provide fodder for animals and low cost medicines for human beings. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Weed flora survey of Tabriz wheat Triticum aestivum L. Crop Ahmed Khalafallah. Weed control in wheat Triticum aestivum L. Distribution pattern of weeds in wheat crop grown in District Khanewal Allah Ditta. Abstract In order to recognize, identify and determine the relative dominance of weed species distributed in wheat fields of Tabriz county-Iran, a total weed species belonging to 24 plant family were observed. There is a and the high level of reproduction are the important little information available about weed flora and barriers in control of this natural enemy in the wheat relative dominance weed species distributed in Tabriz fields. These unwanted plants in our fields cause county wheat fields. Thus the aim of this study was to reduction in quality and quantity of crops. The weed flora survey and determine the relative damage caused by weeds through the loss of nutrients dominance of weeds in natural conditions in wheat and water is a major cause of interest to the growers fields at Tabriz County northwest of Iran. Memon, Weeds expended three to four times more than nitrogen, potassium and magnesium than Materials and methods crop Schwerzel and Thomas, This county has cold semi-aried weed emergence in relation to crop emergence, the climates, with average annual rainfall equal mm, growth form of the weed, and the density of weed mean temperature According to hours Khalaghani report, average damages coming from the pretense of weeds in wheat fields in Iran, was about 23 percent. Weed flora assessing is useful for determining relative importance of weed species in farmlands Thomas, ; Frick and Thomas, ; McCully et al. Various studies have been done about weed flora in annual crops in many countries like Iran Minbashi et al,. Tabriz county in northwest of Iran. Tastan and Erics , investigated weed distribution and Data sampling density in wheat fields of four provinces of central Weed samplings were performed from 42 wheat fields Anatolia. Sinzar , reported weed communities in 14 districts of Tabriz County in Time of of wheat in Kosmaj region- Yugoslavia. Abusteit et al. Longitude, Egypt. Salonen et al. The 'W' pattern 5 quadrates in each line of this pattern. So, identifying and distinguish of subsequent data entry and analysis. The field uniformity U value indicates the percentage of quadrates infested by a species. This measure is an estimate of the area infested by weed species formula 7 , where Uk is the field uniformity value of species k, Xij is the presence 1 or absence Estimation of Family Dominance index FDI Family dominance index FDI was counted following the methodology of Hassannejad and Porheidar- 0 of species k in quadrat j in field i, and n is the number of fields surveyed. Ghafarbi to compare the relative contribution of each taxonomic family to weed species composition. It was calculated as the sum of the The relative uniformity for species k RU was calculated as follow formula 8 : relative diversity, relative density, and relative coverage, as follow: The density D value was calculated as the mean number of plant per m2 for each weed species, expressed over all fields surveyed formula 9 , where Dki is the density individuals per m2 of species k in fields i, Zj is the number of plants of each species in quadrat j each quadrat is 0. This measure indicated the seriousness of the weeds in fields in which they occurred. This measure was used to magnitude of the infestation in fields surveyed. Ghafarbi The frequency F value was the percentage of fields infested by a species k, at least in one quadrate per field. This measure is an estimate of The relative mean field density for species k RMD the geographical extent of the infestation in the field was calculated as follow formula 11 : formula 5 , where Fk the frequency value of species k, Yi is the presence 1 or absence 0 of species k in field i, and n is the number of fields surveyed. These weed species were the most important disturbing weeds prior to harvesting in this county wheat fields like Khodabandeh, Tarom and some other counties of Zanjan province that reported in Nazer Kakhki et al research. We need an especial attention to The relative mean field coverage for species k RC management of these assertive and disturbing species prior or after harvesting to reduce their densities for was calculated as follow formula 14 : next years. These weeds were distributed in different districts of Tabriz county and were adopted to farmers management methods. High frequency In order to summarize the relative dominance RD of percentage of some weeds suggests the wider a species as the final quantitative measures, relative presence of such species in terms of areas Memon form of four of the above measures were combined The maximum richness, relative families were recorded in wheat fields of Tabriz diversity and relative coverage were found in county Tab. Regarding their plant form, However, Poaceae with weed species were dicotyledonous, and According to Hyvonen Although Brassicaceae compare to Asteraceae had et al. Regarding weed species life cycle, important family infested in Tabriz wheat fields Tab. Convolvulaceae family with minimum richness biennial respectively. According to Gomma , only with one species; C. Presence of C. So, the highest amount of FDI for adaptability one family compares others can be due to well environmentally conditions. Nevski, A. Desv, C. Furthermore, these weeds as troublesome species with RD equal Tolerance of these wheat fields according to RD score Tab. High frequently weeds in different niches is an important share of these six weed species from RD total factor in their success. So that this herbicides usage in their fields or their information weed only was observed in This weed with highest uniformity and Observation of C. Because Thomas et al. Nevski Acroptilon 2 repens L. Cardaria Draba 3 L. Chenopodium 4 album L. Polygonum 5 aviculare L. Convolvulus 6 arvensis L. Adonis aestivalis 7 L. Alopecurus 8 myosuroides Hudson Lithospermum 9 sibthorpianum Ammi visnaga 10 L. Centaurea 11 depressa M. Fumria 12 vaillantii Loise. Goldbachia 13 laevigata M. Conringia 14 orientalis L. Brassicaceae Andrz. Chenopodiaceae Hordeum 17 murinum L. Ceratocarpus 18 arenarius L. Alhagi 19 persarum Boiss. Consolida 20 orientalis Gay. Lithospermum 21 arvensis L. Descurainia 22 Sophia L. Schur Boissera 23 squrrosa Banks. Sisymbrium 24 altissimum Euclidium 25 tenuissimum Pall. Alyssum 26 linifolium Steph. Rapistrum 27 rugosum L. Ceratocephalus 28 falcalus L. Xanthium 30 spinosum L. Silene conoidea 31 L. Kochia scoparia 32 L. Poaceae Asperugo 34 procombens L. Lathyrus sativus 35 L. Alium 36 atreviolaceum Boiss. Cirsium arvense 37 L. Scorzonera 38 calyculata Boiss. Lactuca serriola 39 L. Carthamus 40 oxyacantha M. Papaver dubium 41 L. Koelpinia 42 linearis Pall. Chaerophyllum 43 crinitum Boiss. Neslia apiculata 46 Fisch. Nonnea caspica 47 Willd. Don Papaverraceae 2. Sojak Malcolmia 49 ofricana L. Anchusa italica 50 Retz. Suaeda 51 maritima L. Dumort Phragmites 52 australis Cav. Bupleurum 55 rotundifolium Daucus carota 56 L. Papaver rhoeas 57 L. Sinapis arvensis 61 L. Alium 62 ampeloprasum L. Cnicus 63 benedictus L. Chorispora 64 tenella Pall. Melilotus 65 officinalis L. Chondrilla 66 juncea L. Gypsophila 67 leioclada Rech. Atriplex 68 leucoclada Boiss. Aellen Bromus 69 tectorum L. Roemeria 70 hybrida L. Scandix stellata 71 Banks. Zygophyllum 72 fabago L. Cousunia 73 calocephala Jub. Asteraceae Spach. Alyssum 75 desertorum Stapf Euclidium 76 syriacum L. Poa timoleontis 77 Helder. Centaura iberica 78 Terv. Veronica persica 79 Poir. Senecio glaucus 80 L. Trifolium repens 81 82 L. Poa bulbosa L. Stellaria pallida 83 Dumort. Aeluropus 84 lithoralis Gouan. Agropyrum 85 intermedium Host. Bormus danthoniae var. Setaria viridis 87 L. Labiatae 2. Malva neglecta 90 Wallr. Turgenia 91 latifolia L. Eryngium 92 billardiere F. Ranunculus 93 arvensis L. Amaranthus 94 retroflexus L. Verbascum 95 thapsus Rumex 96 abtusifolium L. Onopordon 97 leptoleptoepis DC. Centaura 98 virgata Lam. Xanyhium 99 strumarium L. Cerpis foetida L. Sorghum halepense L. Vaccaria pyramidata Caryophyllaceae Medi. Plantaginaceae 2. Bellevalia pycantha C. Koch A. Sclerochloa woronowii Hack. Ixiolirion tataricum pall. Medicago monantha C. Meyer Cynodon dactylon L. Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop Achillea millefolium L. Picnomon acarna L. Achilla micrantha Wild. Euphorbia helioscopia L. Nonnea pulla L. Weed survey in The authors are grateful to their colleagues in different tillage systems in Southeastern Ontario field University of Tabriz. This article was extracted from crops. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, final report of research projects 'Identification and County by Geographical Information System GIS ' Environmental and management factors determining that was financed by research funding of Tabriz weed species composition and diversity in France. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , 68 — Cumulative average weed communities in Al-Jouf province, northern of weed presence in wheat innorthern Egypt. Comptes Saudi Arabia. Montpellier, France, Hassannejad S, Porheidar-Ghafarbi S. Andreasen C, Skovgard IM. Crop and soil Distribution of dominant weed species in winter factors of importance for the distribution of plant wheat at Tabriz county. International Journal of species on arable fields in Denmark. Agriculture, Biosciences. Ecosystems and Environment , Andreasen C, Stryhn H. Increasing weed Introducing new indices for weed flora studies. Weed Research 48, 1 — 9. Sciences 4 22 , Hassannejad S. Weed flora identification and Development of the Alaska agricultural weed weed mapping in wheat, barley, and alfalfa fields of flora a case for prevention. PP: Davis PH. Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh at the University of Press. V: The fifth national weed survey Environment 97, — Khalaghani J. Weed loss assessment in wheat fields. Final report. Long — of Plant Protection. Vaccinium angustifoliumm fields. Weed Science 39, Weed Ecology: Implications for vegetation management. Johnwiley Memon RA. Weed flora composition of wheat and Son. New York. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the Rechinger KH. Flora Iranica. Shah Abdul Akademische Durck-U. Verlagsanstalt Graz-Austria. Latif University Khairpur, Sindh. Herbologia 10, 1 — Schwezel Weed weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biology and Management 8, — Sinzar B. Winter wheat weed community in the Kosmaj region. Zastita Bilja, 47 4 , Weed population Tastan B, Ercis A. Research on the indices in irrigated wheat fields of Zanjan province of distribution and density of weeds in wheat fields in Iran. Bitki Koruma Bulteni, 31 , 2 , Arable Hassannejad and Ghafarbi. Consistent Physical Units for structural engineering Piercarlo Mirto. The politics, pragmatics and promise of money John Keith Hart. Rethinking Corruption in an Age of Ambiguity janine wedel. Foreign policy modifications of Pakistan Syed Muhammad Ali. Navigating shades of social capital and trust to leverage opportunities for rural innovation Laurens Klerkx. Evolution of cognitive trust in distributed software development teams: a punctuated equilibrium model Anna McNab. The Diamond-NOM: A non-contact profiler capable of characterizing optical figure error with sub-nanometre repeatability Heiner Lammert. Effect of fertilizers and mulching on growth and yield of sweet pepper Capsicum annum L. Tatia Biswas. Breaking dormancy of Leucaena le