THE ADVANTAGES OF A HEALTHY BMI FOR PHYSICAL FITNESS
Aim: To examine the relationship between the BMI and the PFI in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China's children and adolescents.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey included 17,618 kids and teens aged 7 to 18 from the chosen region (8,800 boys and 8,818 girls). Age and gender were used to categorize participants into one of five BMI percentiles: very low (BMI 5%), low (BMI 5th 15%), normal (15th BMI 85th percentile), high (BMI 85th 95th percentile), and extremely high (BMI 95th percentile). In addition, five health-related fitness markers were used to measure PFI (grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, and endurance run).
Results
During adolescence (13–18 years in boys and pre-adolescence (7–12 years in girls), BMI was strongly linked with PFI. Increases in BMI showed a higher effect on PFI in boys than in girls between 13 and 18 years. With BMI, PFI exhibited a curvilinear correlation.
Conclusion
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region children and adolescents with a normal BMI showed strong physical fitness. However, poor physical fitness can be exacerbated by having a BMI either too low or too high. Therefore, an inverted U-shape can be seen in the association between BMI and PFI.
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Introduction
Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength endurance, flexibility, and body composition are frequent physical fitness components [1]. According to current study findings, physical fitness has a favorable impact on cognition[2, 3], weight status[3, 4], psychological well-being [4, 5], and academic success scores[2, 5]. In contrast, a lack of physical fitness in infancy may increase cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood[7]. Therefore, BMI was often employed as a proxy for body composition in studies that influence young people's physical fitness[3]. BMI increases in children and adolescents have slowed down in many high-income nations, but in Asia, notably China[8,] they have picked up steam. This has led to a major public health issue. Childhood and adolescent obesity is particularly linked to the early emergence of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes[9].
According to research, BMI and physical fitness have been examined from three different angles. First, most studies examining the fitness of obese or overweight people found a negative correlation between BMI and exercise capacity[10–12]. Researchers have also suggested that BMI might be a covariate of physical fitness[13, 14]. Third, several studies have found a quadratic association between BMI and the physical fitness index (PFI) during adolescence. Despite the variety of viewpoints, very few studies have looked at multi-ethnic groups as a whole.
In China, there are 55 distinct ethnic groups. China's mean/median BMI is lower than in non-Asian populations because of these ethnic and cultural subgroups[19]. This might imply that, although having identical BMIs, Asians have a larger proportion of body fat and a lower ratio of lean mass [20]. China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is the country's biggest province. It occupies one-sixth of China's total land area and may be found in its extreme northwest. However, the region remains economically undeveloped due to a lack of connection. Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is home to more than 13 distinct ethnic groups. As reflected by the region's name, the Uyghur people make up most of the population[21]. In addition, 60% of Uyghurs are European, while 40% are East Asian, making them distinct from Han peoples in culture, cuisine, and genetics[22]. Wheat, beef, mutton, and dairy items are all high-fat foods the Uyghur eat as their major diet.
When it comes to BMI and fitness, Xinjiang is an ideal place to study the differences across ethnic groups. Unfortunately, little research has examined the connection between BMI and physical fitness in the region, especially among children and adolescents, because of its location in far northern China and inadequate public health resources. Therefore, children and teenagers ranging in age from 7 to 18 years old were surveyed. As a result, we were able to look at the link between BMI and PFI from several angles.
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Methods
A provincial survey in Xinjiang was retrieved from the 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). China's Ministry of Education, State Sports General Administration, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Civil Affairs, and Ministry of Science and Technology[23] have conducted the It every five years since 1985[24]. It has been China's biggest nationwide sample of school-age children and adolescents until now. The Peking University Health Science Center's Medical Research Ethics Committee supported this investigation (IRB00001052-18002).
The regional gross domestic product, total annual per capita income, average food consumption per capita, natural population growth rate, and regional social welfare index were used to identify three socioeconomic groups ("upper," "middle," and "poor"). Males and females from urban and rural areas were included in each class's four populations with an equal number of samples. As a result of the country's socioeconomic and racial makeup, Six Xinjiang cities, including Urumqi, Yining, Aksu, Kashgar, Kizilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, and Altay Prefecture, were selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling strategy to collect data on children and adolescents. A total of 204 individuals (1.14 percent) were removed from the study due to missing or extreme data. Each indication had a maximum or minimum value: BMI 10 or >40 kg/m2; standing long jump 50 or >300 cm; sit and reach 8 or >26 cm; 50 m dash 6.0 or >16.0 s; 50 m endurance run 60 or >200 s; 800 m run 140 or >400 s; and 1,000 m endurance run 150 or >370 s[23]. Finally, 17,618 multi-ethnic children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years from Xinjiang were included in this study.
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