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The response to support for access control in Swift has been extremely positive. However, some developers have been asking, “Why doesn’t Swift have something like protected ?” Many other programming languages have an access control option that restricts certain methods from being accessed from anywhere except subclasses.
When designing access control levels in Swift, we considered two main use cases:
These correspond to private and internal levels of access, respectively.
In contrast, protected conflates access with inheritance, adding an entirely new control axis to reason about. It doesn’t actually offer any real protection, since a subclass can always expose “protected” API through a new public method or property. It doesn’t offer additional optimization opportunities either, since new overrides can come from anywhere. And it’s unnecessarily restrictive — it allows subclasses, but not any of the subclass’s helpers, to access something.
As some developers have pointed out, Apple frameworks do occasionally separate parts of API intended for use by subclasses. Wouldn’t protected be helpful here? Upon inspection, these methods generally fall into one of two groups. First, methods that aren’t really useful outside the subclass, so protection isn’t critical (and recall the helper case above). Second, methods that are designed to be overridden but not called. An example is drawRect(_:) , which is certainly used within the UIKit codebase but is not to be called outside UIKit.
It’s also not clear how protected should interact with extensions. Does an extension to a class have access to that class’s protected members? Does an extension to a subclass have access to the superclass’s protected members? Does it make a difference if the extension is declared in the same module as the class?
There was one other influence that led us to the current design: existing practices of Objective-C developers both inside and outside of Apple. Objective-C methods and properties are generally declared in a public header (.h) file, but can also be added in class extensions within the implementation (.m) file. When parts of a public class are intended for use elsewhere within the framework but not outside, developers create a second header file with the class’s “internal” bits. These three levels of access correspond to public , private , and internal in Swift.
Swift provides access control along a single, easy-to-understand axis, unrelated to inheritance. We believe this model is simpler, and provides access control the way it is most often needed: to isolate implementation details to within a class or within a framework. It may be different from what you’ve used before, but we encourage you to try it out.
Private setter "set()" in Swift - Stack Overflow
Access Control and protected - Swift Blog - Apple Developer
Fileprivate vs private in Swift : The differences explained - SwiftLee
SWIFT : Public getter and Private setter | by Fahad C H | Medium
What Is the Difference Between Private and Fileprivate in Swift 4
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XCOrganizer: Fast and easy projects search XCOrganizer is a tool that lets you easily locate any project on a disk. Browse through Xcode Projects, Xcode Workspaces, Swift Playgrounds, and Swift Packages grouped by types. Assign tags based on project goals. Add whatever you’re working on to favorites. Humans can’t possibly keep track of all project names. XCOrganizer can.
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SwiftLee > Swift > Fileprivate vs private in Swift: The differences explained
Fileprivate and private are part of the access control modifiers in Swift. These keywords, together with internal, public, and open, make it possible to restrict access to parts of your code from code in other source files and modules.
The private access level is the lowest and most restrictive level whereas open access is the highest and least restrictive. The documentation of Swift will explain all access levels in detail to you, but in this blog post, I’m going to explain the differences between two close friends: fileprivate and private.
Open access is the highest (least restrictive) access level and private access is the lowest (most restrictive) access level.
This will improve readability and makes it easier to use and understand your code for others.
Although the keywords are almost the same, there is a clear difference in their use cases. Fileprivate access restricts the use of an entity within the same defined source file. The only reason you would use fileprivate is when you want to access your code within the same file from different classes or structs.
In the following example, we have an ImageProvider and an ImageViewController . We can use fileprivate if they’re defined within the same file and we want to allow access to the image view from the image provider.
However, if we would create a separated file for the `ImageProvider` struct, we would get a compiler error:
Inaccessible image view due to fileprivate
In my opinion, this makes it a very small use case. It’s often better for the structure of your project to define entities in their own files.
The private keyword is used a lot more and restricts the use of an entity to the enclosing declaration and its extensions. The extensions, however, have to be defined within the same file. In other words, private declarations will not be visible outside the file. You can use this keyword to only expose the minimal code needed to interact with the entity. This will improve readability and makes it easier to use and understand your code for others.
It’s best to explain the differences by taking the image provider example. Declared within the same file, they will result in the following compiler error:
The keyword differences explained in code
As you can see, the fileprivate declared image view is accessible within the same file. The private image view, however, is not accessible as it’s only visible within the entity itself. An extension to the `ImageViewController` would have had access to this private declared image view.
iOS Developer since 2010. Lead developer of the Collect by WeTransfer app. Writing a new blog post every week related to Swift, iOS and Xcode. Regular speaker and workshop host.
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