Super Hole

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the astronomical object. For the song by the band Muse, see Supermassive Black Hole (song) .
Artist's impression of the huge outflow ejected from the quasar SDSS J1106+1939 [53]
Artist's illustration of galaxy with jets from a supermassive black hole. [54]
Supermassive black hole and smaller black hole in galaxy OJ 287
Comparisons of large and small black holes in galaxy OJ 287 to the Solar System
Black hole disk flares in galaxy OJ 287 (1:22; animation; 28 April 2020)

Black holes in fiction
Central massive object
Galactic Center – Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
Galactic Center GeV Excess – Unexplained gamma-ray radiation in center of Milky Way galaxy
General relativity – Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
Hypercompact stellar system
List of most massive black holes – Wikipedia list article
Spin-flip – Sudden change of spin axis caused by merging with another black hole


^ Overbye, Dennis (April 10, 2019). "Black Hole Picture Revealed for the First Time – Astronomers at last have captured an image of the darkest entities in the cosmos – Comments" . The New York Times . Retrieved April 10, 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (April 10, 2019). "First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole" . The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 875 (1): L1. arXiv : 1906.11238 . Bibcode : 2019ApJ...875L...1E . doi : 10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7 .

^ Falcke, Heino; Melia, Fulvio; Agol, Eric (January 1, 2000). "Viewing the Shadow of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center" . The Astrophysical Journal . 528 (1): L13–L16. arXiv : astro-ph/9912263 . Bibcode : 2000ApJ...528L..13F . doi : 10.1086/312423 . PMID 10587484 . S2CID 119433133 .

^ The acronym SBH is commonly used for stellar-mass black hole .

^ Jump up to: a b Kormendy, John; Richstone, Douglas (1995), "Inward Bound—The Search For Supermassive Black Holes In Galactic Nuclei", Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 33 : 581, Bibcode : 1995ARA&A..33..581K , doi : 10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.003053

^ Kormendy, John; Ho, Luis (2013). "Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics . 51 (1): 511–653. arXiv : 1304.7762 . Bibcode : 2013ARA&A..51..511K . doi : 10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101811 . S2CID 118172025 .

^ Ghez, A.; Klein, B.; Morris, M.; Becklin, E (1998). "High Proper-Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal . 509 (2): 678–686. arXiv : astro-ph/9807210 . Bibcode : 1998ApJ...509..678G . doi : 10.1086/306528 . S2CID 18243528 .

^
Schödel, R.; et al. (2002). "A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way". Nature . 419 (6908): 694–696. arXiv : astro-ph/0210426 . Bibcode : 2002Natur.419..694S . doi : 10.1038/nature01121 . PMID 12384690 . S2CID 4302128 .

^ Frank, Juhan; King, Andrew; Raine, Derek J. (January 2002). "Accretion Power in Astrophysics: Third Edition". Accretion Power in Astrophysics . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Bibcode : 2002apa..book.....F . ISBN 0521620538 .

^ "Black Hole | COSMOS" . astronomy.swin.edu.au . Retrieved August 29, 2020 .

^ Irving, Michael (February 21, 2018). " " Ultramassive" black holes may be the biggest ever found – and they're growing fast" . News Atlas . GIZMAG PTY LTD.

^ From Super to Ultra: Just How Big Can Black Holes Get? | NASA

^ Carr, Bernard; et al. (February 2021). "Constraints on Stupendously Large Black Holes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 501 (2): 2029–2043. arXiv : 2008.08077 . Bibcode : 2020MNRAS.tmp.3429C . doi : 10.1093/mnras/staa3651 .

^ September 2020, Charles Q. Choi 18 (September 18, 2020). " ' Stupendously large' black holes could grow to truly monstrous sizes" . Space.com . Retrieved March 10, 2021 .

^ King, Andrew (2016). "How big can a black hole grow?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 456 (1): L109–L112. arXiv : 1511.08502 . Bibcode : 2016MNRAS.456L.109K . doi : 10.1093/mnrasl/slv186 . S2CID 40147275 .

^ Inayoshi, Kohei; Haiman, Zoltán (September 12, 2016). "Is There a Maximum Mass for Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei?". The Astrophysical Journal . 828 (2): 110. arXiv : 1601.02611 . Bibcode : 2016ApJ...828..110I . doi : 10.3847/0004-637X/828/2/110 . S2CID 118702101 .

^ Kutner, Marc L. (2003), Astronomy: A Physical Perspective , Cambridge University Press, p. 149, ISBN 978-0521529273

^ "Problem 138: The Intense Gravity of a Black Hole" , Space Math @ NASA: Mathematics Problems about Black Holes , NASA , retrieved December 4, 2018

^ Celotti, A.; Miller, J.C.; Sciama, D.W. (1999). "Astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes" . Class. Quantum Grav. (Submitted manuscript). 16 (12A): A3–A21. arXiv : astro-ph/9912186 . Bibcode : 1999CQGra..16A...3C . doi : 10.1088/0264-9381/16/12A/301 . S2CID 17677758 .

^ Ehsan, Baaquie Belal; Hans, Willeboordse Frederick (2015), Exploring The Invisible Universe: From Black Holes To Superstrings , World Scientific, p. 200, Bibcode : 2015eiub.book.....B , ISBN 978-9814618694

^ "Uranus Fact Sheet" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Retrieved August 29, 2020 .

^ "Black Hole Calculator – Fabio Pacucci (Harvard University & SAO)" . Fabio Pacucci . Retrieved August 29, 2020 .

^ Schmidt, Maarten (1965), "3C 273: A Star-like Object with Large Red-Shift", in Robinson, Ivor; Schild, Alfred; Schucking, E.L. (eds.), Quasi-Stellar Sources and Gravitational Collapse, Proceedings of the 1st Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p. 455, Bibcode : 1965qssg.conf..455S

^ Greenstein, Jesse L.; Schmidt, Maarten (July 1964), "The Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources 3C 48 and 3C 273", Astrophysical Journal , 140 : 1, Bibcode : 1964ApJ...140....1G , doi : 10.1086/147889 .

^ Feynman, Richard (2018), Feynman Lectures On Gravitation , CRC Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0429982484

^ Appenzeller, I.; Fricke, K. (April 1972), "Hydrodynamic Model Calculations for Supermassive Stars I. The Collapse of a Nonrotating 0.75 × 10 6 M ☉ Star", Astronomy and Astrophysics , 18 : 10, Bibcode : 1972A&A....18...10A

^ Jump up to: a b Lang, Kenneth R. (2013), Astrophysical Formulae: Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology , Astronomy and Astrophysics Library (3 ed.), Springer, p. 217, ISBN 978-3662216392

^ Ryle, Martin, Sir; Longair, M. S. (1967), "A possible method for investigating the evolution of radio galaxies", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 136 (2): 123, Bibcode : 1967MNRAS.136..123R , doi : 10.1093/mnras/136.2.123

^ Wolfe, A. M.; Burbidge, G. R. (August 1970). "Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal . 161 : 419. Bibcode : 1970ApJ...161..419W . doi : 10.1086/150549 .

^ Sargent, W. L. W.; et al. (May 1, 1978). "Dynamical evidence for a central mass concentration in the galaxy M87". Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 . 221 : 731–744. Bibcode : 1978ApJ...221..731S . doi : 10.1086/156077 .

^ Schödel, R.; Genzel, R. (2006), Alfaro, Emilio Javier; Perez, Enrique; Franco, José (eds.), How does the Galaxy work?: A Galactic Tertulia with Don Cox and Ron Reynolds , Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 315 , Springer Science & Business Media, p. 201, ISBN 978-1402026201

^ Fulvio Melia (2007). The Galactic Supermassive Black Hole . Princeton University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-691-13129-0 .

^ Harms, Richard J.; et al. (November 1994), "HST FOS spectroscopy of M87: Evidence for a disk of ionized gas around a massive black hole", Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 , 435 (1): L35–L38, Bibcode : 1994ApJ...435L..35H , doi : 10.1086/187588

^ Miyoshi, Makoto; et al. (January 1995). "Evidence for a black hole from high rotation velocities in a sub-parsec region of NGC4258". Nature . 373 (6510): 127–129. Bibcode : 1995Natur.373..127M . doi : 10.1038/373127a0 . S2CID 4336316 .

^ Tanaka, Y.; Nandra, K.; Fabian, A.C. (1995). "Gravitationally redshifted emission implying an accretion disk and massive black hole in the active galaxy MCG-6-30-15". Nature . 375 (6533): 659–661. Bibcode : 1995Natur.375..659T . doi : 10.1038/375659a0 . S2CID 4348405 .

^ Overbye, Dennis (March 6, 2020). "This Black Hole Blew a Hole in the Cosmos – The galaxy cluster Ophiuchus was doing just fine until WISEA J171227.81-232210.7 — a black hole several billion times as massive as our sun — burped on it" . The New York Times . Retrieved March 6, 2020 .

^ "Biggest cosmic explosion ever detected left huge dent in space" . The Guardian . February 27, 2020 . Retrieved March 6, 2020 .

^ "Astronomers detect biggest explosion in the history of the Universe" . Science Daily . February 27, 2020 . Retrieved March 6, 2020 .

^ Overbye, Dennis (March 28, 2020). "Infinite Visions Were Hiding in the First Black Hole Image's Rings – Scientists proposed a technique that would allow us to see more of the unseeable" . The New York Times . Retrieved March 29, 2020 .

^ Johnson, Michael D.; et al. (March 18, 2020). "Universal interferometric signatures of a black hole's photon ring" . Science Advances . 6 (12, eaaz1310): eaaz1310. arXiv : 1907.04329 . Bibcode : 2020SciA....6.1310J . doi : 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1310 . PMC 7080443 . PMID 32206723 .

^ Overbye, Dennis (March 28, 2020). "Infinite Visions Were Hiding in the First Black Hole Image's Rings" . The New York Times . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .

^ Kulier, Andrea; Ostriker, Jeremiah P.; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Lackner, Claire N.; Cen, Renyue (February 1, 2015). "Understanding Black Hole Mass Assembly via Accretion and Mergers at Late Times in Cosmological Simulations". The Astrophysical Journal . 799 (2): 178. arXiv : 1307.3684 . Bibcode : 2015ApJ...799..178K . doi : 10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/178 . S2CID 118497238 .

^ Pacucci, Fabio; Loeb, Abraham (June 1, 2020). "Separating Accretion and Mergers in the Cosmic Growth of Black Holes with X-Ray and Gravitational-wave Observations". The Astrophysical Journal . 895 (2): 95. arXiv : 2004.07246 . Bibcode : 2020ApJ...895...95P . doi : 10.3847/1538-4357/ab886e . S2CID 215786268 .

^ Jump up to: a b Begelman, M. C.; et al. (June 2006). "Formation of supermassive black holes by direct collapse in pre-galactic haloed". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 370 (1): 289–298. arXiv : astro-ph/0602363 . Bibcode : 2006MNRAS.370..289B . doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10467.x . S2CID 14545390 .

^ Saplakoglu, Yasemin (September 29, 2017). "Zeroing In on How Supermassive Black Holes Formed" . Scientific American . Retrieved April 8, 2019 .

^ Johnson-Goh, Mara (November 20, 2017). "Cooking up supermassive black holes in the early universe" . Astronomy . Retrieved April 8, 2019 .

^ Yue, Bin; Ferrara, Andrea; Salvaterra, Ruben; Xu, Yidong; Chen, Xuelei (May 1, 2014). "The brief era of direct collapse black hole formation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 440 (2): 1263–1273. arXiv : 1402.5675 . Bibcode : 2014MNRAS.440.1263Y . doi : 10.1093/mnras/stu351 . S2CID 119275449 .

^ Sugimura, Kazuyuki; Omukai, Kazuyuki; Inoue, Akio K. (November 1, 2014). "The critical radiation intensity for direct collapse black hole formation: dependence on the radiation spectral shape". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 445 (1): 544–553. arXiv : 1407.4039 . Bibcode : 2014MNRAS.445..544S . doi : 10.1093/mnras/stu1778 . S2CID 119257740 .

^ Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham (October 1, 2003). "Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes". The Astrophysical Journal . 596 (1): 34–46. arXiv : astro-ph/0212400 . Bibcode : 2003ApJ...596...34B . doi : 10.1086/377529 . S2CID 14419385 .

^ Siegel, Ethan. " ' Direct Collapse' Black Holes May Explain Our Universe's Mysterious Quasars" . Forbes . Retrieved August 28, 2020 .

^ Montero, Pedro J.; Janka, Hans-Thomas; Müller, Ewald (April 1, 2012). "Relativistic Collapse and Explosion of Rotating Supermassive Stars with Thermonuclear Effects". The Astrophysical Journal . 749 (1): 37. arXiv : 1108.3090 . Bibcode : 2012ApJ...749...37M . doi : 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/37 . S2CID 119098587 .

^ Habouzit, Mélanie; Volonteri, Marta; Latif, Muhammad; Dubois, Yohan; Peirani, Sébastien (November 1, 2016). "On the number density of 'direct collapse' black hole seeds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 463 (1): 529–540. arXiv : 1601.00557 . Bibcode : 2016MNRAS.463..529H . doi : 10.1093/mnras/stw1924 . S2CID 118409029 .

^ "Biggest Black Hole Blast Discovered" . ESO Press Release . Retrieved November 28, 2012 .

^ "Artist's illustration of galaxy with jets from a supermassive black hole" . Hubble Space Telescope . Retrieved November 27, 2018 .

^ Spitzer, L. (1987). Dynamical Evolution of Globular Clusters . Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08309-4 .

^ Boekholt, T. C. N.; Schleicher, D. R. G.; Fellhauer, M.; Klessen, R. S.; Reinoso, B.; Stutz, A. M.; Haemmerlé, L. (May 1, 2018). "Formation of massive seed black holes via collisions and accretion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 476 (1): 366–380. arXiv : 1801.05841 . Bibcode : 2018MNRAS.476..366B . doi : 10.1093/mnras/sty208 . S2CID 55411455 .

^ "Stars Born in Winds from Supermassive Black Holes – ESO's VLT spots brand-new type of star formation" . www.eso.org . Retrieved March 27, 2017 .

^ Winter, L. M.; et al. (October 2006). "XMM-Newton Archival Study of the ULX Population in Nearby Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal . 649 (2): 730–752. arXiv : astro-ph/0512480 . Bibcode : 2006ApJ...649..730W . doi : 10.1086/506579 . S2CID 118445260 .

^ King, Andrew (February 2016). "How big can a black hole grow?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters . 456 (1): L109–L112. arXiv : 1511.08502 . Bibcode : 2016MNRAS.456L.109K . doi : 10.1093/mnrasl/slv186 . S2CID 40147275 .

^ Trosper, Jaime (May 5, 2014). "Is There a Limit to How Large Black Holes Can Become?" . futurism.com . Retrieved November 27, 2018 .

^ Clery, Daniel (December 21, 2015). "Limit to how big black holes can grow is astonishing" . sciencemag.org . Retrieved November 27, 2018 .

^ "Black holes could grow as large as 50 billion suns before their food crumbles into stars, research shows" . University of Leicester . Retrieved November 27, 2018 .

^ Harrison Tasoff (January 19, 2021). "Researchers discover the earliest supermassive black hole and quasar in the universe" . phys.org . The presence of such a massive black hole so early in the universe's history challenges theories of black hole formation. As lead author [Feige] Wang, now a NASA Hubble fellow at the University of Arizona, explains: 'Black holes created by the very first massive stars could not have grown this large in only a few hundred million years.'

^ Landau, Elizabeth; Bañados, Eduardo (December 6, 2017). "Found: Most Distant Black Hole" . NASA . Retrieved December 6, 2017 . 'This black hole grew far larger than we expected in only 690 million years after the Big Bang, which challenges our theories about how black holes form,' said study co-author Daniel Stern of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

^ Balberg, Shmuel; Shapiro, Stuart L. (2002). "Gravothermal Collapse of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos and the Origin of Massive Black Holes" . Physical Review Letters . 88 (10): 101301. Bibcode : 2002PhRvL..88j1301B . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.101301 . PMID 11909338 . S2CID 20557031 .

^ Pollack, Jason; Spergel, David N.; Steinhardt, Paul J. (2015). "Supermassive Black Holes from Ultra-Strongly Self-Interacting Dark Matter". The Astrophysical Journal . 804 (2): 131. arXiv : 1501.00017 . Bibcode : 2015ApJ...804..131P . doi : 10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/131 . S2CID 15916893 .

^ Feng, W.-X.; Yu, H.-B.; Zhong, Y.-M. (2021). "Seeding Supermassive Black Holes with Self-interacting Dark Matter: A Unified Scenario with Baryons". The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 914 (2): L26. arXiv : 2010.15132 . Bibcode : 2021ApJ...914L..26F . doi : 10.3847/2041-8213/ac04b0 . S2CID 225103030 .

^ Seidel, Jamie (December 7, 2017). "Black hole at the dawn of time challenges our understanding of how the universe was formed" . News Corp Australia . Retrieved December 9, 2017 . It had reached its size just 690 million years after the point beyond which there is nothing. The most dominant scientific theory of recent years describes that point as the Big Bang—a spontaneous eruption of reality as we know it out of a quantum singularity. But another idea has recently been gaining weight: that the universe goes through periodic expansions and contractions—resulting in a 'Big Bounce'. And the existence of early black holes has been predicted to be a key telltale as to whether or not the idea may be valid. This one is very big. To get to its size—800 million times more mass than our Sun—it must have swallowed a lot of stuff. ... As far as we understand it, the universe simply wasn't old enough at that time to generate such a monster.

^ "A Black Hole that is more ancient than the Universe" (in Greek). You Magazine (Greece). December 8, 2017 . Retrieved December 9, 2017 . This new theory that accepts that the Universe is going through periodic expansions and contractions is called 'Big Bounce'

^ Savorgnan, Giulia A.D.; Graham, Alister W.; Marconi, Alessandro; Sani, Eleonora (2016). "Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Spheroids. II. The Red and Blue Sequence in the M BH -M *,sph Diagram". Astrophysical Journal . 817 (1): 21. arXiv : 1511.07437 . Bibcode : 2016ApJ...817...21S . doi : 10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/21 . S2CID 55698824 .

^ Sahu, Nandini; Graham, Alister W.; Davis, Benjamin L. (2019). "Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Early-type Galaxies. I. M BH -M *,sph and M BH -M *,gal ". Astrophysical Journal . 876 (2): 155. arXiv : 1903.04738 . Bibcode : 2019ApJ...876..155S . doi : 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0f32 .

^ Netzer, Hagai (August 2015). "Revisiting the Unified Model of
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