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Home How to Title a Manuscript for Journal Submission
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Researchers and readers are first introduced to your journal article through its title and images. Think about when you browse social media, news sites, or online magazines. What makes you stop skimming and encourages you to read the content? The captivating title or a cool image, of course! The same principle is true for journal database–your journal manuscript or research paper title will immediately alert the reader to what your study is about and help them decide whether to continue reading.
Although we provide tips for labeling your legends and step-by-step instructions for writing the perfect manuscript title based on your own research in separate articles, this post provides more in-depth information on different title formats for different types of articles, how title length and some other factors might influence how well a title does in terms of attention and citation rates, and what should be avoided to create good titles for research papers. In particular, we will cover the following:
The following is a summary of our recommendations for how to craft the best title for your journal manuscript. This step can be completed while you make an outline for your paper , during the drafting, or during the manuscript editing and proofreading process , while you are preparing your work for submission to journals.
As with all other information you receive about preparing journal articles, please remember to consult your target journal’s guide for authors and survey recent works published by your target journal to understand its editors’ stylistic preferences.
In the infographic above, we briefly point out the pros and cons of various title formats. Below, we provide you with further details about specific title structures and some real-world examples, for reference.
Before we dive into the various title categories, we’d like to explain our approach in preparing this overview. James Hartley conveniently classifies title formats into 13 categories, which we have adapted and re-configured into five types, after conducting our own survey of the most recent and most popular articles on major journal publication sites such as Elsevier and Springer. We have also examined papers that analyze recent trends in manuscript title structure and have incorporated our findings into this post.
Below are tables that outline each title type’s key characteristics (preferred grammatical structures and information to include), specify the article types that commonly use each title format, and list relevant sample titles from major academic publications. Where we do not list any title examples by article type, such formats are highly uncommon for this article category.
Finally, while we recognize that each journal has its own article types, we have broadly sorted published papers into the following groups:
Now, let’s look at these formats in more detail.
Given the academic community’s digital dependence, titles and abstracts should be optimized for search engine algorithms. Yes, even scientists must know a bit about SEO! However, be wary of including too little or too much information in your title.
If a title is too general, it may be misleading or irrelevant to many readers’ needs. If a title is too specific, editors may believe your paper has limited appeal to the journal’s readership. Remember that editors are concerned with maximizing their journal’s impact by targeting a wide range of readers. Therefore, strike a good balance between specificity and broad applicability.
Another factor to consider is what happens when your paper advances to the peer review phase. Reviewers receive limited information about your paper when evaluating your research. If your title is too specific, a reviewer might not feel inclined to review the paper because he or she might not think the study fits within his or her specialty. In turn, if editors must send out multiple rounds of invitations to obtain enough peer reviewers, the editors may feel that your paper might not be a good fit for their journal, or simply reject your paper because they’ve become frustrated and want to move on. Yes, editors are normal people, too!
While there’s rarely an absolute requirement for title length, the traditional length varies significantly from one discipline to another. The typical recommended length is 10-20 words. An upper limit might be 30-35 words, because a long title might reflect problems with your research or your ability to succinctly convey information.
In practice, mathematics-related academic papers generally have shorter titles (~8 words) compared to, for example, medical papers, which have longer titles . However, titles of highly cited papers seem to be shorter overall. Intuitively, longer titles can be difficult to digest, and might indicate that the
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