Submersible Pump vs. Jet Pump
Key Differences Explained
Choosing the right water pump can make or break the efficiency and longevity of your water supply system. Whether you're installing a new well pump, upgrading your water pressure, or managing irrigation, understanding the differences between a Submersible Pump and a jet pump is essential. These two pump types serve similar purposes, but they are designed very differently—and each excels under specific conditions.
This comprehensive guide explores how both pumps work, their pros and cons, and how to choose the best pump for your residential, agricultural, or industrial needs.
What Is a Submersible Pump?
A Submersible Pump is a fully sealed pump designed to operate underwater. Installed deep inside a well, borehole, or water source, it pushes water upward to the surface. Because it works below the waterline, it is naturally primed and highly efficient.
How It Works
- The pump is submerged in water.
- An electric motor drives the impellers.
- Water is pushed upward through pipes to the surface.
- No priming is needed because the pump is always underwater.
Typical Applications
- Deep wells
- Boreholes
- Sewage and wastewater removal
- Irrigation systems
- Residential and commercial water supply systems
A Submersible Pump is especially effective in deep-water environments where strong, reliable pressure is required.
What Is a Jet Pump?
A jet pump is a motor-driven pump installed above ground. It uses suction to draw water from the well or source to the surface. Jet pumps can be configured as shallow-well or deep-well pumps, but even deep-well jet pumps remain above ground.
How It Works
- The pump creates suction via a jet assembly.
- Water is pulled through pipes from underground.
- The pressure generated moves the water through the system.
- Jet pumps need to be primed before operation and if they lose suction.
Typical Applications
- Shallow wells (25 feet or less)
- Some deep wells with dual-pipe jet systems
- Irrigation setups
- Homes lacking space for submersible pump installation
- Low-cost residential water systems
Jet pumps shine when accessibility and above-ground maintenance are priorities.
Submersible Pump vs. Jet Pump: Key Differences
To choose the best pump, it’s important to understand the major differences in performance, installation, cost, efficiency, and longevity between these two systems.
1. Installation Location
Submersible Pump
- Installed underwater inside the well or water source
- Requires proper sealing and waterproofing
- Quiet during operation because it is below ground
Jet Pump
- Installed above ground, typically inside a pump house or garage
- Requires priming and careful placement to avoid air leaks
- Produces more noise than a Submersible Pump
Winner: Submersible Pump for low noise and deep-well capability.
2. Water Depth Capability
Submersible Pump
- Ideal for deep wells of 50–400 feet or more
- Performs efficiently at greater depths
- Maintains strong water pressure even in deep installations
Jet Pump
- Shallow-well jet pumps: suitable for depths up to 25 feet
- Deep-well jet pumps: can reach about 70–100 feet but with lower efficiency
Winner: Submersible Pump for deep water sources.
3. Efficiency and Performance
Submersible Pump
- Pushes water upward, which is more energy-efficient
- Submersion keeps the motor cool
- Less power wasted compared to suction-based pumps
Jet Pump
- Pulls water upward, requiring more energy
- Less efficient at greater depths
- Can experience loss of prime or air leaks
Winner: Submersible Pump for superior efficiency and reliability.
4. Maintenance Requirements
Submersible Pump
- Harder to access because it is underground
- Requires minimal maintenance
- Fewer issues with air leaks or priming
- Long lifespan due to constant cooling from surrounding water
Jet Pump
- Easy to access for repairs
- More frequent maintenance due to exposure
- Susceptible to air leaks, priming issues, and freezing (in cold climates)
Winner: Jet Pump for easy maintenance
Winner: Submersible Pump for fewer breakdowns
5. Noise Level
Submersible Pump
- Operates underwater, making it extremely quiet
- No vibration or noise near the home
Jet Pump
- Audible hum or vibration
- Can be noisy if not installed on a vibration-absorbing base
Winner: Submersible Pump
6. Cost
Submersible Pump
- Higher upfront cost
- Lower long-term operating cost due to efficiency and fewer repairs
- Longer lifespan compared to jet pumps
Jet Pump
- Lower initial cost
- Higher long-term operational and maintenance costs
- Shorter lifespan if frequently used
Winner: Jet Pump if upfront cost matters
Winner: Submersible Pump for long-term savings
Advantages of a Submersible Pump
- Highly energy efficient
- Excellent for deep wells
- Quiet during operation
- Longer lifespan
- Not prone to air leaks or loss of prime
A Submersible Pump is seen as the gold standard for modern water systems requiring reliable, continuous performance.
Advantages of a Jet Pump
- Easy to access and maintain
- Can be used for shallow wells or limited-depth applications
- Lower initial price
- Simple installation
Jet pumps are still preferred in older homes or where installing a Submersible Pump is not feasible.
Which Pump Should You Choose?
Choose a Submersible Pump if:
- You have a deep well (over 50 feet)
- You want maximum efficiency
- You need quiet operation
- You want a long-lasting investment
- Your priority is high water pressure
A Submersible Pump is ideal for most modern households, farms, and industrial operations.
Choose a Jet Pump if:
- Your well is shallow
- You prefer above-ground maintenance
- Your budget is limited
- You need a quick, easy installation
Jet pumps work well for shallow wells and situations where pump access is important.
Final Verdict
The choice between a Submersible Pump and a jet pump depends on your well depth, budget, and performance requirements.
- For deep wells, efficiency, and long-term value, the Submersible Pump is the clear winner.
- For shallow wells, cost savings, and easy maintenance, a jet pump may be the better option.
In modern installations, the Submersible Pump is often preferred due to its reliability, efficiency, and quiet operation—but both have strong roles depending on the application.