Straight Latin Guys

Straight Latin Guys
Something went wrong, but don’t fret — let’s give it another shot.

Dashboard
Publications
Account settings
Log out

Journal List

HHS Author Manuscripts

PMC2821784

Salud Publica Mex. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 Feb 15.
Salud Publica Mex. 2008 Nov–Dec; 50(6): 439.
1 Institute for Community Health Research, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120 th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
2 Bienestar Human Services, Inc., 4955 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90027
Correspondence Author: Frank H. Galvan, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Institute for Community Health Research, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120 th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, (323) 357-3452; (323) 357-3477 fax, ude.uwerdc@navlagknarf
See other articles in PMC that cite the published article.
Keywords: HIV, migrants, sexual behavior, homosexuality, male, employment, Los Angeles
Sample Characteristics, Los Angeles, California, July to September 2005
a The percentages do not always add to 100% because of rounding.
b Visa (student, worker or tourist) = 25, immigration paperwork in process = 3, asylum = 1
Sexual Solicitations of Day Laborers (multivariate logistic regressions a ), Los Angeles, California, July to September 2005
a Multivariate models include only those variables that were significant at the bivariate level at p ≤ 0.25 and exclude those factors that were correlated with other variables in the models.
1. Organista KC, Carrillo H, Ayala G. HIV prevention with Mexican migrants: Review, Critique and Recommendations. J Acq Immun Def Synd. 2004; 37 :S227–S239. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
2. Denner J, Organista KC, Dupree JD, Thrush G. Predictors of HIV transmission among migrant and marginally housed Latinos. AIDS Behav. 2005; 9 :201–210. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
3. Fernandez MI, Collazo JB, Hernandez N, Bowen GS, Varga LM, Vila C Kibort, et al. Predictors of HIV risk among Hispanic farm workers in South Florida: Women are at higher risk than men. AIDS Behav. 2004; 8 :165–174. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
4. Organista KC, Organista PB. Migrant laborers and AIDS in the United States: A review of the literature. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997; 9 :83–93. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
5. Organista KC, Organista PB, Bola JR, Garcia de Alba GJE, Castillo Moran MA. Predictors of condom use in Mexican migrant laborers. Am J Commun Psychol. 2000; 28 :245–265. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
6. Organista KC, Organista PB, Garcia de Alba GJE, Castillo Moran MA, Ureta Carrillo LE. Survey of condom-related beliefs, behaviors, and perceived social norms in Mexican migrant laborers. J Commun Health. 1997; 22 :185–198. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
7. Valenzuela A, Theodore N, Melendez E, Gonzalez AL. On the Corner: Day Labor in the United States [monograph on Internet] Chicago: University of Illinois; 2006. consulted on November 2007 Available at http://www.uic.edu/cuppa/uicued . [ Google Scholar ]
8. Walter N, Bourgois P, Loinaz HM. Masculinity and undocumented labor migration: injured Latino day laborers in San Francisco. Soc Sci Med. 2004; 59 :1159–1168. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
9. Walter N, Bourgois P, Loinaz HM, Schillinger D. Social context of work injury among undocumented day laborers in San Francisco. J Gen Intern Med. 2002; 17 :221–229. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
10. Organista KC, Kubo A. Pilot survey of HIV risk and contextual problems and issues in Mexican/Latino migrant day laborers. J Immigrant Health. 2005; 7 :269–281. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
11. Ehrlich SF, Organista KC, Oman D. Migrant Latino day laborers and intentions to test for HIV. AIDS Behav. 2007; 11 :743–752. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
12. Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Saunders J, Grant M. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992. [ Google Scholar ]
13. Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Screening Identification Test (AUDIT). WHO collaboration project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption. Addiction. 1993; 88 :791–804. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
14. Forth Worth: Texas Christian University Institute of Behavioral Research; TCU Data Collection Forms for Correctional Residential Treatment [Internet site] consulted on March 11, 2002 Available at www.ibr.tcu.edu/pubs/datacoll/listofforms.html . [ Google Scholar ]
15. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1989. [ Google Scholar ]
1. Organista KC, Carrillo H, Ayala G. HIV prevention with Mexican migrants: Review, Critique and Recommendations. J Acq Immun Def Synd. 2004; 37 :S227–S239. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
2. Denner J, Organista KC, Dupree JD, Thrush G. Predictors of HIV transmission among migrant and marginally housed Latinos. AIDS Behav. 2005; 9 :201–210. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
4. Organista KC, Organista PB. Migrant laborers and AIDS in the United States: A review of the literature. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997; 9 :83–93. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
5. Organista KC, Organista PB, Bola JR, Garcia de Alba GJE, Castillo Moran MA. Predictors of condom use in Mexican migrant laborers. Am J Commun Psychol. 2000; 28 :245–265. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
6. Organista KC, Organista PB, Garcia de Alba GJE, Castillo Moran MA, Ureta Carrillo LE. Survey of condom-related beliefs, behaviors, and perceived social norms in Mexican migrant laborers. J Commun Health. 1997; 22 :185–198. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
7. Valenzuela A, Theodore N, Melendez E, Gonzalez AL. On the Corner: Day Labor in the United States [monograph on Internet] Chicago: University of Illinois; 2006. consulted on November 2007 Available at http://www.uic.edu/cuppa/uicued . [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
8. Walter N, Bourgois P, Loinaz HM. Masculinity and undocumented labor migration: injured Latino day laborers in San Francisco. Soc Sci Med. 2004; 59 :1159–1168. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
9. Walter N, Bourgois P, Loinaz HM, Schillinger D. Social context of work injury among undocumented day laborers in San Francisco. J Gen Intern Med. 2002; 17 :221–229. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
10. Organista KC, Kubo A. Pilot survey of HIV risk and contextual problems and issues in Mexican/Latino migrant day laborers. J Immigrant Health. 2005; 7 :269–281. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
11. Ehrlich SF, Organista KC, Oman D. Migrant Latino day laborers and intentions to test for HIV. AIDS Behav. 2007; 11 :743–752. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
12. Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Saunders J, Grant M. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992. [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
13. Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Screening Identification Test (AUDIT). WHO collaboration project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption. Addiction. 1993; 88 :791–804. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
14. Forth Worth: Texas Christian University Institute of Behavioral Research; TCU Data Collection Forms for Correctional Residential Treatment [Internet site] consulted on March 11, 2002 Available at www.ibr.tcu.edu/pubs/datacoll/listofforms.html . [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
15. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1989. [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]

NLM

NIH

HHS

USA.gov

External link. Please review our privacy policy .
The new PMC design is here!
Learn more
about navigating our updated article layout. The
PMC legacy view
will also be available for a limited time.

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official.

Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal
government site.

The site is secure.

The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.

1 Institute for Community Health Research, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120 th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
1 Institute for Community Health Research, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120 th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
2 Bienestar Human Services, Inc., 4955 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90027
1 Institute for Community Health Research, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120 th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
To examine the likelihood of Latino day laborers being solicited for sex by other men.
450 Latino day laborers were recruited in Los Angeles, California, from July to September 2005. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which day laborers were more likely to be solicited and subsequently to have sex.
Thirty-eight percent reported being solicited for sex by another man while seeking work. Those solicited were more likely to live longer in the U.S., be more educated and screen positive for drug dependence. Of those solicited, 9.4% had sex with their solicitors. Those screening positive for drug dependence were more likely to have sex. Most of the day laborers who had anal sex with their solicitors did not always use condoms.
HIV prevention efforts should target drug dependent day laborers, who may place themselves at risk for HIV through sex with male solicitors.
A number of factors are associated with the risk of HIV infection among Latino migrant workers in the United States. These include engaging in sexual activities with commercial sex workers, having many sex partners, sharing needles after the injection of illegal drugs or substances taken for “therapeutic” reasons and abusing alcohol and drugs. 1 Compounding such risk factors are a number of other issues, such as disruptions in family lives, poverty, low levels of formal education and literacy rates, limited English proficiency and undocumented residency status. 1
The limited literature that exists on HIV and Latino migrant men has focused primarily on migrants living in rural areas or small cities who are usually or primarily farm workers 2 - 4 or on those described solely as “migrant laborers.” 5 - 6 Limited information is available on the HIV-related risk behaviors of day laborers, the overwhelming majority of whom are Latino immigrants. 7
It is estimated that there are approximately 117,600 day laborers on any given day in the United States either looking for day labor jobs or employed as day laborers. 7 Day workers seek jobs primarily through informal locations, such as standing in front of businesses, home improvement stores, gas stations and on busy streets; only one in five seeks work at an official day laborers work center. 7
Ethnographic studies conducted with Latino day laborers reveal that most day laborers report coming to the U.S. to support their families in their countries of origin. 8 - 9 Many borrowed money from friends or relatives to cover transit costs and as a result may spend their first few months after arrival repaying their debts. Many are homeless or share housing with other men in order to save on housing costs. Often their primary attention and focus is on earning enough money to send home to their families and for this reason many hardships are endured. 8
Valenzuela et al. 7 found that most day laborers (83%) rely on their day labor work as their only source of income. Most are at or below the federal poverty level. Valenzuela et al. also found rampant violations of day laborers' rights, including not being paid for their work, working under hazardous conditions and being subject to insults from employers.
One study that focused exclusively on the HIV-related risk behaviors of Latino day laborers was conducted by Organista & Kubo. 10 They interviewed 102 workers in Northern California. They reported that knowledge of proper condom use was generally low among the men interviewed. However, higher condom use was reported by men who had multiple female sexual partners compared to those with only one sexual partner. None of the men in the study reported any sexual activities with other males during the previous 2 months.
The limited information available on Latino day laborers' risk of HIV infection leaves other questions unanswered. For example, to what extent are day laborers solicited for sex by other men while they seek employment? Ehrlich et al. 11 asked their sample of 290 male Latino migrant day laborers if they had ever heard of men being offered money for sex at day labor sites. Seventy-five percent reported that they had heard of men offering day laborers money for sex at work sites. However, Ehrlich et al. did not ask the day laborers if they themselves had been approached for sex at day labor sites, nor what their responses had been. Such solicitations could potentially place them at risk of HIV infection, especially if some day laborers feel compelled for economic reasons to accept the sexual solicitations from these men, even if this involves high-risk sexual activities. Thus, there is a need to obtain more information about the extent to which Latino day laborers may be at risk for HIV infection through the sexual solicitations from other men while seeking day labor employment.
In addition, information is now available on the Internet for men interested in meeting Latino day laborers for sexual activities. This includes the locations of specific day labor sites in different cities in the United States, along with the names of street corners or business establishments where day laborers congregate. Also included are specific details of how to target Latino day laborers for sexual activities, tips on how to approach them, suggested payment amounts, best times of the day to make contact and detailed graphic stories of sexual encounters with day laborers.
This study had 2 specific aims: (1) to determine the extent to which male Latino day laborers are solicited for sex by other men while seeking work at specific day labor sites, and (2) to determine the extent to which day laborers engage in sex with their male solicitors and the factors associated with such behavior. This information can suggest possible directions in the creation of HIV prevention programs that respond more specifically to the needs of male Latino day laborers and contribute to lowering the risk of HIV infection for themselves and their partners.
Six day labor sites were chosen in the city of Los Angeles, California. The location of five of these sites was obtained from information on the Internet about where to find Latino day laborers for potential sexual encounters. The other site was located near one of these other sites and was identified by day laborers themselves, and so it was included as well.
A convenience sample of 450 Latino day laborers was recruited for the study from July to September 2005. Of these, all were recruited from sites mentioned on the Internet except for 10 individuals recruited from the nearby site mentioned above. Participants were between the ages of 18 to 40 years of age. This particular age group was targeted on the assumption that individuals soliciting day laborers for sex would be more inclined to approach younger, rather than older, men. Individuals who appeared to meet the age criteria were approached by a Latino male research interviewer. The interviewer introduced himself and stated that he was interviewing Latino day laborers for a study examining the extent to which Latino day laborers between the ages of 18 to 40 years of age are at risk for HIV. The individual was asked if he was between those ages. If the person indicated that he was, the interviewer then informed him that if he volunteered for the study he would be asked questions about sexual behaviors, drug use and alcohol use. He was informed that the interview would last between 30 to 45 minutes and that he would receive $15 for his participation.
Those interested in participating were then asked to walk to a nearby private location and administered a questionnaire after providing informed consent (which included information that a Certificate of Confidentiality had been obtained from the National Institutes of Health and thereby providing an additional safeguard of confidentiality to the participants). Upon reading the consent form, the individuals were also informed that they would be asked questions about whether they had ever been approached for sex while seeking work as a day laborer. This information was not initially provided at the screening stage when the men were first approached about the study because of the concern that other day laborers at the day labor site could make the assumption that the individuals agreeing to participate in the study had in fact been solicited for sex while seeking work. All of the interviews were conducted in Spanish.
Each participant provided information on his age, country of birth, years lived in the U.S., years of education, years working as a day laborer, relationship status (married, not married but living with a partner, or single), sexual orientation, previous year's income, residency status in the U.S., history of ever having tested for HIV and HIV serostatus. Harmful drinking was assessed through the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). 12 - 13 The AUDIT is a 10-item screener which includes 3 questions on the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption as well as 3 questions on alcohol dependence and 4 questions on problem drinking during the previous year. Scores of 8 or higher indicate a strong likelihood of harmful alcohol consumption.
Drug dependence was assessed using the Texas Christian University Drug Screen II (TCUDS II). 14 Questions were asked about the use of various drugs during the previous 12 months (the category of alcohol was excluded from the TCUDS since it was covered by the AUDIT). Values of 3 or greater indicate relatively severe drug-related problems and correspond approximately to a drug dependence diagnosis. Participants testing positive for either the alcohol or drug screeners were provided with appropriate referrals for follow-up substance abuse care as necessary. “Sex with men in the previous 12 months” was assessed based on an affirmative response to reporting having given or received oral or anal sex with another man.
Participants were also asked the follow
Putas En Brooklyn Ny
Escort En Stockton Ca
La Milf Escorts

Straight Latin Guys

Report Page